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Non-equilibrium Photoionization and Hydrodynamic Simulations of Starburst-driven Outflows

Non-equilibrium Photoionization and Hydrodynamic Simulations of Starburst-driven Outflows

Talk presented at 4th Workshop on Numerical Modeling in MHD and Plasma Physics (MHD-PP; Virtual), 13 October 2021

Ashkbiz Danehkar

October 13, 2021
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  1. Non-equilibrium Photoionization
    Non-equilibrium Photoionization
    and Hydrodynamic Simulations
    and Hydrodynamic Simulations
    of Starburst-driven Outflows
    of Starburst-driven Outflows
    Starburst-driven Outflow (Romero+ 2018, Strickland+ 2003)
    Ashkbiz Danehkar
    Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan
    [email protected]
    In Collaborations with: Sally Oey, and Will Gray
    Fourth Virtual Workshop on Numerical Modeling in MHD and Plasma Physics (MHD-PP), October 13, 2021

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  2. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
    2
    Starburst-driven Outflows
    Starburst-driven Outflows and Bubbles in NGC 3079
    (Credit: X-ray:NASA/CXC/UMich/J-T Li;Optical:NASA/STScI)

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  3. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
    3
    Starburst-driven Outflows
    Starburst-driven Outflows (Romero+ 2018, Strickland+ 2003)

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  4. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Outline
     Background: Starburst-driven Outflows
    – Adiabatic Wind and Bubble Formation Solutions
    – Radiative Semi-analytic Wind Solutions
     Hydrodynamic Setup: NEI Radiative Cooling in FLASH
    – Radiative Cooling Rates + Photo-Heating Rates
     Emissivity Calculations: CLOUDY Photoionization Modeling
    – CIE+PIE Implementation
    – NEI+PIE Implementation
     Applications: Star-forming galaxies
    – Optical BPT and UV Diagnostic Diagrams
     Future Plans: Detailed Radiative Transfer, 2D Simulations

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  5. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Strong Cooling & Suppressed Winds
    NGC 2366
    Green Pea analog!
    [O II], [O III] and Continuum (Oey+ 2017)
    Mrk 71
    Oey + 2017

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  6. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Strong Cooling & Suppressed Winds
    Super Star Cluster NGC 5253 (Turner et al. 2017)

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  7. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Wind Formation: Adiabatic Theory
    Adiabatic Solutions
    – Adiabatic Wind (γ=5/3)
    – Chevalier & Clegg 1985
    Chevalier & Clegg 1985

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  8. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Wind Formation: Adiabatic Theory
    Different Wind Regions, as defined by Weaver+ 1977

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  9. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Wind Formation: Radiative Solution

    Radiative Semi-analytic Solutions
    – Silich + 2004
    – With Radiative Cooling
    Silich + 2004

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  10. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Wind Formation: Radiative Solution
    Radiative Cooling
    Silich + 2004
    Silich + 2004

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  11. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Hydrodynamic Simulations
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021

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  12. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Hydrodynamic Simulations
     Solve using a hybrid Riemann solver (Roe+HLLE) in FLASH
    – Unsplit Hydrodynamic Solver
    – 2nd-order MUSCL-Hancock Scheme
     Coupled with the Non-equilibrium Atomic Chemistry and Cooling
    Package MAIHEM (Gray + 2019)
    – Radiative Cooling Function (Λ)
    – Photo-Heating Function (Γ)

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  13. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Hydrodynamic Simulations
     Boundary Conditions:
     Initial Conditions:
     Radiative Cooling Function (Λ) and Photo-Heating Function (Γ):
    Included in the Atomic Chemistry and Cooling Package MAIHEM (Gray + 2019)

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  14. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Hydrodynamic Simulations
    Cooling Function (Λ) and Photo-Heating Function (Γ):
     Included in the Atomic Chemistry and Cooling Package MAIHEM (Gray + 2019):

    Cooling Efficiencies from (Λ
    i
    ) calculated using ion-by-ion efficiencies
    from Gnat & Ferland 2012.

    Heating Efficiencies from (Γ
    i
    ) calculated using photoionization cross sections
    from Verner & Yakovlev 1995, and Verner, Ferland, et al. 1996.

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  15. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Hydrodynamic Simulations
    Model Grids: https://superwinds.astro.lsa.umich.edu/
    Temperature Density
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021

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  16. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Hydrodynamic Simulations

    Adiabatic Bubble (AB)

    Catastrophic Cooling Bubble (CB)

    Catastrophic Cooling (CC)
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021

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  17. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Hydrodynamic Simulations

    Adiabatic Bubble (AB), Catastrophic Cooling Bubble (CB)

    Catastrophic Cooling (CC), momentum-conserving (MC)
    Temperature discrepancy factor (fT = Tw / Tadi)
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021

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  18. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Hydrodynamic Simulations

    Adiabatic Bubble (AB), Adiabatic Pressure-Confined (AP)

    Catastrophic Cooling (CC), Catastrophic Cooling Bubble (CB)
    Temperature discrepancy factor (fT = Tw / Tadi)
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021

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  19. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021
    Hydrodynamic Simulations
    (Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021)

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  20. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Photoionization Modeling (CIE+PIE=CPI)
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021
    Photoionization
    + Collisional Ionization

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  21. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Photoionization Modeling (CIE+PIE=CPI)
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021
    PIE (Pure Photoionization), CIE+PIE=CPI (Photoionization + Collisional Ionization)

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  22. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Photoionization Modeling (NEI+PIE=NPI)
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021
    Photoionization
    + Non-equilibrium Ionization

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  23. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Photoionization Modeling (NEI+PIE=NPI)
    PIE (Pure Photoionization), CIE+PIE=CPI (Photoionization + Collisional Ionization),
    NEI+PIE=NPI (Photoionization + Non-equilibrium Ionization), Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021

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  24. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Optical & UV Diagnostic Diagrams
    Emission Lines of Superwinds
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021

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  25. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Optical BPT Diagrams
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021
    Optical Emission Lines (radiation-bounded)

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  26. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    UV Diagnostic Diagrams
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021
    UV Emission Lines (radiation-bounded)

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  27. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    UV Diagnostic Diagrams
    UV Emission Lines (radiation-bounded)
    Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021

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  28. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Future Plans: Extension to 2D
     Allow to Study Different Instabilities
     Rayleigh-Taylor instability, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
     Formation of Instability-induced Dense Clumps
    Lancaster, Ostriker, et al. 2021

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  29. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Future Plans: Extension to 2D
     Allow to Study Different Instabilities
     Rayleigh-Taylor instability, Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
     Formation of Instability-induced Dense Clumps
    Lancaster, Ostriker, et al. 2021

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  30. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Future Plans: RT Implementation
     Implementation of detailed Radiative Transfer (RT) calculations
     Improvement of radiative cooling and photo-heating processes
     Stellar flux at a given distance (e.g. Klassen + 2014):
     Inclusion of radiation pressure:
    Included in MAIHEM Need RT calculations

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  31. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Concluding Points
     Starburst-driven Outflows
    – Adiabatic Solution (Chevalier & Clegg 85)
    – Radiative Solution (Silich + 2004)
     Non-equilibrium Cooling Hydrodynamic Simulations
    – MAIHEM Cooling Package (Gray + 2019): Radiative Cooling + Photo-Heating
    – Parameter Space Investigation (Danehkar, Oey, Gray, 2021, ApJ, arXiv:2106.10854)
     Photoionizaion Modeling
    – CIE+PIE (Danehkar et al. ApJ, 2021; arXiv:2106.10854)
    – NEI+PIE (Danehkar, et al. in preparation)
     Future Plans
    – Detailed Radiative Transfer Implementation: Improved Radiative Solutions
    – 2-D Simulation: Instability-induced Clumps

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  32. 13 Oct 2021 MHD-PP
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    Thank you for your attention
    Starburst-driven Outflow (Romero+ 2018, Strickland+ 2003)

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