In collaborations with: Quentin A. Parker (Macquarie/Hong Kong/AAO), Wolfgang Steffen (UNAM Mexico) Insights to the Morphology of Planetary Nebulae from 3D Spectroscopy Ashkbiz Danehkar Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics [email protected]
20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 2 Planetary Nebulae (PNe) ● Expanding shells of H-rich material ejected by AGB star – Shell: Vexp ~ 10-40 km/s – Density: Ne ~ 10- 105 cm-3 ● Central stars left the AGB phase – Progintor Mass: 1 M☉ < Minit < 8 M☉ – Current Stellar Mass: 0.5-0.9 M☉ ● AGB star transited to PN phase ● UV radiations from stars ionize the shells Herwig 2005 NGC 6543
20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 4 Morphology of Planetary Nebula ● Round (R) 22% of Galactic PNe ● Elliptical (E) 49% ● Bipolar/multi-polar/ring (B) 20% ● point-symmetric 10% Balick et al. 1987,AJ,94,1641 Low-Ionization Structures (LISs) Fast, Low-Ionization Emission Regions (FLIERs) – Velocity 50-200 km/s relative to the central star – Density lower than the main shell
20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 5 Morphology of Planetary Nebula ● Rotating Stellar Winds + Strong Magnetic Fields – Garcıa-Segura 1997; Garcıa-Segura&Lopez 2000; Frank&Blackman 2004 – single star may not supply enough angular momentum (Soker 2006) ● Binary System – a. Direct Envelope Ejection (equatorial shell) – b. Dynamo Driven Ejection (collimated outflows) – c. Disk Driven Ejection (elliptical shell+ collimated outflows) ● At least 30% of bipolar PNe contain post-CE binaries (Miszalski et al. 2009) ● alignments between nebular shells and binary orbital inclinations (e.g. Mitchell et al. 2007; Jones et al. 2010, 2012; Tyndall et al. 2012; Huckvale et al. 2013) Balick et al. 1987,AJ,94,1641
20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 7 Integral Field Spectroscopy ● Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS; Dopita 2007,2010) – Image-Slicing Integral Field Unit (IFU) – ANU 2.3-m Telescope, Siding Spring Observatory – Field-of-view: 25” x 38”, spatial resolution: 1” – spectral resolution: R ~ 7000 (~ 20 km/s)
20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 8 Integral Field Spectroscopy ANU 2.3 WiFeS Gemini 8.1 GMOS ● Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS; Dopita 2007,2010) – Image-Slicing Integral Field Unit (IFU) – ANU 2.3-m Telescope, Siding Spring Observatory – Field-of-view: 25” x 38”, spatial resolution: 1” – spectral resolution: R ~ 7000 (~ 20 km/s)
20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 9 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe ● Spatial-resolved intensity and kinematic maps ● PN Th 2-A – not round spherical morphology anymore! – Torus with bipolar outflows – i = −10° ± 5° (relative to the line of sight) – Shell: ~ 40 ± 10 km/s – Outflows: 70-110 km/s Danehkar, ApJ, 2015, in press HST F555W Hα (Gornry et al 1999) ● Transition
20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 11 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe ● Spatially-resolved chemical ionic maps ● PN Th 2-A Danehkar, PhD thesis, 2014
20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 13 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe Danehkar et al, in preparation ● Spatially-resolved intensity and kinematic maps ● PN M 3-30 – Inclination i ~ 30° ± 5° (relative to the line of sight) – Shell: ~ 30 ± 10 km/s – Outflows: 50-70 km/s Hα +[N II] (Schwarz et al. 1992)
20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 14 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe Danehkar & Parker, 2015, MNRAS, 449, L45 ● Spatial orientations of compact objects ● Hen 3-1333 and Hen 2-113 – Compact objects ~3.5 arcsec – Outer faint lobes (diameter 10 arcsec) – Position Angles (PA) PA = -15° (Hen3-1333), 65° (Hen 2-113) in agreement with Chesneau et al 2006 and Lagadec et al 2006 Hα +[N II] (Schwarz et al. 1992)
20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 15 Spatially-resolved Observations of PNe Danehkar, PhD Thesis, 2014 ● Spatial orientations of a large number of Galactic PNe HST images ● NGC 6578 ● NGC 6567 ● NGC 6629
20 November 2015 CfA Postdoc Symposium 17 Conclusions ● PN: Expanding H-rich material ejected by AGB star ● PN Typical Morphology: Elliptical and Bipolar – Rotating Stellar Winds + Strong Magnetic Fields? – Binary Systems? – FLIERs: point-symmetric jets ● IFU Spectroscopy – Intensity and Velocity maps – Velocity channel maps – Physical and chemical maps ● Spatially-resolved Kinematic Observations with WiFeS – Pros: simple data analysis, more information than long-slit observation (PV diagram) – Pros: good for large sample, overall image of the whole nebula – Cons: Low kinematic resolution (20 km/s) & spatial resolution (1 arcsec), small details – Cons: complicated data reduction, complex data extraction
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