JavaScript: Basic rules for avoiding strange issues

JavaScript 地雷部分與實作建議：JavaScript 是一個很容易寫出很難除錯的程式語言；遵循一些準則可以減低這些困擾。

Transcript

1. JavaScript 地雷部分與實作建議 @denkeni
2. Published in 2008
3. Declare all variables at top and don't code in global scope! Use "var"
4. num = 1; (function () { num = 2; })(); console.log(num); Bad example 1
5. window.num = 1; (function () { window.num = 2; })(); console.log(window.num); // 2 What actually happened
6. num = 1; (function () { var num = 2; })(); console.log(num); // 1 Better example 1 use "var"
7. (function () { var num = 1; (function () { var num = 2; })(); console.log(num); // 1 })(); Even Better example 1 don't code in global scope
8. Bad example 2 (function () { var num = 1; (function () { console.log(num); // 1; function has closure. num = 2; console.log(num); // 2 })(); console.log(num); // 2 })();
9. Bad example 2 (function () { var num = 1; (function () { console.log(num); var num = 2; // no warning here! console.log(num); })(); console.log(num); })();
10. Bad example 2 (function () { var num = 1; (function () { console.log(num); // undefined var num = 2; console.log(num); // 2 })(); console.log(num); // 1 })(); var num
11. What actually happened (function () { var num = 1; (function () { ; console.log(num); // undefined num = 2; console.log(num); // 2 })(); console.log(num); // 1 })(); var num
12. Better example 2 (function () { var num = 1; (function () { console.log(num); // 1 var num2 = 2; console.log(num2); // 2 })(); console.log(num); // 1 })();
13. Even Better example 2 (function () { var num = 1; (function () { var num2 = 2; console.log(num); // 1 console.log(num2); // 2 })(); console.log(num); // 1 })();
14. Even Better example 3 (function () { var num = 1; (function () { var num = 2; console.log(num); // 2 })(); console.log(num); // 1 })();
15. • There's no block scope! • Use functional scope to avoid global Only Functional Scope
16. （因為很重要所以要說三次） Javascript 只有 Functional Scope！ Javascript 只有 Functional Scope！ Javascript 只有 Functional Scope！
17. (function () { var num = 1; console.log(num); // 1 if (true) { var num = 2; console.log(num); // 2 } console.log(num); // 2 })(); Bad example
18. (function () { var num = 1; console.log(num); // 1 if (true) { (function () { var num = 2; console.log(num); // 2 })(); } console.log(num); // 1 })(); Better example
19. "==" does not check type! Use "==="
20. var num = 0; if (num) { console.log("1st"); } num = num + 1; if (num) { console.log("2nd"); } num = num - 1; if (num) { console.log("3rd") } Result: "2nd"
21. var num = "0"; // mistake here if (num) { console.log("1st"); } num = num + 1; if (num) { console.log("2nd"); } num = num - 1; if (num) { console.log("3rd") }
22. var num = "0"; // console.log(num) -> "0" if (num) { console.log("1st"); } num = num + 1; // console.log(num) -> "01" if (num) { console.log("2nd"); } num = num - 1; // console.log(num) -> 0 if (num) { console.log("3rd") } Result: "1st" "2nd"
23. var num = "0"; // typeof(num) === "string" if (num) { console.log("1st"); } num = num + 1; // typeof(num) === "string" if (num) { console.log("2nd"); } num = num - 1; // typeof(num) === "number" if (num) { console.log("3rd") } Result: "1st" "2nd"
24. var num = "0"; if (num != 0) { console.log("1st"); } num = num + 1; if (num != 0) { console.log("2nd"); } num = num - 1; if (num != 0) { console.log("3rd") } Result: "2nd"
25. var num = "0"; if (num != 0) { console.log("1st"); } num = num + 1; if (num != 0) { console.log("2nd"); } num = num - 1; if (num != 0) { console.log("3rd") } Result: "2nd" Bad example
26. 0.1 * 0.2 !== 0.02 （純小數乘以純小數）
27. var num = 0.1 * 2; if (num === 0.2) { console.log("Correct."); // Correct. } else { console.log(num); }
28. var num = 0.1 * 0.2; if (num === 0.02) { console.log("Correct."); } else { console.log(num); // 0.020000000000000004 } Bad example
29. var num = 0.1 * 0.2; if (num === 0.02) { console.log("Correct."); } else { console.log(num); // 0.020000000000000004 } Bad example
30. var resultString = (0.1 * 0.2).toFixed(2); if (resultString === "0.02") { console.log("Correct."); // Correct. } else { console.log(num); } Better example
31. Sum up • Use "var" and declare all variables at top • Only functional scope • Use "===" • 0.1*0.2 !==0.3 so use .toFixed()