Angular-Performance: So zünden Sie den Turbo

Was in zwei Sekunden nicht lädt, wird nie wieder aufgerufen: Die Erwartung von Anwendern an die Performance von Webanwendungen nimmt stetig zu. Nach dem Laden einer Webanwendung muss sich diese schnell und flüssig anfühlen, damit der Anwender sein Ziel erreichen kann. Im Webinar zeigt Ihnen Christian Liebel mit Zone.js, Change Detection und Service Workern die wichtigsten Performance-Stellschrauben des Angular-Frameworks, damit Sie auch für Ihre Angular-App den Turbo zünden können. Melden Sie sich jetzt kostenlos an. Wir freuen uns auf Sie!

Transcript

1. Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Christian Liebel @christianliebel Consultant P
2. Hello, it’s me. Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Christian Liebel Twitter: @christianliebel Email: christian.liebel @thinktecture.com Angular & PWA Slides: thinktecture.com /christian-liebel
3. Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Agenda Change Detection & NgZone Change Detection Strategies Service Workers
4. Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Agenda Change Detection & NgZone Change Detection Strategies Service Workers
5. Reduce required computations during runtime - calculations - painting - layouting - detecting changes Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Runtime Performance
6. Hi Angular! Basics // app.component.html <h1>Hi {{ title }}!</h1> // app.component.ts @Component({ /* … */ }) export class AppComponent { title = 'Angular'; } Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detection
7. Basics // app.component.html <h1>Hi {{ title }}!</h1> <button (click)="update()"> Update </button> // app.component.ts @Component({ /* … */ }) export class AppComponent { title = 'Angular'; update() { this.title = 'Foo'; } } Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detection Hi Foo! Hi Angular! Update
8. Component Tree AppComponent NavComponent ContentComponent ListComponent Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detection
9. Change Detector Tree AppComponent NavComponent ContentComponent ListComponent Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detection AppComponent CD NavComponent CD ContentComponent CD ListComponent CD CHANGE
10. Per default, each change in your application leads to… - A single CD cycle - From top to bottom (all components) - Unidirectional (no cycles allowed) Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detection DEMO
11. Findings Reduce duration of a change detection cycle - Reduce amount of bindings (e.g. grids: virtual scrolling via CDK) - Avoid binding to (computationally intensive) getters or functions Keep CD cycle < 16 ms! Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detection
12. Profiling // main.ts platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule).then(module => enableDebugTools(module.injector.get(ApplicationRef).components[0])); Execute ng.profiler.timeChangeDetection() to measure the duration of a change detection run (500ms or 5 change detection cycles) Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detection DEMO
13. Profiling Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detection DEMO
14. How to detect a change? AppComponent NavComponent ContentComponent ListComponent Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Zone.js AppComponent CD NavComponent CD ContentComponent CD ListComponent CD CHANGE
15. A look at Angular’s dependencies "dependencies": { "@angular/common": "~11.2.0", "rxjs": "~6.6.0", "tslib": "^2.0.0", "zone.js": "~0.10.2" }, Zone.js Your App at the Speed of Light Angular Performance
16. Overview Provided by the Angular team Open-source https://github.com/angular/zone.js 1. Provides an execution context for asynchronous JavaScript 2. A meta-monkey patch Zone.js Your App at the Speed of Light Angular Performance
17. Execution Context Oversimplified Zone.run(main); onZoneEnter(); function main() { a(); setTimeout(b, 0); c(); } onZoneLeave(); Zone.js const orig = window.setTimeout; window.setTimeout = (c, t) => { orig(() => { onZoneEnter(); c(); onZoneLeave(); }, t); }; Your App at the Speed of Light Angular Performance
18. A Meta-Monkey Patch Zone.js setTimeout setInterval geolocation.getCurrentPosition XMLHttpRequest PromiseRejectionEvent requestAnimationFrame click focus mousemove addEventListener Your App at the Speed of Light Angular Performance
19. NgZone Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Zone.js current (global) zone NgZone Angular boot
20. NgZone NgZone catches asynchronous operations from the Angular app When no tasks are remaining for the current VM turn, the NgZone will trigger a change detection cycle (tick) Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Zone.js NgZone setTimeout setInterval onclick Detect changes Detect changes Detect changes
21. Change Detection Trigger https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/master/packages/core/src/application_ref.ts Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Zone.js NgZone.onMicrotaskEmpty ApplicationRef.tick() view1.detectChanges() view2.detectChanges() viewN.detectChanges()
22. Common Pitfalls Long CD cycles in combination with high-frequency events - mousemove - scroll - requestAnimationFrame - setInterval with short intervals (clocks!) Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Zone.js DEMO
23. NgZone Zone.js current (global) zone NgZone rAF Detect changes rAF Detect changes rAF Detect changes rAF Detect changes Your App at the Speed of Light Angular Performance
24. NgZone Opt-Out constructor (ngZone: NgZone) { ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => { // runs outside Angular zone, for performance-critical code ngZone.run(() => { // runs inside Angular zone, for updating view afterwards }); }); } Zone.js Your App at the Speed of Light Angular Performance ! View and model can get out of sync! DEMO
25. NgZone Zone.js current (global) zone NgZone rAF rAF rAF rAF Your App at the Speed of Light Angular Performance
26. Disable Patches (polyfills.ts) (window as any).__Zone_disable_requestAnimationFrame = true; // disable patch requestAnimationFrame (window as any).__Zone_disable_on_property = true; // disable patch onProperty such as onclick (window as any).__zone_symbol__UNPATCHED_EVENTS = ['scroll', 'mousemove']; // disable patch specified eventNames Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Zone.js ! View and model can get out of sync!
27. Event Coalescing <div (click)="doSomething()"> <button (click)="doSomethingElse()">Test</button> </div> // main.ts platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule, { ngZoneEventCoalescing: true }); Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Zone.js ! App behavior may change! CHANGE CHANGE Coalescing
28. Disable Zone (= disable async change detection!) platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule, { ngZone: 'noop' }); constructor(applicationRef: ApplicationRef) { applicationRef.tick(); // trigger CD yourself } Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Zone.js ! View and model can get out of sync!
29. Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Agenda Change Detection & NgZone Change Detection Strategies Service Workers
30. Overview Default Uses Zone.js for detecting changes and updates bindings OnPush Restricts change detection to changes of @Input parameters Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detection Strategies AppComponent CD NavComponent CD ContentComponent CD ListComponent CD AppComponent CD NavComponent CD ContentComponent CD ListComponent CD OnPush P
31. OnPush <my-component [foo]="bar"> </my-component> @Component({ selector: 'my-component', template: '{{ foo }}', changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush }) export class MyComponent { @Input() public foo: string; } Change detection only reacts to events within the component and changes of @Input() parameters Angular compares the values passed to an @Input() via Object.is(oldValue, newValue) If you are passing objects, make sure to pass in new instances! Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detection Strategies ! View and model can get out of sync!
32. // app.component.ts @Component({ changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush }) /* … */ ngOnInit() { requestAnimationFrame(() => this.ngOnInit()); // this._ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() => request…); } Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detection Strategies DEMO
33. OnPush & Detecting Changes What to do if a component changes unrelated to an @Input parameter? constructor(private dataService: DataService) {} ngOnInit() { this.dataService.updates$ .subscribe(newData => this.data = newData); // no update! } Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detector
34. markForCheck() Explicitly marks a component as dirty/changed (when using OnPush) Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detector AppComponent CD NavComponent CD ContentComponent CD ListComponent CD DIRTY AppComponent CD NavComponent CD ContentComponent CD ListComponent CD OnPush
35. markForCheck() constructor(private dataService: DataService, private cdRef: ChangeDetectorRef) {} ngOnInit() { this.dataService.updates$.subscribe(newData => { this.data = newData; this.cdRef.markForCheck(); }); } Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detector
36. Overview Takes observables, promises or synchronous values {{ data$ | async }} Waits for the observable to emit/promise to resolve and then displays the value Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Async Pipe
37. Advantages For observables: - Async Pipe subscribes for you - Async Pipe takes care of unsubscribing from the observable - Async Pipe calls markForCheck() for each update – perfect match for OnPush! https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/master/packages/common/src/pipes/async_pipe.ts Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Async Pipe
38. Simplifying OnPush constructor(private dataService: DataService, private cdRef: ChangeDetectorRef) {} ngOnInit() { this.dataService.updates$.subscribe(newData => { this.data = newData; this.cdRef.markForCheck(); }); } Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Async Pipe
39. Simplifying OnPush // component.ts data$: Observable<string>; constructor(dataService: DataService) { this.data$ = this.dataService.updates$; } // component.html {{ data$ | async }} Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Async Pipe DEMO
40. Detaching Components changeDetector.detach(); changeDetector.reattach(); Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detector AppComponent CD NavComponent CD ContentComponent CD ListComponent CD AppComponent CD NavComponent CD ContentComponent CD ListComponent CD ! View and model can get out of sync!
41. Findings Reduce amount of change detection cycles - Disable Zone.js (not a good idea in most cases) - Coalesce CD cycles (might change behavior of existing apps) - Opt-out of NgZone (for operations that should not affect bindings) - Disable Zone.js patches (in case you can’t opt-out, e.g. 3rd party libs) - ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush (good default, but be careful) - Local change detection via ChangeDetectorRef (for the few components that do not have to respond to changes from outside) Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Change Detector
42. - Reduce initial load (size & computation) - Reduce perceived loading time - Prevent downloading the same resource again Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Load Time Performance
43. Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light
44. Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Agenda Change Detection & NgZone Change Detection Strategies Service Workers
45. Idea: Never load the same resource twice Download resources once and store them in a local cache The next time the user wants to open the application, load the contents from there Makes your application sources offline-capable Significantly improves loading time Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Service Worker
46. Key Technology Service Worker Service Worker Internet Website HTML/JS Cache fetch Your App at the Speed of Light Angular Performance
47. Commands ng add @angular/pwa ng build -c production cd dist/perf-demo npx lite-server Service Worker Your App at the Speed of Light Angular Performance DEMO
48. Findings – Prevent downloading the same resource twice by using the Service Worker – Postpone loading less frequently used parts of your application by leveraging lazy loading Angular Performance Your App at the Speed of Light Load-Time Performance
49. Thank you for your kind attention! Christian Liebel @christianliebel christian.liebel@thinktecture.com