The Walking Dead - A Survival Guide to Resilient Reactive Applications

This talk was given at JAX 2015 in Mainz.

Transcript

1. Michael Nitschinger | Couchbase, Inc.
   The Walking Dead
   A Survival Guide to Reactive Resilient Applications
   

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2. the right
   Mindset
   2
   

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3. – U.S. Marine Corps
   “The more you sweat in peace, the less
   you bleed in war.”
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6. Not so fast, mister fancy tests!
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7. What can go wrong?
   Always ask yourself
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8. Fault Tolerance
   101
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9. Fault Error Failure
   A fault is a latent defect that can cause an
   error when activated.
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10. Fault Error Failure
    Errors are the manifestations of faults.
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11. Fault Error Failure
    Failure occurs when the service no longer
    complies with its specifications.
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12. Fault Error Failure
    Errors are inevitable. We need to
    detect, recover and mitigate
    them before they become failures.
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13. Reliability
    is the probability that a system will perform
    failure free for a given amount of time.
    MTTF Mean Time To Failure
    MTTR Mean Time To Repair
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14. Availability
    is the percentage of time the system is able to
    perform its function.
    availability =
    MTTF
    MTTF + MTTR
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15. Expression Downtime/Year
    Three 9s 99.9% 525.6 min
    Four 9s 99.99% 52.56 min
    Four 9s and a 5 99.995% 26.28 min
    Five 9s 99.999% 5.256 min
    Six 9s 99.9999% 0.5256 min
    100% 0
    15
    

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16. Pop Quiz!
    Edge Service
    User Service Session Store Data Warehouse
    Wanted: 99.99% Availability
    ??? ??? ???
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17. Pop Quiz!
    Edge Service
    User Service Session Store Data Warehouse
    Wanted: 99.99% Availability
    99.99%
    17
    99.99% 99.99%
    

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18. Pop Quiz!
    Edge Service
    User Service Session Store Data Warehouse
    Wanted: 99.99% Availability
    ~99.999% ~99.999% ~99.999%
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19. Fault Tolerant
    Architecture
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20. Units of Mitigation
    are the basic units of
    error containment and recovery.
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21. Escalation
    is used when recovery or mitigation
    is not possible inside the unit.
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22. Escalation
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    Cluster
    Node Node
    Service Service Service Service Service
    Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint
    

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23. Escalation
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    Cluster
    Node Node
    Service Service Service Service Service
    Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint
    

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24. Escalation
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    Cluster
    Node Node
    Service Service Service Service Service
    Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint
    

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25. Escalation
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    Cluster
    Node Node
    Service Service Service Service Service
    Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint Endpoint
    

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26. Redundancy
    Cost
    Active/Active Active/Standby N+M

    Active/Passive
    Cost Time To Recover
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27. The Fault Observer
    receives system and error events and
    can guide and orchestrate detection and recovery
    Unit
    Unit
    Observer
    Listener
    Listener
    Unit
    Unit
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30. Detecting
    Errors
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31. A silent system
    is a dead system.
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32. A System Monitor
    helps to study behaviour and to
    make sure it is operating as specified.
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    http://cdn-www.airliners.net/aviation-photos/photos/9/2/1/0982129.jpg
    

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33. https://github.com/Netflix/Turbine
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34. Periodic Checking
    Heartbeats monitor tasks or remote services
    and initiate recovery
    Routine Exercises prevent idle
    unit starvation and surface malfunctions
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35. 35
    Encoder(
    Encoder(
    Ne*y(
    Writes(
    Ne*y(
    Reads(
    Decoder(
    Decoder(
    Event on Idle
    No Traffic
    Endpoint
    

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36. Riding over Transients
    is used to defer error recovery
    if the error is temporary.
    “‘Patience is a virtue’ to allow the true signature of
    an error to show itself.”
    - Robert S. Hanmer
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37. 37
    The
    Leaky
    Bucket
    

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38. And more!
    • Complete Parameter Checking
    • Watchdogs
    • Voting
    • Checksums
    • Routine Audits
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39. Recovery and Mitigation
    of Errors
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40. Timeout
    to not wait forever and keep
    holding up the resource.
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    X
    

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41. Failover
    to a redundant unit when the error has been
    detected and isolated.
    Cost
    Active/Active Active/Standby N+M
    Cost Time To Recover
    Redundancy

    Reminder
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42. Intelligent Retries
    Time between Retries
    Number of Attempts
    Fixed Linear Exponential
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43. Restart
    can be used as a last resort with the
    trade-off to lose state and time.
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44. Fail Fast
    to shed load and give a partial great service
    than a complete bad one.
    Boundary
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45. Backpressure
    & Batching!
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46. Case Study: Hystrix
    https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wiki/Netflix/Hystrix/images/hystrix-flow-chart-original.png
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47. And more!
    • Rollback
    • Roll-Forward
    • Checkpoints
    • Data Reset
    Recovery Mitigation
    • Bounded Queuing
    • Expansive Controls
    • Marking Data
    • Error Correcting Codes
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48. And more!
    • Rollback
    • Roll-Forward
    • Checkpoints
    • Data Reset
    Recovery Mitigation
    • Bounded Queuing
    • Expansive Controls
    • Marking Data
    • Error Correcting Codes
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49. Recommended
    Reading
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50. Patterns for
    Fault-Tolerant Software
    by Robert S. Hanmer
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51. Release It!
    by Michael T. Nygard
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52. Announcement
    CB Server 4.0 dp!
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    http://blog.couchbase.com/introducing-developer-preview-for-couchbase-server-4.0
    

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53. Any
    Questions?
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54. twitter
    @daschl
    email
    michael.nitschinger@couchbase.com
    Thank you!
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