APIからFirebase Realtime Databaseへ - クライアントサイドから見るサーバーレスアーキテクチャー

2018/11/3 serverlessconf Tokyo
Firebase Realtime Database / Cloud Firestoreの話

Transcript

1. Replace API to Firebase Database
   - The view from client side
   Daiki Matsudate / @d_date
   2017/11/03 / Serverlessconf Tokyo 2017
   

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2. Daiki Matsudate
   iOS Mobile App Engineer
   @d_date
   

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3. Tokyo
   2018/3/1 - 3
   

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4. Firebase
   

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5. Firebase
   

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6. Cloud Messaging
   

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9. 31 Oct. at Amsterdam
   #FirebaseSummit
   

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10. • Prediction
    • A/B Testing
    • Integrate Crashlytics into Firebase
    #FirebaseSummit
    

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11. #FirebaseSummit
    

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12. Agenda
    • Firebase Realtime Database
    • Feature
    • Introduce to Mobile App
    • Architecture
    • Testing
    • ???
    

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13. Firebase Database
    

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14. • NoSQL cloud database
    • Realtime Data Sync with JSON Tree
    • Available data on offline
    Firebase Database
    

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15. Firebase Database
    

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16. Replace API to Realtime Database
    Case Study
    

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17. Replace API to Realtime Database
    API
    Client (Native App) Server
    

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18. Client (Native App) Server
    Firebase
    Database
    Replace API to Realtime Database
    

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19. Replace API to Realtime Database
    • use func observeSingleEvent(:_) in FirebaseDatabase
    

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20. Replace API to Realtime Database
    • Reduce building API man-hours
    • No more performance tunings
    • Easy to handle data in offline
    Purpose
    

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21. Client (Native App) Server
    Firebase
    Database
    Replace API to Realtime Database
    

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22. Client (Native App)
    Firebase
    Database
    Replace API to Realtime Database
    

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23. NoSQL
    

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24. NoSQL = Denormalization
    

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25. Denormalization in NoSQL
    {
    "users": {
    "user1": {
    "name": "Alice"
    },
    "user2": {
    "name": "Bob"
    }
    },
    "links": {
    "link1": {
    "title": "Example",
    "href": "http://example.org",
    "submitted": "user1"
    }
    },
    "comments": {
    "comment1": {
    "link": "link1",
    "body": "This is awesome!",
    "author": "user2"
    }
    }
    }
    

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26. Denormalization in NoSQL
    {
    "users": {
    "user1": {
    "name": "Alice"
    },
    "user2": {
    "name": "Bob"
    }
    },
    "links": {
    "link1": {
    "title": "Example",
    "href": "http://example.org",
    "submitted": "user1"
    }
    },
    "comments": {
    "comment1": {
    "link": "link1",
    "body": "This is awesome!",
    "author": "user2"
    }
    }
    }
    

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27. Denormalization in NoSQL
    {
    "users": {
    "user1": {
    "name": "Alice"
    },
    "user2": {
    "name": "Bob"
    }
    },
    "links": {
    "link1": {
    "title": "Example",
    "href": "http://example.org",
    "submitted": "user1"
    }
    },
    "comments": {
    "comment1": {
    "link": "link1",
    "body": "This is awesome!",
    "author": "user2"
    }
    }
    }
    Join data in client
    

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29. JOIN data in client in Swift
    self.ref.child("comments").observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { [weak self] (snapshot) in
    guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
    guard let comments = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    comments.forEach({ (key, value) in
    guard let comment = value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let linkKey: String = comment["link"] as! String // "link1"
    let authorKey: String = comment["author"] as! String // "user2"
    strongSelf.ref.child("links").child(linkKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let link = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let submittedKey: String = link["submitted"] as! String // "user1"
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(submittedKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with:
    { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Alice"
    print(name)
    })
    })
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(authorKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Bob”
    print(name)
    })
    })
    })
    

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30. Not Swifty!!
    self.ref.child("comments").observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { [weak self] (snapshot) in
    guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
    guard let comments = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    comments.forEach({ (key, value) in
    guard let comment = value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let linkKey: String = comment["link"] as! String // "link1"
    let authorKey: String = comment["author"] as! String // "user2"
    strongSelf.ref.child("links").child(linkKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let link = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let submittedKey: String = link["submitted"] as! String // "user1"
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(submittedKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with:
    { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Alice"
    print(name)
    })
    })
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(authorKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Bob”
    print(name)
    })
    })
    })
    “Stringly“ typed
    Pyramid of Death
    

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31. Easy to replace from API?
    self.ref.child("comments").observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { [weak self] (snapshot) in
    guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
    guard let comments = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    comments.forEach({ (key, value) in
    guard let comment = value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let linkKey: String = comment["link"] as! String // "link1"
    let authorKey: String = comment["author"] as! String // "user2"
    strongSelf.ref.child("links").child(linkKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let link = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let submittedKey: String = link["submitted"] as! String // "user1"
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(submittedKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with:
    { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Alice"
    print(name)
    })
    })
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(authorKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Bob”
    print(name)
    })
    })
    })
    Need reference of database
    

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33. To make friend with NoSQL in Swift
    

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34. To make friend with NoSQL in Swift
    • Re-Design Architecture
    
    • Introduce Reactive Programming
    

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35. Re-Design Architecture
    

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41. !Architecture → Ideal State
    "Ideal State → Architecture
    

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42. Ideal State
    • Data from Firebase ≠ Data in app -> Need translation
    • Easy to replace from API to Firebase
    -> I/F is same as API, then want to replace DAO
    

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43. Replaceable Data Access Object
    Entity
    Data Access
    to API
    Data Access
    Interface
    (Repository)
    Server
    

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44. Replaceable Data Access Object
    Entity
    Data Access
    to Firebase
    Data Access
    Interface
    (Repository)
    

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45. Translation
    Entity
    Data Access
    Interface
    Data Access
    to Firebase
    Interactor
    Model
    View
    

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46. Requirement for Architecture
    Entity
    Data Access
    Interface
    Data Access
    to Firebase
    Interactor
    Model
    View
    

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47. What is this architecture?
    Entity
    Data Access
    Interface
    Data Access
    to Firebase
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    

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49. How to resolve Pyramid of Death
    self.ref.child("comments").observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { [weak self] (snapshot) in
    guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
    guard let comments = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    comments.forEach({ (key, value) in
    guard let comment = value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let linkKey: String = comment["link"] as! String // "link1"
    let authorKey: String = comment["author"] as! String // "user2"
    strongSelf.ref.child("links").child(linkKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let link = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let submittedKey: String = link["submitted"] as! String // "user1"
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(submittedKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with:
    { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Alice"
    print(name)
    })
    })
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(authorKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Bob”
    print(name)
    })
    })
    })
    Pyramid of Death
    

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51. How to resolve Pyramid of Death
    self.ref.child("comments").observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { [weak self] (snapshot) in
    guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
    guard let comments = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    comments.forEach({ (key, value) in
    guard let comment = value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let linkKey: String = comment["link"] as! String // "link1"
    let authorKey: String = comment["author"] as! String // "user2"
    strongSelf.ref.child("links").child(linkKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let link = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let submittedKey: String = link["submitted"] as! String // "user1"
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(submittedKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with:
    { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Alice"
    print(name)
    })
    })
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(authorKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Bob”
    print(name)
    })
    })
    })
    

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52. protocol Entity: Codable {}
    struct UserEntity: Entity {
    let name: String
    }
    struct LinkEntity: Entity {
    let title: String
    let href: URL
    let submitted: String
    }
    struct CommentEntity: Entity {
    let link: String
    let body: String
    let author: String
    }
    Entity
    Entity
    Data Access
    Data
    Access
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    

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53. Data Access + RxSwift
    extension DatabaseReference {
    func get() -> Single {
    return Single.create(subscribe: { (observer) in
    self.observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let jsonObject = snapshot.value else {
    observer(.error(ProviderError.valueNotExist))
    return
    }
    do {
    let data = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: jsonObject)
    let entity = try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
    observer(.success(entity))
    } catch(let error) {
    observer(.error(error))
    }
    })
    return Disposables.create()
    })
    }
    }
    

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54. Data Access + RxSwift
    extension DatabaseReference {
    func get() -> Single {
    return Single.create(subscribe: { (observer) in
    self.observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let jsonObject = snapshot.value else {
    observer(.error(ProviderError.valueNotExist))
    return
    }
    do {
    let data = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: jsonObject)
    let entity = try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
    observer(.success(entity))
    } catch(let error) {
    observer(.error(error))
    }
    })
    return Disposables.create()
    })
    }
    }
    If value not exist,
    invoke error
    

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55. Data Access + RxSwift
    extension DatabaseReference {
    func get() -> Single {
    return Single.create(subscribe: { (observer) in
    self.observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let jsonObject = snapshot.value else {
    observer(.error(ProviderError.valueNotExist))
    return
    }
    do {
    let data = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: jsonObject)
    let entity = try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
    observer(.success(entity))
    } catch(let error) {
    observer(.error(error))
    }
    })
    return Disposables.create()
    })
    }
    }
    If fail to serialize JSON,
    invoke error
    

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56. Data Provider
    class DataProvider {
    static let shared = DataProvider()
    private init() {}
    lazy var ref: DatabaseReference = {
    return Database.database().reference()
    }()
    func getUser(key: String) -> Single {
    return ref.child("users").child(key).get()
    }
    func getLink(key: String) -> Single {
    return ref.child("links").child(key).get()
    }
    func getComments() -> Single {
    return ref.child("comments").get()
    }
    }
    

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57. Data Provider
    class DataProvider {
    static let shared = DataProvider()
    private init() {}
    lazy var ref: DatabaseReference = {
    return Database.database().reference()
    }()
    func getUser(key: String) -> Single {
    return ref.child("users").child(key).get()
    }
    func getLink(key: String) -> Single {
    return ref.child("links").child(key).get()
    }
    func getComments() -> Single {
    return ref.child("comments").get()
    }
    }
    Singleton in Swift
    

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58. Data Provider
    class DataProvider {
    static let shared = DataProvider()
    private init() {}
    lazy var ref: DatabaseReference = {
    return Database.database().reference()
    }()
    func getUser(key: String) -> Single {
    return ref.child("users").child(key).get()
    }
    func getLink(key: String) -> Single {
    return ref.child("links").child(key).get()
    }
    func getComments() -> Single {
    return ref.child("comments").get()
    }
    }
    Retain DatabaseReference
    

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59. Data Provider
    class DataProvider {
    static let shared = DataProvider()
    private init() {}
    lazy var ref: DatabaseReference = {
    return Database.database().reference()
    }()
    func getUser(key: String) -> Single {
    return ref.child("users").child(key).get()
    }
    func getLink(key: String) -> Single {
    return ref.child("links").child(key).get()
    }
    func getComments() -> Single {
    return ref.child("comments").get()
    }
    }
    Get Entity from Database,
    then return Single
    

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60. Data Access
    struct UserRepository {
    let dataStore: LinkDataStore
    func get(userId: String) -> Single {
    return dataStore.get(key: userId)
    }
    }
    struct UserDataStore {
    let provider = DataProvider.shared
    func get(key: String) -> Single {
    return provider.getUser(key: key)
    }
    }
    Entity
    Data Access
    Data
    Access
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    

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61. Data Access
    struct UserRepository {
    let dataStore: LinkDataStore
    func get(userId: String) -> Single {
    return dataStore.get(key: userId)
    }
    }
    struct UserDataStore {
    let provider = DataProvider.shared
    func get(key: String) -> Single {
    return provider.getUser(key: key)
    }
    }
    I/F for data access
    Implementation for data
    access
    Entity
    Data Access
    Data
    Access
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    

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62. Interactor (UseCase)
    struct UseCase {
    let commentsRepository: CommentRepository
    let usersRepository: UserRepository
    let linksRepository: LinkRepository
    func getComments() -> Single<[CommentModel]> {
    return commentsRepository.get()
    .map { (comment) -> [CommentModel] in
    let link = self.getLink(linkId: comment.link)
    let author = self.getUser(userId: comment.author)
    return Single<(LinkModel, UserModel)>.zip(link, author) {
    ($0, $1)
    }).map(translator: CommentTranslator())
    }
    }
    }
    Entity
    Data Access
    Data
    Access
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    

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63. Before
    self.ref.child("comments").observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { [weak self] (snapshot) in
    guard let strongSelf = self else { return }
    guard let comments = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    comments.forEach({ (key, value) in
    guard let comment = value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let linkKey: String = comment["link"] as! String // "link1"
    let authorKey: String = comment["author"] as! String // "user2"
    strongSelf.ref.child("links").child(linkKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let link = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let submittedKey: String = link["submitted"] as! String // "user1"
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(submittedKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with:
    { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Alice"
    print(name)
    })
    })
    strongSelf.ref.child("users").child(authorKey).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    guard let user = snapshot.value as? [String: Any] else { return }
    let name: String = user["name"] as! String // “Bob”
    print(name)
    })
    })
    })
    

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64. Presenter
    class Presenter {
    let useCase: UseCase
    init(useCase: UseCase) {
    self.useCase = useCase
    }
    func getComments() -> Single<[CommentModel]> {
    return useCase.getComments()
    }
    }
    Entity
    Data Access
    Data
    Access
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    

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65. View
    class ViewController: UIViewController {
    weak var presenter: Presenter!
    private let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
    func inject(presenter: Presenter) {
    self.presenter = presenter
    }
    override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    presenter.getComments()
    .subscribe(onSuccess: { (models) in
    //Handling model
    }, onError: { (error) in
    //Handling Error
    }).disposed(by: disposeBag)
    }
    }
    Entity
    Data Access
    Data
    Access
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    

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66. View
    class ViewController: UIViewController {
    weak var presenter: Presenter!
    private let disposeBag = DisposeBag()
    func inject(presenter: Presenter) {
    self.presenter = presenter
    }
    override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    presenter.getComments()
    .subscribe(onSuccess: { (models) in
    //Handling model
    }, onError: { (error) in
    //Handling Error
    }).disposed(by: disposeBag)
    }
    }
    Entity
    Data Access
    Data
    Access
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    Focus on UI Handling
    

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67. Side Effect
    

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68. Side Effect
    Entity
    Data Access
    Interface
    Data Access
    to Firebase
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    

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69. Side Effect - Easy Unit Testing
    Entity
    Data Access
    Interface
    Mock Object
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    Easy to replace
    

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70. class DatabaseReference {
    func get() -> Single {
    return Single.create(subscribe: { (observer) in
    guard let bundlePath = Bundle(for: type(of: self)).path(forResource: "Stub", ofType: "bundle") else {
    observer(.error(SerializeError.missingBundle))
    return Disposables.create()
    }
    let jsonName = String(describing: T.self)
    guard let path = Bundle(path: bundlePath)?.path(forResource: jsonName, ofType: "json") else {
    observer(.error(SerializeError.missingJson(jsonName: jsonName)))
    return Disposables.create()
    }
    do{
    let data = try Data(contentsOf: URL(fileURLWithPath: path))
    let entity = try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
    observer(.success(entity))
    } catch {
    observer(.error(error))
    }
    return Disposables.create()
    })
    }
    }
    Side Effect - Easy Unit Testing
    

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71. class DatabaseReference {
    func get() -> Single {
    return Single.create(subscribe: { (observer) in
    guard let bundlePath = Bundle(for: type(of: self)).path(forResource: "Stub", ofType: "bundle") else {
    observer(.error(SerializeError.missingBundle))
    return Disposables.create()
    }
    let jsonName = String(describing: T.self)
    guard let path = Bundle(path: bundlePath)?.path(forResource: jsonName, ofType: "json") else {
    observer(.error(SerializeError.missingJson(jsonName: jsonName)))
    return Disposables.create()
    }
    do{
    let data = try Data(contentsOf: URL(fileURLWithPath: path))
    let entity = try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
    observer(.success(entity))
    } catch {
    observer(.error(error))
    }
    return Disposables.create()
    })
    }
    }
    Side Effect - Easy Unit Testing
    FackObject
    

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72. class DatabaseReference {
    func get() -> Single {
    return Single.create(subscribe: { (observer) in
    guard let bundlePath = Bundle(for: type(of: self)).path(forResource: "Stub", ofType: "bundle") else {
    observer(.error(SerializeError.missingBundle))
    return Disposables.create()
    }
    let jsonName = String(describing: T.self)
    guard let path = Bundle(path: bundlePath)?.path(forResource: jsonName, ofType: "json") else {
    observer(.error(SerializeError.missingJson(jsonName: jsonName)))
    return Disposables.create()
    }
    do{
    let data = try Data(contentsOf: URL(fileURLWithPath: path))
    let entity = try JSONDecoder().decode(T.self, from: data)
    observer(.success(entity))
    } catch {
    observer(.error(error))
    }
    return Disposables.create()
    })
    }
    }
    Return Entity created from
    Stub JSON
    Side Effect - Easy Unit Testing
    FackObject
    

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73. Tips - Realtime update or not
    lazy var realtimeRef: DatabaseReference = {
    let ref = Database.database().reference()
    ref.keepSynced(true)
    return ref
    }()
    func getFavorite(userId: String) -> Single {
    return realtimeRef.child(userId).child("favorites").get()
    }
    

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74. Tips - Realtime update or not
    lazy var realtimeRef: DatabaseReference = {
    let ref = Database.database().reference()
    ref.keepSynced(true)
    return ref
    }()
    func getFavorite(userId: String) -> Single {
    return realtimeRef.child(userId).child("favorites").get()
    }
    Reflect database update
    immediately
    

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75. Pros/Cons
    • Reduce building API man-hours
    • No more performance tunings
    • Easy to handle data in offline
    Pros
    

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76. Pros/Cons
    • Reduce building API man-hours
    • No more performance tunings
    • Easy to handle data in offline
    Pros
    #
    

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77. Pros/Cons
    • Must have join logic in client side
    • Need more money $ to build in some case
    • Data cache system doesn’t suit for your app in some case
    • Sorting and Query are hard to use
    • Scaling requires sharding
    (100,000 concurrent connections & 1,000 writes/sec.)
    Cons
    

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78. Pros/Cons
    • Must have join logic in client side
    • Need more money $ to build in some case
    • Data cache system doesn’t suit for your app in some case
    • Sorting and Query are hard to use
    • Scaling requires sharding
    (100,000 concurrent connections & 1,000 writes/sec.)
    Cons
    %
    

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79. Alternatives
    • Realtime Database + Cloud Functions
    • Building API server (Old way)
    • ???
    

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80. View Slide

81. One more thing…
    

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82. Cloud Firestore
    

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83. • Stores data in documents organized in collections
    • Sending data with protobuf, which have more types
    • Introduced reference type, so requires less denormalization and data
    flattening
    • Indexed queries with compound sorting and filtering
    Cloud Firestore
    

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84. Cloud Firestore
    

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85. Cloud Firestore
    Reference type
    

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86. What will be changed on architecture
    Entity
    Data Access
    Interface
    Data Access
    to Firebase
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    

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87. What will be changed on architecture
    Entity
    Data Access
    Interface
    Data Access
    to Firebase
    Interactor
    Model
    Presenter
    View
    

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88. Recap
    • Serverless architecture ( mBaaS / SaaS and etc. ) is also
    effective to use on native apps
    • API server can be replaced by Firebase Database / Cloud
    firestore in some case
    • Replaceable DAO and separate Entity and Model in app is
    important
    • With side effect, easy to test modules
    

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89. If you have Questions…
    Daiki Matsudate
    d.matsudate@gmail.com
    twitter: @d_date
    GitHub: @d-date
    

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90. Enjoy! Your serverless
    

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91. References
    • Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship
    by Robert C. Martin
    • https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/rtdb-vs-firestore
    • https://firebase.google.com/docs/firestore/firestore-for-
    rtdb
    • https://speakerdeck.com/bpyamasinn/api-wo-firebase-
    realtime-database-niyi-xing-siteqi-fu-itakoto-ver2
    

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