Insights into the Morphology of Planetary Nebulae from 3D Spectroscopy

Talk given at CfA Postdoc Symposium, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA, November 2015

Transcript

1. In collaborations with: Quentin A. Parker (Macquarie/Hong Kong/AAO), Wolfgang Steffen (UNAM Mexico) Insights to the Morphology of Planetary Nebulae from 3D Spectroscopy Ashkbiz Danehkar Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ashkbiz.danehkar@cfa.harvard.edu
2. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 2 Planetary Nebulae (PNe) • Expanding shells of H-rich material ejected by AGB star – Shell: Vexp ~ 10-40 km/s – Density: Ne ~ 10- 105 cm-3 • Central stars left the AGB phase – Progintor Mass: 1 M☉ < Minit < 8 M☉ – Current Stellar Mass: 0.5-0.9 M☉ • AGB star transited to PN phase • UV radiations from stars ionize the shells Herwig 2005 NGC 6543
3. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 3 Morphology of Planetary Nebula
4. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 4 Morphology of Planetary Nebula • Round (R) 22% of Galactic PNe • Elliptical (E) 49% • Bipolar/multi-polar/ring (B) 20% • point-symmetric 10% Balick et al. 1987,AJ,94,1641 Low-Ionization Structures (LISs) Fast, Low-Ionization Emission Regions (FLIERs) – Velocity 50-200 km/s relative to the central star – Density lower than the main shell
5. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 5 Morphology of Planetary Nebula • Rotating Stellar Winds + Strong Magnetic Fields – Garcıa-Segura 1997; Garcıa-Segura&Lopez 2000; Frank&Blackman 2004 – single star may not supply enough angular momentum (Soker 2006) • Binary System – a. Direct Envelope Ejection (equatorial shell) – b. Dynamo Driven Ejection (collimated outflows) – c. Disk Driven Ejection (elliptical shell+ collimated outflows) • At least 30% of bipolar PNe contain post-CE binaries (Miszalski et al. 2009) • alignments between nebular shells and binary orbital inclinations (e.g. Mitchell et al. 2007; Jones et al. 2010, 2012; Tyndall et al. 2012; Huckvale et al. 2013) Balick et al. 1987,AJ,94,1641
6. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 6 Morphology of Planetary Nebula R R E B B R B E B R B E B B E ? ? E ? B E B E E E ? R
7. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 7 Integral Field Spectroscopy • Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS; Dopita 2007,2010) – Image-Slicing Integral Field Unit (IFU) – ANU 2.3-m Telescope, Siding Spring Observatory – Field-of-view: 25” x 38”, spatial resolution: 1” – spectral resolution: R ~ 7000 (~ 20 km/s)
8. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 8 Integral Field Spectroscopy ANU 2.3 WiFeS Gemini 8.1 GMOS • Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS; Dopita 2007,2010) – Image-Slicing Integral Field Unit (IFU) – ANU 2.3-m Telescope, Siding Spring Observatory – Field-of-view: 25” x 38”, spatial resolution: 1” – spectral resolution: R ~ 7000 (~ 20 km/s)
9. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 9 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe • Spatial-resolved intensity and kinematic maps • PN Th 2-A – not round spherical morphology anymore! – Torus with bipolar outflows – i = −10° ± 5° (relative to the line of sight) – Shell: ~ 40 ± 10 km/s – Outflows: 70-110 km/s Danehkar, ApJ, 2015, in press HST F555W Hα (Gornry et al 1999) • Transition
10. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 10 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe • Velocity-resolved channel maps Danehkar, ApJ, 2015, in press • PN Th 2-A – not round spherical anymore! But, toroidal shell with collimated bipolar outflows
11. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 11 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe • Spatially-resolved chemical ionic maps • PN Th 2-A Danehkar, PhD thesis, 2014
12. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 12 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe • Velocity-resolved channel maps • PN M 2-42 Bipolar Jets (Akras & Lopez,2012) Asymmetric bipolar Jets & FLIERs (Danehkar et al,2015, AJ, submitted) Hα (Parker et al 2005)
13. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 13 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe Danehkar et al, in preparation • Spatially-resolved intensity and kinematic maps • PN M 3-30 – Inclination i ~ 30° ± 5° (relative to the line of sight) – Shell: ~ 30 ± 10 km/s – Outflows: 50-70 km/s Hα +[N II] (Schwarz et al. 1992)
14. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 14 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe Danehkar & Parker, 2015, MNRAS, 449, L45 • Spatial orientations of compact objects • Hen 3-1333 and Hen 2-113 – Compact objects ~3.5 arcsec – Outer faint lobes (diameter 10 arcsec) – Position Angles (PA) PA = -15° (Hen3-1333), 65° (Hen 2-113) in agreement with Chesneau et al 2006 and Lagadec et al 2006 Hα +[N II] (Schwarz et al. 1992)
15. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 15 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe Danehkar, PhD Thesis, 2014 • Spatial orientations of a large number of Galactic PNe HST images • NGC 6578 • NGC 6567 • NGC 6629
16. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 16 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe • Spatial orientations of Galactic PNe toward Galactic Center • Rees & Zijlstra,2013,MNRAS,435,975 – Hα HST images of 130 PNe – Weak alignment with the Galactic Plane Danehkar & Parker, 2015, IAU Symposium 312 Rees & Zijlstra,2013,MNRAS,435,975
17. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 17 Conclusions • PN: Expanding H-rich material ejected by AGB star • PN Typical Morphology: Elliptical and Bipolar – Rotating Stellar Winds + Strong Magnetic Fields? – Binary Systems? – FLIERs: point-symmetric jets • IFU Spectroscopy – Intensity and Velocity maps – Velocity channel maps – Physical and chemical maps • Spatially-resolved Kinematic Observations with WiFeS – Pros: simple data analysis, more information than long-slit observation (PV diagram) – Pros: good for large sample, overall image of the whole nebula – Cons: Low kinematic resolution (20 km/s) & spatial resolution (1 arcsec), small details – Cons: complicated data reduction, complex data extraction
18. 20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 18 Thank you for your attention! Thank you for your attention! • Questions are welcome! Questions are welcome!