GraphQL Highway

銀座Rails#40

Transcript

1. ۜ࠲3BJMT
   (SBQI2-ͷߴ଎ಓ࿏
   

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2. (SBQI2-ͱ͸
   

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3. (SBQI2-͸'BDFCPPLʹΑͬͯ࡞ΒΕͨ
   w ೥'BDFCPPLʹΑͬͯ։ൃ։࢝
   w χϡʔεϑΟʔυͷ಺༰Λදݱ͢ΔͨΊʹߟҊ
   w ೥(SBQI2-ൃදʢ3FMBZ΋ಉ೥ʹൃදʣ
   w ೥ςΫχΧϧϓϨϏϡʔΛ୤͢Δ
   w (JU)VC͕(SBQI2-"1*Λఏڙ։࢝
   w ೥(SBQI2-'PVOEBUJPOʹҠ؅͞Εͨ
   

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4. (SBQI2-͸8FC"1*ͷͨΊͷΫΤϦݴޠ
   औಘ͞ΕΔσʔλ͕ΫΤϦͱҰக͢Δ
   query {
   
   
   posts {
   
   
   title
   
   
   }
   
   
   }
   {
   
   
   "posts": [
   
   
   {
   
   
   "title": "Hello World"
   
   
   },
   
   
   {
   
   
   "title": "Hi"
   
   
   }
   
   
   ]
   
   
   }
   

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5. ΫΤϦݴޠ͕ඞཁͳཧ༝
   (SBQI2-͕3&45ʹରͯ࣋ͭ͠Ξυόϯςʔδ
   w ΦʔόʔϑΣονϯάΛ๷͛Δ
   w ϦΫΤετ਺ΛݮΒͤΔ
   w ΫϥΠΞϯτͷมԽʹରͯ͠ॊೈ
   

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6. (SBQI2-Ͱ͸ΦʔόʔϑΣονϯάΛ๷͛Δ
   ඞཁҎ্ͷσʔλΛऔಘͯ͠͠·͏͜ͱΛΦʔόʔϑΣονϯάͱ͍͏
   {
   
   
   "posts": [
   
   
   {
   
   
   "title": "Hello World",
   
   
   "body": "Lorem ipsum",
   
   
   "authorId": "1"
   
   
   },
   
   
   {
   
   
   "title": "Hi",
   
   
   "body": "Hi there.",
   
   
   "authorId": "2"
   
   
   }
   
   
   ]
   
   
   }
   {
   
   
   "posts": [
   
   
   {
   
   
   "title": "Hello World"
   
   
   },
   
   
   {
   
   
   "title": "Hi"
   
   
   }
   
   
   ]
   
   
   }
   

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7. (SBQI2-Ͱ͸ΦʔόʔϑΣονϯάΛ๷͛Δ
   w ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ඞཁͳσʔλΛཁٻ͢ΔͨΊΦʔόʔϑΣονϯά͕ى͖ͳ͍
   w ΦʔόʔϑΣονϯά͕๷͕ΕΔ͜ͱͰ
   w సૹྔΛখ͘͞Ͱ͖Δ
   w αʔόʔαΠυ΋ϦιʔεΛઅ໿Ͱ͖Δ
   w ΞϯμʔϑΣονϯά͸όά😢
   

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8. (SBQI2-Ͱ͸ϦΫΤετ਺ΛݮΒͤΔ
   ґଘؔ܎ͷ͋ΔϦιʔεΛҰ౓ͰऔಘͰ͖Δ
   GET /posts
   
   
   GET /author/1
   
   
   GET /author/2
   query {
   
   
   posts {
   
   
   title
   
   
   author {
   
   
   name
   
   
   }
   
   
   }
   
   
   }
   

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9. (SBQI2-Ͱ͸ϦΫΤετ਺ΛݮΒͤΔ
   w ͻͱͭͷը໘ʹඞཁͳσʔλΛϦΫΤετͰऔಘͰ͖Δͷ͕ཧ૝
   w ϦΫΤετʹ͔͔Δ͕࣌ؒ355 3PVOE5SJQ5JNF
   
   w ฒྻʹϦΫΤετͰ͖Ε͹ෳ਺ͷϦΫΤετ͕͋ͬͯ΋355ͰࡁΉ͕
   w ϦΫΤετؒʹґଘؔ܎͕͋Δͱ/355ʹͳΔ
   w 3&45Ͱ͸࣮ݱ͕ࠔ೉
   w ৔߹ʹΑͬͯ͸3&45෩ͷԿ͔ʹͳ͍ͬͯ͘😢
   

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10. (SBQI2-͸ΫϥΠΞϯτͷมԽʹॊೈ
    "1*ʹྺ࢙తܦҢ͕஝ੵ͍ͯ͘͜͠ͱΛ๷͛Δ
    {
    
    
    "title": "Hello World",
    
    
    "body": "Lorem ipsum",
    
    
    "tags": ["essay", "blog"],
    //
    ࠓ͸࢖͍ͬͯͳ͍͕ޓ׵ੑͷͨΊʹ࢒͢
    
    
    "tag_objects": [
    
    
    {
    
    
    "name": "essay",
    
    
    "id": "1"
    
    
    },
    
    
    {
    
    
    "name": "blog",
    
    
    "id": "2"
    
    
    }
    
    
    ]
    
    
    }
    

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11. (SBQI2-͸ΫϥΠΞϯτͷมԽʹॊೈ
    w ͻͱͭͷը໘ʹඞཁͳσʔλΛϦΫΤετͰऔಘͰ͖Δͷ͕ཧ૝ͱ͢Δͱ
    w ը໘ͷදࣔཁૉΛม͑Δ౓ʹ"1*Λม͑Δͷ͸ͭΒ͍
    w ͢Ͱʹ࢖͍ͬͯͳ͍ϑΟʔϧυΛޓ׵ੑͷͨΊʹ࢒ͨ͠Γ͢Δ
    w 8FCϑϩϯτΤϯυ͚ͩͩͱ؇࿨͞ΕΔ
    w ωΠςΟϒΞϓϦ͸ݹ͍όʔδϣϯ͕࢒Γଓ͚Δ৔߹͕ଟ͍
    

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12. (SBQI2-ͱ͸
    8FC"1*ͷͨΊͷΫΤϦݴޠ
    w ݱ୅తͳΫϥΠΞϯταΠυͷ։ൃʹదԠ͍ͯ͠Δ
    w 3&45తͳΞϓϩʔνͰ͸ղܾ͠ʹ͍͘՝୊Λղܾ͢Δ
    w ΦʔόʔϑΣονϯάΛ๷͛Δ
    w ϦΫΤετ਺ΛݮΒͤΔ
    w ΫϥΠΞϯτͷมԽʹରͯ͠ॊೈ
    w ͍͔ʹ΋Αͦ͞͏Ͱ͢Ͷʂ
    

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13. (SBQI2-ͷجຊ
    

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14. (SBQI2-ͷͭͷΦϖϨʔγϣϯ
    w 2VFSZ
    w Ϧιʔεͷऔಘɻ(&5ʹ૬౰
    w .VUBUJPO
    w Ϧιʔεͷมߋɻ1045165%&-&5&ʹ૬౰
    w 4VCTDSJQUJPO
    w Ϧιʔεͷߪಡɻ8FC4PDLFUͳͲΛ࢖͏ɻࠓճ͸ׂѪ
    

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15. ΦϖϨʔγϣϯͷॻࣜ
    লུͰ͖Δ෦෼΋͋Δ
    query {
    
    
    post(id: "1") {
    
    
    title
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    

    query GetPost {
    
    
    post(id: "1") {
    
    
    title
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    

    query GetPost($id: ID!) {
    
    
    post(id: $id) {
    
    
    title
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    

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16. ΦϖϨʔγϣϯͷॻࣜ
    w RVFSZNVUBUJPOTVCTDSJQUJPO
    w ΦϖϨʔγϣϯ໊
    w ม਺
    w ϑΟʔϧυͷબ୒
    w ύϥϝʔλΛऔΕΔ
    query GetPost($id: ID!) {
    
    
    post(id: $id) {
    
    
    title
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    

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17. (SBQI2-ͷεΩʔϚ
    4%- 4DIFNB%F
    fi
    OJUJPO-BOHVBHF
    
    type Query {
    
    
    #
    ...
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Mutation {
    
    
    #
    ...
    
    
    }
    
    
    schema {
    
    
    query: Query
    
    
    mutation: Mutation
    
    
    }
    

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18. (SBQI2-ͷܕ
    w εΧϥܕ
    w /PO/VMMܕ
    w Ϧετܕ
    w ྻڍܕ
    

    w ΦϒδΣΫτܕ
    w Πϯϓοτܕ
    w ϢχΦϯܕ
    w ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε
    

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19. εΧϥܕ
    w *OUŠූ߸෇͖Ϗοτ੔਺
    w 'MPBUŠഒਫ਼౓ුಈখ਺఺਺
    w 4USJOHŠ65'จࣈྻɻೋॏҾ༻ූͰғ͏
    w #PPMFBOŠਅِ஋ɻUSVFGBMTF
    w *%ŠϢχʔΫͳࣝผࢠɻ࣮ଶ͸จࣈྻ
    w ಠࣗʹఆٛ͢Δ͜ͱ΋͋Δ
    

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20. /PO/VMMܕ
    w (SBQI2-ͷܕ͸σϑΥϧτͰOVMM஋Λڐ༰͢Δ
    w OVMM஋͕ೖΒͳ͍͜ͱΛ໌֬ʹ͢Δͷ͕/PO/VMMܕ
    w Λޙஔ͢Δͱ/PO/VMMܕʹͳΔ
    String # null஋Λڐ༰͢Δ
    
    
    String! # null஋Λڐ༰͠ͳ͍
    
    
    

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21. Ϧετܕ
    w εΫΤΞϒϥέοτͰғ͏
    w /PO/VMMܕͱͷ૊Έ߹Θͤʹ஫ҙ
    [Post]
    
    
    [Post]!
    
    
    [Post!]
    
    
    [Post!]!
    

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22. ྻڍܕ
    enum Order {
    
    
    ASC
    
    
    DESC
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Query {
    
    
    posts(order: Order = DESC): [Post!]!
    
    
    }
    

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23. ΦϒδΣΫτܕ
    type Author {
    
    
    name: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Post {
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    author: Author!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Query {
    
    
    posts: [Post!]!
    
    
    }
    

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24. Πϯϓοτܕ
    w ύϥϝʔλʹΦϒδΣΫτܕ͸࢖͑ͳ͍
    input CreatePostInput {
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    body: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Mutation {
    
    
    createPost(input: CreatePostInput!): Post!
    
    
    }
    

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25. ϢχΦϯܕ
    type Comment {
    
    
    text: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Trackback {
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    url: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    union Feedback = Comment | Trackback
    
    
    type Post {
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    feedbacks: [Feedback!]!
    
    
    }
    

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26. ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε
    interface Publication {
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    body: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Page implements Publication {
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    body: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Post implements Publication {
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    body: String!
    
    
    comments: [Comment!]!
    
    
    }
    

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27. σΟϨΫςΟϒ
    w εΩʔϚ΍ΦϖϨʔγϣϯʹϝλσʔλΛ͚ͭΒΕΔ
    directive @deprecated(
    
    
    reason: String = "No longer supported”
    
    
    ) on FIELD_DEFINITION | ENUM_VALUE
    
    
    type Query {
    
    
    posts: [Post!]! @deprecated
    
    
    }
    

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28. (SBQI2-ͷجຊ
    w 2VFSZ.VUBUJPO4VCTDSJQUJPO͕͋Δ
    w ܕ͕͋Δ
    w εΩʔϚ͕ॻ͚Δ
    w ࢓༷͕ఆΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ
    w IUUQTTQFDHSBQIRMPSH0DUPCFS
    

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29. Τϥʔ͸ϨεϙϯεͷFSSPSTͰฦ͢
    ΤϥʔͷϑΥʔϚοτ͸࢓༷ͰఆΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ
    {
    
    
    "data": null,
    
    
    "errors": [
    
    
    {
    
    
    "message": "body could not be fetched",
    
    
    "locations": [
    
    
    { "line": 4, "column": 4 }
    
    
    ],
    
    
    "path": ["post", "body"]
    
    
    }
    
    
    ]
    
    
    }
    

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30. (SBQI2-PWFS)551
    HJUIVCDPNHSBQIRMHSBQIRMPWFSIUUQ
    w (SBQI2-"1*Λ)551Ͱఏڙ͢Δඪ४తͳ࢓༷͕ࡦఆத
    w ୯ҰͷΤϯυϙΠϯτʢయܕతʹ͸/graphqlʣͰ"1*Λఏڙ
    w GET΋͘͠͸POST
    {
    
    
    "query": "",
    
    
    "operationName": "",
    
    
    "variables": {}
    
    
    }
    

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31. (SBQI2-ͷઃܭ
    

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32. εΩʔϚઃܭ
    w ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷυϝΠϯʹ߹Θͤͨઃܭ͕ඞཁ
    w 3&45Ͱ͸Ϧιʔεʹରͯ͠$36%ૢ࡞Λఆٛ͢Δͷ͕جຊ
    w (SBQI2-Ͱ΋ͦΕ͸ಉ͚ͩ͡Ͳɺ೉͘͠ײ͡Δͱࢥ͏
    w ࢓༷ͱͯ͠ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍͕ఆੴ͕͋Δ
    w ఆੴʹै͏ͱΫϥΠΞϯτʹͱͬͯ౎߹͕͍͍
    

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33. Ϧιʔεͷൃݟ
    w Ϧιʔεͷൃݟ͕ελʔτ஍఺
    w 3&45ͱಉ͡
    w Ϧιʔε͸ΦϒδΣΫτܕͰදݱ
    w αʔόʔͷ಺෦࣮૷ͱ෼͚ͯߟ͑Δ
    w υϝΠϯϞσϧʹै͏
    type Blog {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    name: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Post {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    body: String!
    
    
    }
    

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34. άϥϑߏ଄Λ࡞Δ
    ؔ࿈͢ΔϦιʔεΛϑΟʔϧυͰḷΕΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ
    type Author {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    name: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Post {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    authorId: ID!
    
    
    }
    type Author {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    name: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Post {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    author: Author!
    
    
    }
    

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35. άϥϑߏ଄Λ࡞Δ
    ؔ࿈͢ΔϦιʔεΛϑΟʔϧυͰḷΕΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ
    type Query {
    
    
    posts(
    
    
    blogId: ID!,
    
    
    page: Int!
    
    
    ): [Post!]!
    
    
    }
    type Blog {
    
    
    posts(page: Int!): [Post!]!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Query {
    
    
    blog(id: ID!): Blog!
    
    
    }
    

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36. (SBQI2-ͷػೳΛ׆͔͢
    w ྻڍܕ͕࢖͑Δͱ͜ΖͰ͸ੵۃతʹ࢖͏
    w ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε΍ϢχΦϯܕ͕͏·͘࢖͑Δͱ͜Ζ͕͋Ε͹࢖͏
    w /PO/VMMܕʹ͢΂͖ͱ͜ΖΛܾΊΔ
    

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37. ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ࢖ͬͨઃܭ
    6($αΠτͰϢʔβʔΛෳ਺ͷܕͰදݱͨ͠ࣄྫ
    w ΞΫηε͖͍ͯͯ͠Δਓ͸7JTJUPSܕ
    w ౤ߘऀ͸6TFSܕ
    w ͲͪΒ΋"VUIPSΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ࣮૷
    w 8PSLܕͷBVUIPSϑΟʔϧυ͸"VUIPSΛฦ͢
    w ࣗ෼ͷ࡞඼ͳΒ7JTJUPSܕʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ
    

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38. /PO/VMMܕΛͲΕ͘Β͍࢖͏΂͖͔
    ;ͨͭͷελϯε͕͋Δ
    w ՄೳͳݶΓ/PO/VMMܕΛ࢖͏
    w υϝΠϯϞσϧʹ߹Θͤͯ/PO/VMMܕΛͪΌΜͱ࢖͏
    w OVMMΛڐ͢ͷ͸υϝΠϯϞσϧ্OVMM͕ҙຯΛ࣋ͭ৔߹͚ͩ
    w ཁॴཁॴͰOVMMΛڐ༰͢Δ
    w ෼ࢄγεςϜͷҰ෦͕ো֐Λى͍ͯ͜͠Δͱ͖ʹඋ͑Δ
    w શମΛΤϥʔʹ͢ΔΑΓҰ෦ΛOVMMʹͯ͠ฦ͢
    

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39. 7JFXFS
    (SBQI2-ʹΞΫηε͖ͯͨ͠ར༻ऀΛࢦ͢γϣʔτΧοτ
    w ༻ҙ͓ͯ͘͠ͱศར
    w ΫϥΠΞϯτϥΠϒϥϦʹΑͬͯ͸
    w Query.viewerΛಛผѻ͍͢Δ
    type Viewer {
    
    
    name: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Query {
    
    
    viewer: Viewer
    
    
    }
    

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40. /PEFΠϯλʔϑΣʔε
    ࠶औಘՄೳͳϦιʔε
    w JEͰࣝผՄೳͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛظ଴
    w άϩʔόϧʹҰҙ
    w *Eͷ஋ͰΫΤϦͰ͖Δ
    w ΫϥΠΞϯτϥΠϒϥϦʹΑͬͯ͸
    w JEΛ࢖ͬͯΩϟογϡΛਖ਼نԽ͢Δ
    interface Node {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Query {
    
    
    node(id: ID!): Node
    
    
    }
    

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41. ࠶औಘ͕ͳͥॏཁͳͷ͔
    ҰཡͱύʔϚϦϯΫ
    w ҰཡͰ͸λΠτϧ͚ͩΛදࣔ
    w ύʔϚϦϯΫͰ͸ຊจ΋දࣔ
    w JE͕͋Ε͹࠶औಘͰ͖Δ
    query GetPostList {
    
    
    posts {
    
    
    id
    
    
    title
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    
    
    query GetPost($id: ID!) {
    
    
    post(id: $id) {
    
    
    id
    
    
    title
    
    
    body
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    

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42. ࠶औಘ͕ͳͥॏཁͳͷ͔
    ϖʔδωʔγϣϯ
    w ϖʔδ໨Ҏ߱Λऔಘ͢Δͱ͖ type Blog {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    posts(page: Int!): [Post!]!
    
    
    }
    
    
    query {
    
    
    blog(id: "1") {
    
    
    id
    
    
    posts(page: 1) {
    
    
    id
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    

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43. /PEFΠϯλʔϑΣʔε
    ࠶औಘՄೳͳϦιʔεΛҰൠԽͨ͠΋ͷ
    w 3FMBZ༝དྷ
    w ύʔϚϦϯΫΛ࣋ͭΑ͏ͳϦιʔε
    w JEͷ஋͸యܕతʹ͸
    w CBTF ܕ໊ϓϥΠϚϦΩʔ
    
    w αʔόʔͰ͸ܕ໊ͰॲཧΛ෼͚Δ
    w ΫϥΠΞϯτ͸PQBRVFʹѻ͏
    interface Node {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Post implements Node {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    }
    

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44. $POOFDUJPO
    ϖʔδωʔγϣϯͷந৅Խ
    w 3FMBZ༝དྷ
    w ΧʔιϧΛ࢖ͬͨϖʔδωʔγϣϯ
    w ΫϥΠΞϯτϥΠϒϥϦʹΑͬͯ͸
    w ࣗಈతʹϖʔδωʔγϣϯͰ͖Δ
    type PageInfo {
    
    
    hasNextPage: Boolean!
    
    
    hasPreviousPage: Boolean!
    
    
    startCursor: String
    
    
    endCursor: String
    
    
    }
    
    
    type PostEdge {
    
    
    cursor: String!
    
    
    node: Post!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type PostConnection {
    
    
    pageInfo: PageInfo!
    
    
    edges: [PostEdge!]!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Blog {
    
    
    posts(first: Int!, after: String): PostConnection!
    
    
    }
    

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45. ϖʔδωʔγϣϯ
    w جຊ͸Χʔιϧϕʔεͷϖʔδωʔγϣϯ
    w ϖʔδωʔγϣϯ͢ΔϑΟʔϧυΛ࣋ͭΦϒδΣΫτ͕࠶औಘՄೳ͔͕ॏཁ
    w 2VFSZɺ7JFXFSɺ/PEF
    w ͳΜͰ΋ϖʔδωʔγϣϯ͠ͳ͍͍ͯ͘
    w ཁૉ͕ݸఔ౓ʹऩ·Δͱܾ·͍ͬͯͨΒϦετܕΛબͿ
    

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46. 3FMBZͷ(SBQI2-4FSWFS4QFDJGJDBUJPO
    $POWFOUJPOPWFS$PO
    fi
    HVSBUJPO
    w 3FMBZ͸'BDFCPPL੡ͷ(SBQI2-ΫϥΠΞϯτϥΠϒϥϦ
    w αʔόʔʹ௥Ճͷ࢓༷Λཁٻ͢Δ
    w ΦϒδΣΫτͷ࠶औಘŠ/PEF
    w ϖʔδωʔγϣϯŠ$POOFDUJPO
    w 3FMBZΛ࢖Θͳ͍ͳΒै͏ඞཁ͸ͳ͍͕ɺ฿͓͍ͬͯͯଛ͸ͳ͍
    w ͍ͣΕ΋Ұൠతͳ՝୊ͳͷͰ
    

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47. .VUBUJPO͸Ϧιʔεͷ$6%͔Β͸͡ΊΔ
    w DSFBUF3FTPVSDF
    w VQEBUF3FTPVSDF
    w EFMFUF3FTPVSDF
    w ҙຯ͝ͱʹ෼ׂͯ͠΋͍͍
    w େ͖͘ͳΓ͗͢ͳ͍Α͏ʹ
    type Mutation {
    
    
    createPost(
    
    
    input: PostInput!): Post!
    
    
    updatePost(
    
    
    id: ID!,
    
    
    input: PostInput!): Post!
    
    
    deletePost(id: ID!): ID!
    
    
    createDraftPost(
    
    
    input: PostInput!): Post!
    
    
    publishPost(id: ID!): Post!
    
    
    }
    

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48. .VUBUJPOͷύϥϝʔλͱ໭Γ஋
    w ύϥϝʔλ͸ΠϯϓοτܕΛ࢖͏
    w ࣅͨߏ଄ʹͳΔͳΒڞ༗͢Δ
    w ฦΓ஋͸/PEF͔*%Λ࢖͏
    w DSFBUFͱVQEBUFͰ͸/PEFΛฦ͢
    w EFMFUFͰ͸*%Λฦ͢
    input PostInput {
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    body: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Mutation {
    
    
    createPost(
    
    
    input: PostInput!): Post!
    
    
    updatePost(
    
    
    id: ID!,
    
    
    input: PostInput!): Post!
    
    
    deletePost(id: ID!): ID!
    
    
    }
    

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49. (SBQI2-ͷεΩʔϚઃܭ
    w ઌਓͷ஌ܙʹֶͿ
    w ఆੴʹै͏
    w (JU)VCͷ(SBQI2-"1*ͳͲΛࢀߟʹ͢Δ
    w IUUQTHJUIVCDPN4IPQJGZHSBQIRMEFTJHOUVUPSJBM
    w ࠷ऴతʹ͸໨తΛୡ੒Ͱ͖Δ͔͕Ұ൪ॏཁ
    w ΫϥΠΞϯτʹͱͬͯ౎߹ͷ͍͍"1*͕͍͍"1*
    

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50. $PEFGJSTU͔4DIFNBGJSTU͔
    

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51. ίʔυϑΝʔετͱεΩʔϚϑΝʔετ
    (SBQI2-εΩʔϚͷ4PVSDFPG5SVUI͕Ͳ͔͜
    w (SBQI2-"1*Λ࡞Δͱ͖ʹ࠷ॳʹ൑அ͢Δ͜ͱ
    w ϥΠϒϥϦʹΑͬͯҧ͏
    w ίʔυʹΑͬͯεΩʔϚ͕ܾ·ΔͳΒίʔυϑΝʔετ
    w HSBQIRMSVCZ͸جຊతʹ͸ͬͪ͜
    w εΩʔϚΛ࡞ͬͯͦΕʹ߹ΘͤͯίʔυΛॻ͘ͳΒεΩʔϚϑΝʔετ
    

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52. ίʔυϑΝʔετͷ͍͍ͱ͜Ζ
    w ίʔυͱεΩʔϚͷରԠ͕औΓ΍͍͢
    w ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͷػೳΛ׆͔͠΍͍͢
    w ίʔυͷ࠶ར༻
    w ϞδϡʔϧԽ
    

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53. εΩʔϚϑΝʔετͷ͍͍ͱ͜Ζ
    w εΩʔϚத৺ʹͳΔ
    w εΩʔϚʹ͍ͭͯٞ࿦͠΍͍͢
    w ҙਤͤͣඇޓ׵ͳมߋΛߦ͏ͷΛ๷͛Δ
    

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54. ίʔυϑΝʔετ͔εΩʔϚϑΝʔετ͔
    ݁ہͲͪΒ͕͍͍ͷ͔
    w εΩʔϚϑΝʔετͷํ͕ࣗવͳϑϩʔͰ͸͋Δ
    w εΩʔϚϑΝʔετ͕ྲྀߦ͕ͬͨίʔυϑΝʔετ΁ͷ༳Γ໭͕͋͠Δ
    w ͓͢͢Ί͸
    w εΩʔϚ͔Βίʔυੜ੒͢ΔʢHRMHFOͳͲʣ
    w ίʔυ͔ΒεΩʔϚΛੜ੒ͯ͠ίϛοτ͢Δ
    w ͍ͣΕʹͯ͠΋εΩʔϚʹ͍ͭͯαʔόʔɾΫϥΠΞϯτؒͷٞ࿦͕ॏཁ
    

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55. ίʔυϑΝʔετͰεΩʔϚΛग़ྗ͢Δ
    w εΩʔϚΛμϯϓ͢Δ
    w εΩʔϚ͸ϦϙδτϦʹೖΕΔ
    w εΩʔϚͷมߋ͸ϨϏϡʔ͢Δ
    w ࠷৽ͷεΩʔϚ͕ग़ྗ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔͸ςετͰ୲อ
    w IUUQTHSBQIRMSVCZPSHUFTUJOHTDIFNB@TUSVDUVSFIUNM
    # lib/tasks/graphql.rake
    
    
    task dump_schema: :environment do
    
    
    schema_defn = GraphqlRubyExerciseSchema.to_definition
    
    
    schema_path = "app/graphql/schema.graphql"
    
    
    File.write(Rails.root.join(schema_path), schema_defn)
    
    
    puts "Updated
    #{
    schema_path}"
    
    
    end
    

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56. (SBQI2-"1*Λ࣮૷͢Δ
    

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57. (SBQI2-"1*ͷ࣮૷
    w HSBQIRMSVCZΛ࢖͏
    w ϥΠϒϥϦͷυΩϡϝϯτʹै͏
    

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58. ͻͱ·ͣΦϒδΣΫτܕΛ࡞Δ
    w ΦϒδΣΫτͱϑΟʔϧυ͕ॏཁ
    w %#্ͷߏ଄ʹ߹ΘͤΔඞཁ͸ͳ͍
    w HSBQIRMSVCZͰ͸
    $ rails g graphql:object Model
    
    
    w "DUJWF3FDPSEͷϞσϧͷ৘ใ͕ࣗಈతʹ࢖ΘΕΔ
    w ϛεϦʔσΟϯάͰ͸͋Δ
    module Types
    
    
    class UserType < Types
    ::
    BaseObject
    
    
    field :name, String, null: false
    
    
    end
    
    
    end
    

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59. جຊతʹ͸ϦκϧόΛॻ͚͹͍͍
    Ϧκϧό˺ίϯτϩʔϥ
    w ϑΟʔϧυΛղܾ͢Δͷ͕Ϧκϧό
    w (SBQI2-ʹಛ༗ͷॲཧΛॻ͘
    w HSBQIRMSVCZͰ͸
    w ϑΟʔϧυͱಉ໊ͷϝιου
    module Types
    
    
    class QueryType < Types
    ::
    BaseObject
    
    
    include GraphQL
    ::
    Types
    ::
    Relay
    : :
    HasNodeField
    
    
    include GraphQL
    ::
    Types
    ::
    Relay
    : :
    HasNodesField
    
    
    field :all_blogs, BlogType.connection_type
    
    
    def all_blogs
    
    
    Blog.all.order(id: :desc)
    
    
    end
    
    
    end
    
    
    end
    

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60. Ϧκϧό͸ωετ͢Δ
    w ϦκϧόͰಘΒΕͨΦϒδΣΫτ͕
    

    ·ͨϦκϧόΛ࣋ͭ
    w 2VFSZˠ#MPHˠ1PTU
    w ศར
    w /໰୊ͷԹচʜʜ
    module Types
    
    
    class BlogType < Types
    ::
    BaseObject
    
    
    implements GraphQL
    ::
    Types
    :
    :
    Relay
    ::
    Node
    
    
    global_id_field :id
    
    
    field :owner, UserType, null: false
    
    
    def owner
    
    
    object.owner
    
    
    end
    
    
    field :name, String, null: false
    
    
    field :posts, PostType.connection_type do
    
    
    end
    
    
    def posts
    
    
    object.posts.order(datetime: :desc)
    
    
    end
    
    
    end
    
    
    end
    

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61. ϦκϧόΛॻ͘ͱ͖ͷࢦ਑
    w ΫΤϦͷϦκϧό͸ݺͼग़͞ΕΔॱং͕ෆఆͰ͋ΔલఏΛஔ͘
    w ϥΠϒϥϦʹΑͬͯ͸ฒྻʹ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ
    w ෭࡞༻͕ͳ͍Α͏ʹ
    w ϛϡʔςʔγϣϯ͸ॻ͍ͨॱʹ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔͷͰؾʹ͠ͳ͍
    w ϦκϧόʹϏδωεϩδοΫΛॻ͔ͳ͍
    w ϏδωεϩδοΫ͸Ϟσϧʹॻ͘
    

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62. ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε΍ϢχΦϯΛฦ͢ͱ͖͸஫ҙ
    ΦϒδΣΫτͱܕͷରԠΛࣔ͢ඞཁ͕͋Δ
    w ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͱͯ͠ฦ͢ͱ͖
    

    ࣮ࡍʹ͸Ͳͷܕ͔ϥΠϒϥϦʹ఻͑Δ
    w HSBQIRMSVCZͰ͸
    w Schema.resolve_type
    def self.resolve_type(abstract_type, obj, ctx)
    
    
    case obj
    
    
    when User
    
    
    Types
    ::
    UserType
    
    
    when Blog
    
    
    Types
    ::
    BlogType
    
    
    when Post
    
    
    Types
    ::
    PostType
    
    
    else
    
    
    raise(GraphQL
    ::
    RequiredImplementationMissingError)
    
    
    end
    
    
    end
    

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63. 3FMBZʹରԠͤ͞Δ
    HSBQIRMSVCZ͕͍͍ͩͨ΍ͬͯ͘ΕΔ
    $ rails generate \
    
    
    graphql:install
    - -
    relay
    
    
    w (MPCBM*%Λར༻ͨ͠/PEFͷ࣮૷
    def self.id_from_object(object, type_definition, query_ctx)
    
    
    object_id = object.to_global_id.to_s
    
    
    object_id = object_id.sub("gid:
    //#{
    GlobalID.app}/", "")
    
    
    encoded_id = Base64.urlsafe_encode64(object_id)
    
    
    encoded_id = encoded_id.sub(
    /=
    +/, "")
    
    
    type_hint = type_definition.graphql_name.first
    
    
    "
    #{
    type_hint}_
    # {
    encoded_id}"
    
    
    end
    
    
    def self.object_from_id(encoded_id_with_hint, query_ctx)
    
    
    _type_hint, encoded_id = encoded_id_with_hint.split("_", 2)
    
    
    id = Base64.urlsafe_decode64(encoded_id)
    
    
    full_global_id = "gid:
    //#{
    GlobalID.app}/
    #{
    id}"
    
    
    GlobalID
    ::
    Locator.locate(full_global_id)
    
    
    end
    

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64. 3FMBZʹରԠͤ͞Δ
    /PEFΠϯλʔϑΣʔε
    • GraphQL
    ::
    Types
    ::
    Relay
    :
    :
    Node
    
    
    w HMPCBM@JE@
    fi
    FMEΛࢦఆ
    module Types
    
    
    class UserType < Types
    ::
    BaseObject
    
    
    implements GraphQL
    ::
    Types
    ::
    Relay
    ::
    Node
    
    
    global_id_field :id
    
    
    field :name, String, null: false
    
    
    end
    
    
    end
    

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65. 3FMBZʹରԠͤ͞Δ
    $POOFDUJPO
    w connection_type
    w ಺෦తʹP
    ff
    TFUϕʔεʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ
    module Types
    
    
    class QueryType < Types
    ::
    BaseObject
    
    
    field :all_blogs, BlogType.connection_type
    
    
    def all_blogs
    
    
    Blog.all.order(id: :desc)
    
    
    end
    
    
    end
    
    
    end
    

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66. ίϯςΩετΛ࢖͏
    ϦΫΤετʹඥ͍ͮͨσʔλ͸ίϯςΩετʹ֨ೲ͢Δ
    w ϩάΠϯϢʔβʔͳͲ
    w ΫΤϦΛ࣮ߦ͢ΔίϯτϩʔϥʔͰ
    

    ίϯςΩετΛ࡞Δ
    def execute
    
    
    variables = prepare_variables(params[:variables])
    
    
    query = params[:query]
    
    
    operation_name = params[:operationName]
    
    
    context = {
    
    
    # Query context goes here, for example:
    
    
    # current_user: current_user,
    
    
    }
    
    
    result = GraphqlRubyExerciseSchema.execute(
    
    
    query,
    
    
    variables: variables,
    
    
    context: context,
    
    
    operation_name: operation_name
    
    
    )
    
    
    render json: result
    
    
    rescue StandardError
    = >
    e
    
    
    raise e unless Rails.env.development?
    
    
    handle_error_in_development(e)
    
    
    end
    

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67. (SBQIJ2-Λ࢖͏
    (SBQI2-*%&
    $ rails generate graphql:install
    
    
    w HSBQIRMSVCZͰ͸
    w /graphiqlʹࣗಈͰηοτΞοϓ͞ΕΔ
    w 3BJMT͕"1*Ϟʔυͷ৔߹͸ηοτΞοϓ͞Εͳ͍
    w ผʹ༻ҙ͢Δͱศར
    

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68. (SBQI2-"1*࣮૷্ͷཹҙ఺
    

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69. /໰୊
    w BVUIPSͷϦκϧόΛφΠʔϒʹ࣮૷
    w 1PTUͷ਺͚ͩ4&-&$5
    SELECT
    
    
    *
    
    
    FROM
    
    
    author
    
    
    WHERE
    
    
    id = ?;
    type Author {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    name: String!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Post {
    
    
    id: ID!
    
    
    title: String!
    
    
    author: Author!
    
    
    }
    
    
    type Query {
    
    
    allPosts(first: Int!, after: String):
    
    
    PostConnection!
    
    
    }
    

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70. /໰୊ରࡦ
    σʔλϩʔμʔΛ࢖͏
    w ಡΈࠐΈΛ஗Ԇͤ͞Δ࢓૊Έ
    SELECT
    
    
    *
    
    
    FROM
    
    
    author
    
    
    WHERE
    
    
    id IN (?, ?, ?);
    
    
    w HSBQIRMSVCZͰ͸
    w GraphQL
    ::
    DataloaderΛ࢖͏
    class Sources
    : :
    ActiveRecordObject < GraphQL
    :
    :
    Dataloader
    ::
    Source
    
    
    def initialize(model_class)
    
    
    @model_class = model_class
    
    
    end
    
    
    def fetch(ids)
    
    
    records = @model_class.where(id: ids)
    
    
    ids.map { |id| records.find { |r| r.id
    =
    =
    id.to_i } }
    
    
    end
    
    
    end
    
    
    field :author, UserType, null: false
    
    
    def author
    
    
    dataloader
    
    
    .with(Sources
    ::
    ActiveRecordObject,
    ::
    User)
    
    
    .load(object.author_id)
    
    
    end
    

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71. %P4߈ܸ
    w ෳࡶͳΫΤϦͰ%P4߈ܸͰ͖Δ
    w ಛʹ࠶ؼతͳεΩʔϚͰ͸༰қ
    w #MPHˠ1PTUˠ#MPHˠ1PTUˠʜ
    query {
    
    
    blog(id: "1") {
    
    
    posts(first: 100) {
    
    
    edges {
    
    
    node {
    
    
    blog {
    
    
    posts(first: 100) {
    
    
    edges {
    
    
    node {
    
    
    . .
    .
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    
    
    }
    

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72. %P4߈ܸରࡦ
    ΫΤϦ౰ͨΓͷॲཧྔΛ੍໿͢Δ
    w λΠϜΞ΢τͤ͞Δʢuse GraphQL
    :
    :
    Schema
    : :
    Timeout, max_seconds: 2ʣ
    w ΫΤϦͷ"45ͷ࣌఺Ͱ੍໿
    w ਂ੍͞ݶʢmax_depth 10ʣ
    w ෳࡶ͞Ͱ੍ݶʢmax_complexity 100ʣ
    w Ϩʔτ੍ݶ
    w (JU)VC͸࣌ؒ౰ͨΓͷෳࡶ͞ͷείΞͰ੍ݶ͍ͯ͠Δ
    

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73. ඇެ։"1*ͳΒ
    ΫϥΠΞϯτͷ։ൃऀ͕ΠϯαΠμʔʹݶΒΕΔͳΒ
    w ϓϩμΫγϣϯͰ͸*OTUSPTQFDUJPOΛ௵͢
    w 1FSTJTUFE2VFSZΛ࢖͏
    

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74. ϓϩμΫγϣϯͰ͸*OUSPTQFDUJPOΛ௵͢
    εΩʔϚ৘ใΛ஌ΒΕʹ͘͘͢Δ
    w *OUSPTQFDUJPO͸(SBQI2-ͷεΩʔϚ৘ใΛऔಘ͢ΔಛผͳΫΤϦ
    w ࢓༷ͰఆΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ
    w ֎෦͔ΒεΩʔϚ৘ใ͕ಘΒΕΔʢ(SBQIJ2-ͳͲͰ׆༻͞ΕΔʣ
    w ϓϩμΫγϣϯ؀ڥͰ͸*OUSPTQFDUJPOͰ͖ͳ͓ͯ͘͘͠
    • disable_introspection_entry_points if Rails.env.production?
    
    
    w εΩʔϚ৘ใ͕ਪଌͰ͖ͳ͘ͳΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍͜ͱʹ஫ҙ
    

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75. 1FSTJTUFE2VFSZΛ࢖͏
    ҙਤ͠ͳ͍ΫΤϦΛड͚෇͚ͳ͍
    w ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ૹ৴͢ΔΫΤϦΛϋογϡ஋ͱ૊Ͱαʔόʔʹొ࿥͓ͯ͘͠
    w ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Β͸࣮ࡍͷΫΤϦͷ୅ΘΓʹϋογϡ஋ΛૹΔ
    w ΫΤϦͷ಺༰Λ஌ΒΕͣʹࡁΉ
    w ࣄલʹొ࿥͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ΫΤϦΛ๷͛Δ
    • GraphQL
    ::
    Pro
    : :
    OperationStore
    
    
    w ΫϥΠΞϯτϥΠϒϥϦͷ΄ͱΜͲ͕ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ
    

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76. ΦϒβʔόϏϦςΟͷ௿Լ
    w (SBQI2-͸୯ҰͷΤϯυϙΠϯτΛ࢖͏
    w POST /graphql
    
    
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77. ΦϒβʔόϏϦςΟΛ֬อ͢Δ
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78. ஗͗͢Δ(SBQI2-"1*ࣄ݅
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    w +*5ίϯύΠϧͰ͖ͨΒ଎͘ͳΓͦ͏ʁ
    

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79. ·ͱΊ
    

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80. (SBQI2-
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    w ϦονͳΫϥΠΞϯτ޲͚ͷ8FC"1*ʹ͸ͦΕ͚ͩͷ͜ͱ͕ඞཁ
    w 8FC"1*ʹඞཁͳϓϥΫςΟε͕͢΂ͯ٧·͍ͬͯΔ
    w ͭ·Γʜ
    w (SBQI2-͸Ϩʔϧ
    w HSBQIRMSVCZ͸Α͘Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ
    

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