Paths to a Unified AGN Outflow Model via Computational Relativity Ashkbiz Danehkar, Postdoc Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan [email protected] Challenges and Innovations in Computational Astrophysics - II, November 20, 2020 Image Credit: J. Bergeron, Sky & Telescope Magazine Image Credit: J. Bergeron, Sky & Telescope Magazine
20/11/2020 Computational Astrophysics II 4 Ultra-fast Outflows Disk Black- body Hot Corona Warm Absorbers K-shell Iron Beckmann & Shrader 2012 Risaliti & Elvis 2004 (bbody + powerlaw + ∑ emis) x ∏ abs
20/11/2020 Computational Astrophysics II 8 Implication of Black Hole Spins Correlation between SMBH Angular Momentum with Uktra-fast Outflows Danehkar +
20/11/2020 Computational Astrophysics II 9 Measurements of Black Hole Spins Black Hole Spin Measurement (see Brenneman 2013) ● Thermal Continuum Fitting (UV observation) – stellar-mass black hole – AGN (may problematic due to UV absorption lines!) ● Inner Disk Reflection Modeling – AGN (X-ray) ● High Frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations – AGN + stellar-mass black hole (fully not developed) ● X-ray Polarimetry – Need sensitive X-ray polarimter (not available now!) ● Imaging the Event Horizon Shadow – Need Very Long Baseline Interferometry (in development) – Suitable only for Sgr A* and M87 a = J c / G M2 (a: BH spin, J: angular momentum, M: BH mass, G: gravitational constant, c: speed of light)
20/11/2020 Computational Astrophysics II 10 Measurements of Black Hole Spins Relativistically broadened Kα iron line (6.4 keV) Compton hump (> 10keV) Black Hole Spin Measurement from X-ray a = - 1 a = 0 a = 1 Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
20/11/2020 Computational Astrophysics II 15 Numerical Relativity Tendex and Vortex Lines ● Visualization of Gravitoelectric & Gravitomagnetic tensors – Nichols et al. PRD 84, 124012, 2011; PRD 86, 104028, 2012 ● Tidal Tendex Line – Tendex coined by David Nichols (tendere: ‘to stretch’) – integral curves of eigenvectors of gravitoeletric tensor – Owen el al. PRL 106, 151101, 2011 – Zhang et al. PRD 86, 084049, 2012 ● Frame-dragging Vortex Line – integral curves of eigenvectors of gravitomagnetic tensor eigenvector eigenvalue eigenvector eigenvalue Owen el al. PRL 106, 151101, 2011
20/11/2020 Computational Astrophysics II 17 Numerical Relativity Tendex and Vortex Lines of Fast Spinning BH ● Visualization of Eab & Hab around a fast Kerr BH Tidal Tendex Line Frame-dragging Vortex Line Zhang et al. PRD 86, 084049, 2012
20/11/2020 Computational Astrophysics II 18 Numerical Relativity Tendex and Vortex Lines of Merging Binary BH ● Visualization of Eab & Hab around binary BHs Tidal Tendex Line Frame-dragging Vortex Line ● Spectral Einstein Code (SpEC) – https://www.black-holes.org/code/SpEC.html – SpEC is not publicity available ● New version: SpECTRE – https://github.com/sxs-collaboration/spectre – SpECTRE is still under development by the SXS (Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes) Collaboration, and not yet ready – Updates on SpECTRE code: https://icerm.brown.edu/programs/sp-f20/w3/ (see talk, Oct 28) Owen el al. PRL 106, 151101, 2011
20/11/2020 Computational Astrophysics II 20 Numerical Relativity Einstein Cactus Computational Toolkit ● The Einstein Toolkit (https://einsteintoolkit.org/) – Cactus Thorns (http://svn.einsteintoolkit.org/cactus/) – Recent Tutorial: https://icerm.brown.edu/programs/sp-f20/w1/ ● Einstein Toolkit Thorn: EinsteinAnalysis/WeylScal4 – calculates Weyl scalars in the Einstein Toolkit – converted to Thorn using Kranc (http://kranccode.org/) ● New Module for gravitoelectric and gravitomagnetic tensors in the Einstein Toolkit – can be made by Mathemtica scripts and converted to Thorn using Kranc ● Kranc: Mathematica program turns tensorial equations into a thorn for the Cactus Computational Toolkit transverse wave component for GW simulations of mergers
20/11/2020 Computational Astrophysics II 21 Summary Unified AGN Outflow Model via BH Spin Survey & Numerical Relativity ● Observational Background – Observational Evidence for a Unified AGN Outflow Model – Possible correlation between SMBH angular momentum and AGN outflows – Physical mechanism behind radio-loud AGN: binary SMBH in radio-loud? ● Black Hole Spin Surveys Relativistically broadened Fluorescence Iron Line + Compton continuum Relativistic Reflection Model (relxill + xillver) ● Numerical Relativity – Gravitoelectric and Gravitiomagnetic tensors visualized using their Tidal Tendex and Frame-dragging Vortex Lines. – Visualization of Tendex and Vortex lines for exact solutions and binary BHs are very complex, but can be done using a new module made by either Kranc or NRPy+ for the Einstein Toolkit. These simulations are computationally expensive (need HPC)
20/11/2020 Computational Astrophysics II 22 Image Credit: J. Bergeron, Sky & Telescope Magazine Image Credit: J. Bergeron, Sky & Telescope Magazine Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention
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