Time-dependent Numerical Modeling of Thermally Driven Stellar Winds

Talk presented at IAU Symposium 370 (IAUS370): Winds of Stars and Exoplanets (in-person), Busan, Korea, August 2022

Transcript

1. Time-dependent Numerical Modeling of Time-dependent Numerical Modeling of Thermally Driven Stellar Winds Thermally Driven Stellar Winds Ash Danehkar Eureka Scientific, Inc., Oakland, CA 94602, USA danehkar@eurekasci.com In Collaboration with: Sally Oey (University of Michigan), and Will Gray IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets. 11 August 2022 Rosette Nebula (Credit: Schmitz/PhotographingSpace)
2. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 2 Outline  Thermally Driven Starburst Superwinds – Cooling Superwinds (radio observations)  Thermally Driven Superwind Theory – Coupling to Radiative Cooling and Photo-heating Functions  Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamic Simulations  Different Superwind Modes – Adiabatic Winds – Radiative Cooling Winds  Time-dependent Photoionization Calculations – Collisional Ionization versus Non-equilibrium Ionization  Future Plans – Time-evolving Stellar Feedback – Radiation-driven Superwinds (Radiative Transfer)
3. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 3 Superwinds and Superbubbles Rosette Nebula (Bruhweiler + 2010): 6 OB stars of NGC 2244
4. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 4 Cooling Superwinds NGC 2366 NGC 2366 Green Pea analog! Green Pea analog! [O II], [O III] and Continuum  CO(2–1) (red contours), 231 GHz (black contours)  (Oey+ 2017) Mrk 71 Mrk 71
5. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 5 Thermally Driven Superwind Theory  Adiabatic Winds – Chevalier & Clegg 1985  Radiative Cooling Winds Silich + 2004
6. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 6 Thermally Driven Superwind Theory Different Wind Regions, as defined by Weaver+ 1977
7. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 7 Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamic Simulations
8. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 8 Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamic Simulations Radiative Cooling Efficencies (Λi) and Photo-Heating Efficiiencies (Γi): Atomic Chemistry and Cooling Package MAIHEM: Gray + 2019  Cooling Efficiencies: Gnat & Ferland 2012  Heating Efficiencies calculated using photoionization cross-section and SED: Verner & Yakovlev 1995, & Verner, Ferland, et al. 1996
9. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 9 Non-equilibrium Hydrodynamic Simulations Danehkar, Oey, Gray, ApJ 921, 91 (2021) Hydrodynamic Simulations of Galactic Winds Animations: https://galacticwinds.github.io/superwinds/
10. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 10 Different Superwind Modes  Adiabatic Bubble (AB)  Catastrophic Cooling Bubble (CB)  Catastrophic Cooling (CC) Danehkar + 2021 (JPhCS 2028, 012013)
11. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 11 Different Superwind Modes  Adiabatic Bubble (AB), Adiabatic Pressure-Confined (AP)  Catastrophic Cooling (CC), Catastrophic Cooling Bubble (CB) Temperature discrepancy factor (fT = Tw / Tadi ) Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021 (ApJ 921, 91)
12. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 12 Different Superwind Modes (Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021, ApJ 921, 91) Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021 (ApJ 921, 91) Adiabatic Wind (AW) Adiabatic Bubble (AB) Pressure-Confined (AP) Catastrophic Cooling (CC) Catastrophic Cooling Bubble (CB) Cooling, Pressure-Confined (CP) No Expanding Wind (NW) Momentum-Conserving (MC)
13. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 13 Photoionization Calculations Collisional Ionization Photoionization + Collisional Ionization Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021 (ApJ 921, 91)
14. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 14 Photoionization Calculations Collisional Ionization Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021 (ApJ 921, 91) PI (Pure Photoionization), CPI (Collisional Ionization+Photoionization)
15. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 15 Time-dependent Photoionization Calculations Non-equilibrium Ionization  Collisional Ionization  Non-equilibrium Ionization Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2022 (submitted)
16. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 16 Time-dependent Photoionization Calculations Non-equilibrium Ionization PIE (Pure Photoionization),CIE+PIE (Collisional Ionization+Photoionization), NEI+PIE (Non-equilibrium Photoionization), Danehkar + 2022
17. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 17 UV Diagnostics Diagrams (see my poster in FM4) NEI+PIE (Solid colors; Danehkar + 2022 submitted) , CIE+PIE (shaded colors; Danehkar + 2021, ApJ 921:91),
18. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 18 Future Plans Time-evolving Stellar Feedback
19. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 19 Future Plans Radiation-driven Superwinds (Radiative Transfer) Radiative Transfer Calculations: Stellar flux at a given distance (e.g. Klassen + 2014) Radiation Pressure: See Simulations: https://galacticwinds.github.io/superwinds/ Included in MAIHEM RT unit Optical Depth:
20. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 20 Summary  Thermally Driven Superwind Theory – Adiabatic Solutions (Chevalier & Clegg 85) – Radiative Cooling Solutions (Silich+ 2004)  Hydrodynamic Simulations with MAIHEM Package – Radiative Cooling + Photo-Heating (Gray + 2019) – Different Superwind Modes (Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021, ApJ 921, 91)  Colliosinal Ionization (CIE) versus Non-equilibrium Ionization (NEI) – CIE, Danehkar et al. 2021, ApJ 921, 91 – Time-dependent NEI: C IV & O VI enhancements, Danehkar, et al. 2022 submitted  Future Plans – Time-evolving Stellar Feedback • The time-dependent SED ionizing source and mass-loading rate made by Starburst99 evolve with time. – Inclusion of Radiative Transfer • Radiation-driven superwinds (radiation pressure)
21. 11 August 2022 IAU Symposium 370: Winds of Stars and Exoplanets 21 Thank you for your attention Rosette Nebula (Credit: Schmitz/PhotographingSpace)