Android Internals for Developers

My talk from 360AnDev (https://360andev.com/sessions/android-internals/)

Transcript

1. Android Internals for Developers Effie Barak (@CodingChick)
3. Android is based on Linux
4. Basic Android Architecture
6. Kernel
8. a process is an instance of a computer program that is being executed -Wikipedia
9. Kernel
10. Kernel 1. OOM Killer
13. Kernel 1. OOM Killer 2. Wakelocks
18. Init
19. Init 4 First user space process 4 The root of all other processes 4 Spawns everything else
21. Zygote
22. Zygote
23. fork() and exec()
25. Processes and UIDs
27. Binder IPC
28. ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager) MyApplication.getInstance().getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE); NetworkInfo info = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
29. public class ConnectivityManager { private final IConnectivityManager mService; ... public NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo() { try { return mService.getActiveNetworkInfo(); } catch (RemoteException e) { throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer(); } } ... }
30. interface IConnectivityManager { Network getActiveNetwork(); Network getActiveNetworkForUid(int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked); NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo(); NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfoForUid(int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked); NetworkInfo getNetworkInfo(int networkType); NetworkInfo getNetworkInfoForUid(in Network network, int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked); NetworkInfo[] getAllNetworkInfo(); Network getNetworkForType(int networkType); Network[] getAllNetworks(); NetworkCapabilities[] getDefaultNetworkCapabilitiesForUser(int userId); ... }
31. !
34. Binder public boolean transact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) protected boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) throws RemoteException {
35. AIDL tool 4 A bridge between the actual method and the transaction 4 Generates two parts- Proxy and Stub
36. IConnectivityManager.java- Proxy @Override public android.net.Network getActiveNetwork() throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.net.Network _result; try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_getActiveNetwork, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); if ((0!=_reply.readInt())) { _result = android.net.Network.CREATOR.createFromParcel(_reply); } else { _result = null; } } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } return _result; }
37. IConnectivityManager.java- Stub public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements android.net.IConnectivityManager { ... @Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException { switch (code) { ... case TRANSACTION_getActiveNetwork: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); android.net.Network _result = this.getActiveNetwork(); reply.writeNoException(); if ((_result!=null)) { reply.writeInt(1); _result.writeToParcel(reply, android.os.Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE); } else { reply.writeInt(0); } return true; } ...
38. public class ConnectivityService extends IConnectivityManager.Stub implements PendingIntent.OnFinished { ... @Override public NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo() { enforceAccessPermission(); final int uid = Binder.getCallingUid(); final NetworkState state = getUnfilteredActiveNetworkState(uid); filterNetworkStateForUid(state, uid, false); maybeLogBlockedNetworkInfo(state.networkInfo, uid); return state.networkInfo; } private Network getActiveNetworkForUidInternal(final int uid, boolean ignoreBlocked) { final int user = UserHandle.getUserId(uid); int vpnNetId = NETID_UNSET; synchronized (mVpns) { final Vpn vpn = mVpns.get(user); if (vpn != null && vpn.appliesToUid(uid)) vpnNetId = vpn.getNetId(); } NetworkAgentInfo nai; if (vpnNetId != NETID_UNSET) { synchronized (mNetworkForNetId) { nai = mNetworkForNetId.get(vpnNetId); } if (nai != null) return nai.network; } nai = getDefaultNetwork(); if (nai != null && isNetworkWithLinkPropertiesBlocked(nai.linkProperties, uid, ignoreBlocked)) { nai = null; } return nai != null ? nai.network : null; } }
39. NetworkInfo info = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
41. System server
43. Managers in system server 4 Activity Manager 4 Window manager 4 Package manager
44. Window Manager
45. Responsiblities 4 Keep track of window activities 4 Visibilty 4 Transitions and animations 4 Good UI experience 4 System level gestures
46. Package manager
47. Responsiblities 4 Installation of new applications 4 Resolving the correct activity 4 Creating a list of possible activites who can match a certain filter
48. Activities manager
49. Responsiblities 4 Managing applications (activities, services, content providers) 4 Managing lifecycles 4 Managing the actual user 4 Memory trimming, managing excessive power usage 4 Handling configuration changes
50. Managing applications 4 Stack 4 Task (process >= 1) 4 Activity
51. Processes and Activities
56. Managing Lifecycle 4 One Resumed app 4 Has surface/ visible 4 Thread priority/ cpu affinity 4 Gain or lose certain permissions 4 OOM adjustments
57. OOM Adjustments
64. oom_adj score: 4 applyOomAdjLocked and computeOomAdjLocked 4 AMS gets notified back and removes the Activities related
65. Starting a new activity
66. public final class ActivityManagerService ... { @Override public final int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId) { ... return mActivityStarter.startActivityMayWait(caller, -1, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, null, null, resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, null, null, bOptions, false, userId, null, null); } }
67. class ActivityStarter { final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller, int callingUid, String callingPackage, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, IActivityManager.WaitResult outResult, Configuration config, Bundle bOptions, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, int userId, IActivityContainer iContainer, TaskRecord inTask) { ... ResolveInfo rInfo = mSupervisor.resolveIntent(intent, resolvedType, userId); } }
68. 1. Find the correct activity public class PackageManagerService extends IPackageManager.Stub { // Explicit activity @Override public ActivityInfo getActivityInfo(ComponentName component, int flags, int userId) { ... } // Implicit activity @Override public ResolveInfo resolveIntent(Intent intent, String resolvedType, int flags, int userId) { ... } }
69. 2. Create a new ActivityRecord final int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent, Intent ephemeralIntent, String resolvedType, ActivityInfo aInfo, ResolveInfo rInfo, IVoiceInteractionSession voiceSession, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int callingPid, int callingUid, String callingPackage, int realCallingPid, int realCallingUid, int startFlags, ActivityOptions options, boolean ignoreTargetSecurity, boolean componentSpecified, ActivityRecord[] outActivity, ActivityStackSupervisor.ActivityContainer container, TaskRecord inTask) { ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, callerApp, callingUid, callingPackage, intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration, resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, componentSpecified, voiceSession != null, mSupervisor, container, options, sourceRecord); }
70. 3. Talk to Window Manager to do things mWindowManager.prepareAppTransition(newTask ? r.mLaunchTaskBehind ? TRANSIT_TASK_OPEN_BEHIND : TRANSIT_TASK_OPEN : TRANSIT_ACTIVITY_OPEN, keepCurTransition);
71. 4. Resume the top activity boolean resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) { if (mStackSupervisor.inResumeTopActivity) { ...
72. 5. Decide if we already have a process to use void startSpecificActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) { // Is this activity's application already running? ProcessRecord app = mService.getProcessRecordLocked(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo.uid, true); ...
73. 6. Create a new process if we don't private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, String hostingType, String hostingNameStr, String abiOverride, String entryPoint, String[] entryPointArgs) { ... Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = Process.start(entryPoint, app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal, app.info.targetSdkVersion, app.info.seinfo, requiredAbi, instructionSet, app.info.dataDir, entryPointArgs); ... }
74. 7. Start a new process with Zygote private static ProcessStartResult startViaZygote(final String processClass, final String niceName, final int uid, final int gid, final int[] gids, int debugFlags, int mountExternal, int targetSdkVersion, String seInfo, String abi, String instructionSet, String appDataDir, String[] extraArgs) throws ZygoteStartFailedEx { ... return zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi), argsForZygote); }
75. 8. When Zygote "calls back"- attach the correct activity private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread, int pid) { ... thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providers, app.instrumentationClass, profilerInfo, app.instrumentationArguments, app.instrumentationWatcher, app.instrumentationUiAutomationConnection, testMode, mBinderTransactionTrackingEnabled, enableTrackAllocation, isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.persistent, new Configuration(mConfiguration), app.compat, getCommonServicesLocked(app.isolated), mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked()); ...
76. Thanks and credits 4 Dave Smith 4 Tim Murray 4 Dianne Hackborn 4 Rob Carr