現代 IT 人一定要知道的 Ansible 自動化組態技巧 Ⅱ - Roles & Windows

Ansible 是個與 Puppet, Salt, Chef 並列的 Infrastructure as Code 組態設定工具，其簡單易用的特性讓人愛不釋手，在 DevOps 界更佔有一席之地。
　
本次凍仁將會帶領大家深入了解 Ansible Role, 怎麼用 Ansible 管 Windows 和實戰經驗分享，相信有了 Ansible 我們都可以提早下班了 (笑)。
　
* Blog 文章：https://note.drx.tw/2016/07/automate-with-ansible-roles-windows.html

Transcript

1. [ chusiang@study-area ~ ] $ cat .profile
   # Author: 㲺Ռᗼ / chusiang.lai (at) gmail.com
   # Blog: http://note.drx.tw
   # Modified: 2016-07-16 01:23
   Ⅱ
   

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2. ౯ฎ抑牫
   • 㲺Ռᗼ (@chusiang_lai)牐
   • 4 ଙ犥Ӥ IT 妿涢牐
   • Ansible 䋿䜗拻璤 4e. 䋊㹓牐
   • ෝ Galaxy 獤Ձጱ Roles物
   • php7 (php-fpm)
   • vim-and-vi-mode
   • win_vim
   • zabbix-agent
   2
   

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3. ࣖ绐㾏
   ᥝ樄তԧ牦
   3
   

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4. Outline
   I. Roles ฎՋ讕牫
   4
   

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5. Outline
   I. Roles ฎՋ讕牫
   II. ெ讕ֵአ Roles牫
   5
   

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6. Outline
   I. Roles ฎՋ讕牫
   II. ெ讕ֵአ Roles牫
   III. Windows Support ฎՋ讕牫
   6
   

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7. Outline
   I. Roles ฎՋ讕牫
   II. ெ讕ֵአ Roles牫
   III. Windows Support ฎՋ讕牫
   IV. ெ讕蟂ᗟ Ansible ᓕ Windows 絑ह牫
   7
   

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8. Outline
   I. Roles ฎՋ讕牫
   II. ெ讕ֵአ Roles牫
   III. Windows Support ฎՋ讕牫
   IV. ெ讕蟂ᗟ Ansible ᓕ Windows 絑ह牫
   V. ெ讕አ Ansible ᓕ Windows牫
   8
   

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9. Outline
   I. Roles ฎՋ讕牫
   II. ெ讕ֵአ Roles牫
   III. Windows Support ฎՋ讕牫
   IV. ெ讕蟂ᗟ Ansible ᓕ Windows 絑ह牫
   V. ெ讕አ Ansible ᓕ Windows牫
   VI. Q & A
   9
   

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10. Ⅰ. Roles ฎՋ讕牫
    10
    

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11. Scaling Up
    Your Playbooks
    -̽Ansible: Up and Running̾
    Safari Books Online - https://goo.gl/dxoGSb
    

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12. – chusiang
    ̿ Roles ݢ犥褔犵 Playbooks ጱ蕦褾௔
    牧ๅݢ犥ीے Playbooks ጱݢአ௔牐̀
    

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13. Roles ฎՋ讕牫
    • ਁᶎӤጱ఺௏ฎ薫ᜋ牧ٌ獊ݷ
    傶 Playbook Roles牐
    • 疥 Playbook 獤獹౮ग़㮆෈կ
    ጱ (ು虡玕) ੗蕕戔懯牐
    • অ穉 Python ጱ Packages牐ֵ
    አ Roles ౯㮉ݢ፜݄᯿蝨斪ৼ
    ጱ碻樌牧簁盅൉෱ӥ紑牦
    Ansible Docs - http://goo.gl/mV6ToX
    13
    

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14. Playbooks ฎՋ讕牫
    • Ӟ棎蟂ᗟጱ䔶य़ྎ瑊牧穉 Shell
    Script ๅٍ奾䯤玕ጱ脻๜承
    ᥺牐
    • ֵአ YAML ໒ୗ牧䌃 code 疰
    ইݶ䌃෈կ牧墋㻌ฃ捝牐
    • ݢֵአ Jinja2 (template 羬翄)
    蔭螈ୗ牧㪔ඪൔ虋碍牏ڣ䥁ୗ

    牏蝅瑹 ... 缛承ဩ牐
    Baby Playbook Onesie - http://goo.gl/GKJvXn
    14
    

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15. 15
    Playbook Roles Playbooks
    v.s.
    [ jonny@sa ~/playbook-role ]$ tree -L 3
    .
    !"" LICENSE
    !"" README.md
    !"" ......
    !"" ansible.cfg
    !"" group_vars
    # %"" windows.yml
    !"" requirements.yml
    !"" roles
    # %"" chusiang.win_vim
    # !"" LICENSE
    # !"" README.md
    # !"" ......
    # !"" tasks
    # %"" templates
    !"" setup.yml
    !"" staging
    %"" templates
    %"" check_vim_version.bat.j2
    [ jonny@sa ~/playbook ]$ tree -L 3
    .
    !"" LICENSE
    !"" README.md
    !"" ......
    !"" ansible.cfg
    !"" defaults
    # %"" main.yml
    !"" group_vars
    # %"" windows.yml
    !"" setup.yml
    !"" staging
    !"" tasks
    # !"" main.yml
    # %"" use-msi.yml
    %"" templates
    %"" check_vim_version.bat.j2
    

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16. Ⅱ. ெ讕ֵአ Roles牫
    矾疨牏ਞ蕕牏ڡত玕
    16
    

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17. Terminal
    and
    17
    Galaxy
    

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18. Galaxy
    18
    

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19. https://galaxy.ansible.com
    

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22. View Slide

23. 23
    $ ansible-galaxy ̍
    

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24. ெ讕矾疨 Roles牫
    24
    # ansible-galaxy [delete|import|info|init|install|list|login|remove|search|setup]
    [--help] [options] ...
    $ ansible-galaxy search win_vim
    Found 11 roles matching your search:
    Name Description
    ---- -----------
    chusiang.win_vim Install Vim and on Windows.
    mingraham.win_import_pfx_cert Imports pfx certs to windows machine with pr
    alban.andrieu.windows A role for installing windows
    ypid.wine Setup and manage Wine for running MS Windows
    trondhindenes.win_reboot A role to manage reboots on Windows nodes. T
    kafecho.windows-couchdb Ansible role to deploy Apache CouchDB 1.6.1
    cchurch.win-ec2 Create and destroy Windows instances on EC2.
    shrikeh.pagerduty-maintenance-windows Ansible role to create PagerDuty scheduled m
    peterszatmary.xfce Installs the XFCE window manager and lightdm
    JamesSmaldon.xfce Installs the XFCE window manager and lightdm
    deekayen.tls Host more secure communications for services
    (END)
    

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25. ெ讕ਞ蕕 Roles牫
    25
    $ ansible-galaxy install chusiang.win_vim
    - downloading role 'win_vim', owned by chusiang
    - downloading role from https://github.com/chusiang/win_vim.ansible.role/
    archive/1.0.5.tar.gz
    - extracting chusiang.win_vim to /usr/local/etc/ansible/roles/chusiang.win_vim
    - chusiang.win_vim was installed successfully
    $ ansible-galaxy install -f -p roles chusiang.win_vim
    - downloading role 'win_vim', owned by chusiang
    - downloading role from https://github.com/chusiang/win_vim.ansible.role/
    archive/1.0.5.tar.gz
    - extracting chusiang.win_vim to roles/chusiang.win_vim
    - chusiang.win_vim was installed successfully
    ெ讕螲ਞ蕕 Roles 螲ᛔ懪 Roles ֖ᗝ牫
    

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26. ெ讕ڡত玕 Roles牫
    26
    $ ansible-galaxy init new_role
    - new_role was created successfully
    $ tree new_role/
    new_role/
    !"" README.md
    !"" defaults
    # %"" main.yml
    !"" files
    !"" handlers
    # %"" main.yml
    !"" meta
    # %"" main.yml
    !"" tasks
    # %"" main.yml
    !"" templates
    !"" tests
    # !"" inventory
    # %"" test.yml
    %"" vars
    %"" main.yml
    https://galaxy.ansible.com/intro
    

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27. Ⅲ. Windows Support ฎՋ讕牫
    27
    

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28. Ansible Docs - http://goo.gl/jm8lpl
    28
    ࣁਥො෈կӾ牧
    磪㮆ᒍ℄䌕槹ࣁ藯 ...
    

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29. Ansible Docs - http://goo.gl/jm8lpl
    29
    ࣁਥො෈կӾ牧
    磪㮆ᒍ℄䌕槹ࣁ藯 ...
    ெ讕አ Ansible ᓕ Windows牦
    

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30. Ansible ℂ 1.7 樄তඪൔ
    Windows Managed node牐
    Ansible Docs - http://goo.gl/jm8lpl
    30
    

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31. Ansible 2.0 䌘 Windows
    Managed node ጱඪൔଶ
    य़ଏ൉܋牐
    jhawkesworth - http://goo.gl/5C4mrc
    31
    

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32. Ansible ெ讕ᓕ Windows牫
    蝚螂 inventory ਧ嬝 Managed node牧㪔萞ኧ WinRM (౲ SSH) 膏 PowerShell 蝱ᤈ传蝢牐
    32
    

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33. Ansible ெ讕ᓕ Unix-like牫
    蝚螂 inventory ਧ嬝 Managed node牧㪔萞ኧ SSH 膏 Python 蝱ᤈ传蝢牐
    33
    

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34. Unix-like node
    SSH
    Python
    Windows node
    WinRM, SSH
    PowerShell
    

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35. Unix-like node
    SSH
    Python
    Windows node
    WinRM, SSH
    PowerShell
    

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36. Unix-like node
    SSH
    Python
    Windows node
    WinRM, SSH
    PowerShell
    

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37. Unix-like node
    SSH
    Python
    Windows node
    WinRM, SSH
    PowerShell
    

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38. Ⅳ. ெ讕蟂ᗟ Ansible ᓕ Windows 絑ह牫
    ਞ蕕牏戔ਧ
    

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39. ெ讕蟂ᗟ Control Machine牫
    • ਞ蕕 ansible ޾ pywinrm牐
    39
    # Reference:

    # 

    # http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/intro_windows.html#installing-on-the-
    control-machine

    

    # Debian & Ubuntu (propose).
    $ sudo apt-get install ansible
    # Mac OS X (propose).
    $ sudo brew install ansible
    # Python.
    $ sudo pip install ansible
    # pywinrm (need).
    $ sudo pip install "pywinrm>=0.1.1"
    

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40. ெ讕蟂ᗟ Managed node牫
    珸አ WinRM ๐率牏ਞ蕕 PowerShell 3.0+牏橕樂 UAC
    

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41. 1. 獮ஃ Windows Support ෈կ殷ᶎ牐
    

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42. 2. 讨䢗 Windows System Prep 蝫奾牐
    

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43. 3. 讨䢗 this PowerShell script 蝫奾牐
    

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44. 4. 讨䢗 Raw 蝫奾牐
    

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45. 5. ݚਂ ConfigureRemotingForAnsible.ps1 ౮碝䲆牐
    

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46. 6. ֵአᓕቘᘏ稗褖樄珸 PowerShell牐
    

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47. 7. ֵአᓕቘᘏ稗褖䁆ᤈ ConfigureRemotingForAnsible.ps1牐
    R
    

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48. 8. 舙 Script 磪 UAC 稗褖㺔氂牧藶ض薹森 (Unblock) ٚ䁆ᤈ牐
    

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49. 9. 舙翕᪠磪㺔氂牧藶硬አᐺՈ翕᪠ (Private network)牐
    

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50. $ winrm quickconfig -q
    $ winrm set winrm/config/winrs @{MaxMemoryPerShellMB="512"}
    $ winrm set winrm/config @{MaxTimeoutms="1800000"}
    $ winrm set winrm/config/service @{AllowUnencrypted="true"}
    $ winrm set winrm/config/service/auth @{Basic="true"}
    $ sc config WinRM start= auto
    10. 螭磪㺔氂牫藶አᓕቘᘏ稗褖樄珸޸ڜ൉纈ਁز牧㪔䁆ᤈ犥Ӥ 6 ᤈ牐
    C:\ ̍
    

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51. ெ讕蟂ᗟ Managed node牫
    珸አ WinRM ๐率牏ਞ蕕 PowerShell 3.0+牏橕樂 UAC
    

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52. Windows 8, 10牏Server 2012 ૪獉ୌ PowerShell 3.0+牐
    

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53. Windows 7牏Server 2008 R2 襑ಋ㵕ਞ蕕 PowerShell 3.0牐
    

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54. ெ讕蟂ᗟ Managed node牫
    珸አ WinRM ๐率牏ਞ蕕 PowerShell 3.0+牏橕樂 UAC
    

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55. (螡殻) 舙๚؊አ UAC牧ݢ胼䨝蝨౮蟂犩 tasks ᤩӾ䥁牐
    

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56. ெ讕戔ਧ Ansible牫
    • 萞ኧ ansible.cfg 㬵戔ਧ inventory (host file) 䲆礯᪠䕩牏
    Managed node (ᤩ矒ᒒ) ֵአᘏݷ圸牏SSH ᰂ槄 … 缛牐
    56
    $ vim ansible.cfg
    [defaults]
    # 瞲ਧ inventory 䲆礯᪠䕩牐
    hostfile = staging
    # 螐ᒒֵአᘏݷ圸
    remote_user = vagrant
    # host_key_checking: 犋扇㺔ے獈 ssh ᰂ槄
    #host_key_checking = False
    

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57. inventory ฎՋ讕牫
    • Ԇᥝአ㬵ਧ嬝 Managed node (ᤩ矒ᒒ) Ԇ秚֖࣎膏ᗭ奲牧
    犖ݢአ㬵戔ਧ WinRM 蝫娄虻懱牐
    57
    $ vim staging
    # ansible_host: 螐ᒒԆ秚֖࣎牐
    # ansible_port: 螐ᒒओݗ (Port)牐
    # ansible_user: 螐ᒒֵአᘏݷ圸牐
    # ansible_pass: 螐ᒒੂ嘨 (ୌ捍硬አᐺ槄)牐
    [local]
    win10.local ansible_host=127.0.0.1 ansible_user=IEUser
    ansible_password=Passw0rd! ansible_port=55986
    

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58. inventory ฎՋ讕牫
    • ࣁ矒ᓕ Windows Managed node 獮牧౯㮉螭襑戔ਧ蝡犚
    inventory 虋碍牐
    58
    $ vim group_vars/windows.yml
    ---
    # windows support
    #################
    ansible_connection: winrm
    ansible_port: 5986
    # The following is necessary for Python 2.7.9+ when using \
    # default WinRM self-signed certificates:
    ansible_winrm_server_cert_validation: ignore
    

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59. Ⅴ. ெ讕አ Ansible ᓕ Windows牫
    Ad-Hoc command, Playbooks x Roles
    

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60. Ad-Hoc command
    60
    Playbooks x Roles
    

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61. ெ讕አ Ad-Hoc command ᓕ Windows牫
    • -m 盅ጱݱ殻㷢碍藶㷢ᘍਥො෈կ ҆ Windows Modules

    牧ඪൔ Windows ጱ Module य़ग़傶 win 樄毣牐
    61
    # ansible -m -a -a
    $ ansible all -m win_ping
    win10.local | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false,
    "ping": "pong"
    }
    $ ansible all -m raw -a "echo Hello World"
    win10.local | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    Hello World
    

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62. ெ讕አ Playbooks ޾ Roles ᓕ Windows牫
    62
    $ vim setup.yml
    ---
    - hosts: all
    roles:
    - chusiang.win_vim
    tasks:
    - name: copy check vim version file
    win_template:
    src: 'templates/check_vim_version.bat.j2'
    dest: '{{ tmp_path }}\check_vim_version.bat'
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    - name: check vim version
    raw: '{{ tmp_path }}\check_vim_version.bat'
    register: vim_version
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    - name: print vim version
    debug:
    msg: "{{ vim_version }}"
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    

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63. ெ讕አ Playbooks ޾ Roles ᓕ Windows牫
    63
    $ vim setup.yml
    ---
    - hosts: all
    roles:
    - chusiang.win_vim
    tasks:
    - name: copy check vim version file
    win_template:
    src: 'templates/check_vim_version.bat.j2'
    dest: '{{ tmp_path }}\check_vim_version.bat'
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    - name: check vim version
    raw: '{{ tmp_path }}\check_vim_version.bat'
    register: vim_version
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    - name: print vim version
    debug:
    msg: "{{ vim_version }}"
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    Play
    

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64. ெ讕አ Playbooks ޾ Roles ᓕ Windows牫
    64
    $ vim setup.yml
    ---
    - hosts: all
    roles:
    - chusiang.win_vim
    tasks:
    - name: copy check vim version file
    win_template:
    src: 'templates/check_vim_version.bat.j2'
    dest: '{{ tmp_path }}\check_vim_version.bat'
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    - name: check vim version
    raw: '{{ tmp_path }}\check_vim_version.bat'
    register: vim_version
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    - name: print vim version
    debug:
    msg: "{{ vim_version }}"
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    role1: chusiang.win_vim
    task1: copy script
    to remote.
    task2: run script.
    task3: print stdout.
    

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65. ெ讕አ Playbooks ޾ Roles ᓕ Windows牫
    65
    $ vim setup.yml
    ---
    - hosts: all
    roles:
    - chusiang.win_vim
    tasks:
    - name: copy check vim version file
    win_template:
    src: 'templates/check_vim_version.bat.j2'
    dest: '{{ tmp_path }}\check_vim_version.bat'
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    - name: check vim version
    raw: '{{ tmp_path }}\check_vim_version.bat'
    register: vim_version
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    - name: print vim version
    debug:
    msg: "{{ vim_version }}"
    when: ansible_os_family == "Windows"
    Module
    

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66. ெ讕አ Playbooks ޾ Roles ᓕ Windows牫
    66
    $ ansible-playbook setup.yml
    PLAY [all] *********************************************************************
    TASK [setup] *******************************************************************
    ok: [win10.local]
    TASK [chusiang.win_vim : Create temp directory] ********************************
    ok: [win10.local]
    TASK [chusiang.win_vim : delegate to 'msi' system for installation] ************
    included: /Users/jonny/vcs/9.demo/studyarea1607-ansible-demo/roles/
    chusiang.win_vim/tasks/use-msi.yml for win10.local
    TASK [chusiang.win_vim : get vim.msi on windows] *******************************
    changed: [win10.local]
    TASK [chusiang.win_vim : install vim with msi] *********************************
    changed: [win10.local]
    

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67. ெ讕አ Playbooks ޾ Roles ᓕ Windows牫
    67
    TASK [copy check vim version file] *********************************************
    changed: [win10.local]
    TASK [check vim version] *******************************************************
    ok: [win10.local]
    TASK [print vim version] *******************************************************
    ok: [win10.local] => {
    "msg": {
    "changed": false,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "",
    "stdout": "\r\nC:\\Users\\IEUser>\"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\vim\\vim74\
    \vim.exe\" --version \r\nVIM - Vi IMproved 7.4 (2013 Aug 1
    ......
    ]
    }
    }
    PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
    win10.local : ok=8 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0
    

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68. ெ讕አ Playbooks ޾ Roles ᓕ Windows牫
    68
    TASK [copy check vim version file] *********************************************
    changed: [win10.local]
    TASK [check vim version] *******************************************************
    ok: [win10.local]
    TASK [print vim version] *******************************************************
    ok: [win10.local] => {
    "msg": {
    "changed": false,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "",
    "stdout": "\r\nC:\\Users\\IEUser>\"C:\\Program Files (x86)\\vim\\vim74\
    \vim.exe\" --version \r\nVIM - Vi IMproved 7.4 (2013 Aug 1
    ......
    ]
    }
    }
    PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
    win10.local : ok=8 changed=3 unreachable=0 failed=0
    者奾
    

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69. 箛 ێ 疻 纈
    Live Demo
    69
    

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70. https://youtu.be/wZLT1B_uh9Q
    

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71. https://github.com/chusiang/studyarea1607-ansible-demo
    

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72. ெ讕螨樄 Windows Playbooks ᪠䕩瑿襊牫
    1. ֵአ key:value 䌃ဩ䨝穉 key=value ੝᪴讨襊牧盅ᘏ犋碻䨝蝽
    ک᪠䕩 (PATH) 篷ဩ蜣蘷㺔氂牐
    2. 螨عࣁྯᤈጱ奾ੲֵአ \牐
    3. 舙蝽ک \ ݢֵአ \\ 㬵磦դ牧ࢩ傶 Windows ܻض疰䨝蝡䰬薹ຉ
    ᪠䕩牐
    4. 粬ྛᒧ蒈薹ຉ磪藮牫藶ض䌃অ瞙稞䲆牧㯽䲆盅 (win_copy,
    win_template) ٚ䁆ᤈ (raw)牐ֺ物`C:\Program Files (x86)`牐
    5. ࣁ Playbooks 愊牧/ 狶傶᪠䕩ጱ獤ᵍᒧ蒈ฎ磪硳ጱ牐
    

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73. 73
    ଉአጱ Windows Module 磪ߺ犚牫
    

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74. ଉአጱ Windows Module 磪ߺ犚牫
    1. raw: Executes a low-down and dirty SSH command.
    2. win_copy: Copies files to remote locations on windows
    hosts.
    3. win_file: Creates, touches or removes files or directories.
    4. win_get_url: Fetches a file from a given URL.
    5. win_lineinfile: Ensure a particular line is in a file, or
    replace an existing line using a back-referenced regular
    expression.
    

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75. ଉአጱ Windows Module 磪ߺ犚牫
    6. win_msi: Installs and uninstalls Windows MSI files.
    7. win_ping: A windows version of the classic ping
    module.
    8. win_reboot: Reboot a windows machine.
    9. win_stat: returns information about a Windows file.
    10.win_template: Templates a file out to a remote server.
    

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76. Q & A
    瑥纔ೌ಑訤觬
    76
    

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77. 㷢ᘍ෈糽
    A. ̽Ansible: Up and Running̾- https://www.ansible.com/ansible-book
    B. Windows Support | Ansible Docs - http://docs.ansible.com/ansible/intro_windows.html
    C. Ansible 2.0 and Windows | AnsibleFest London 2016 - https://goo.gl/OmScaQ
    D. Ansible 䋿䜗拻璤 - http://get.soft-arch.net/ansible/
    E. 亮藳 Ansible by sakana / Max - https://goo.gl/gR0dox
    F. 匍դ IT ՈӞਧᥝᎣ螇ጱ Ansible ᛔ㵕玕奲眲ದૣ | 㲺Ռጱ執懿 - http://goo.gl/JXqlez
    G. 樄তአ Ansible ᓕቘ Windows | @metavige - https://goo.gl/F79v1N
    H. Create A Vagrant Windows Base Box | Smalltown Tech Blog - https://goo.gl/rcy3tT
    I. Issues · ansible/ansible | GitHub - https://github.com/ansible/ansible/issues
    77
    Free
    

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78. 瑽粙㬵რ
    a. Blasts Off Space Rocket From Cosmodrom In The Clouds, Polygonal Stock
    Illustration | dreamstime - http://goo.gl/6FAuiQ
    b. 㾴疑瑿ቘ褾扮 - http://www.ngtaiwan.com
    c. Avatar, business, company, group, manager, people, users icon | Icon search engine

    - https://goo.gl/Hm6ScX
    d. A Galaxy Just Appeared Out of Nowhere - http://goo.gl/ND2Jwb
    e. PowerShell Gallery | azure-sdk - https://goo.gl/bES4Ba
    f. Brown Book Icon - someBooks Icons - SoftIcons.com - http://goo.gl/IDb4jp
    g. Deployment of Symfony2 applications with Ansible - ServerGroveServerGrove

    - http://blog.servergrove.com/2014/04/01/deployment-symfony2-applications-ansible/
    78
    

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79. ૡ珶๐率
    79
    

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80. 80
    .tw
    

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81. http://mopcon.org
    

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82. https://gitter.im/DevOpsTW/
    https://devopstaiwan.slack.com/
    DevOps Taiwan
    https://www.facebook.com/groups/DevOpsTaiwan/
    

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83. http://www.vim.tw
    

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84. COSCUP 2016 珶ߝ毆搳
    

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85. ੜ珵揳℅罏
    茴褸揳 (ДЫХ) ℅ (ЕЦ) ጱᐟً牦
    

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86. ੜ珵 VR 縄椷
    誢涢 VR 蒅硈䋿हጱڥ瑊牦
    

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87. 藶ੂ獥ဳ఺ COSCUP 2016牦
    http://coscup.org/2016/
    

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88. 88
    END
    

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