OSCON - Scaling PHP in the real world!

Scaling PHP in the real world! - Presented at OSCON 2014.

Transcript

1. Scaling PHP in the real world Dustin Whittle - @dustinwhittle
2. PHP IS USED BY THE LIKES OF FACEBOOK, YAHOO, ZYNGA, TUMBLR, ETSY, AND WIKIPEDIA. HOW DO THE LARGEST INTERNET COMPANIES SCALE PHP TO MEET THEIR DEMAND? ! JOIN THIS SESSION AND FIND OUT HOW TO USE THE LATEST TOOLS IN PHP FOR DEVELOPING HIGH PERFORMANCE APPLICATIONS. WE’LL TAKE A LOOK AT COMMON TECHNIQUES FOR SCALING PHP APPLICATIONS AND BEST PRACTICES FOR PROFILING AND OPTIMIZING PERFORMANCE. AFTER THIS SESSION, YOU’LL LEAVE PREPARED TO TACKLE YOUR NEXT ENTERPRISE PHP PROJECT.
3. AGENDA • Why performance matters? • The problems with PHP • Best practice designs • Distributed data caches with Redis and Memcached • Doing work in the background with queues • Http caching and a reverse proxy with Varnish • Using the right tool for the job • Tools of the trade • Xdebug + WebGrind • XHProf + XHProf GUI • AppDynamics • Google PageSpeed • Architecture not applications
4. DUSTIN WHITTLE • dustinwhittle.com • @dustinwhittle • Technologist, Pilot, Skier, Diver, Sailor, Golfer
5. WHAT I HAVE WORKED ON • Developer Evangelist @ • Consultant & Trainer @ • Developer Evangelist @
6. DID YOU KNOW FACEBOOK, YAHOO, ZYNGA, TUMBLR, ETSY, AND WIKIPEDIA WERE ALL STARTED ON PHP?
7. WHY DOES PERFORMANCE MATTER?
8. WHEN MOZILLA SHAVED 2.2 SECONDS OFF THEIR LANDING PAGE, FIREFOX DOWNLOADS INCREASED 15.4%
9. MAKING BARACK OBAMA’S WEBSITE 60% FASTER INCREASED DONATION CONVERSIONS BY 14%
10. AMAZON AND WALMART INCREASED REVENUE 1% FOR EVERY 100MS OF IMPROVEMENT
12. PERFORMANCE DIRECTLY IMPACTS THE BOTTOM LINE
14. PHP IS SLOWER THAN JAVA, C++, ERLANG, SCALA, AND GO!
15. HTTP://PHPSADNESS.COM/
16. ...AND PHP HAS SOME SERIOUS DESIGN ISSUES AND INCONSISTENCIES!
17. ...BUT THERE ARE WAYS TO SCALE TO HANDLE HIGH TRAFFIC APPLICATIONS
18. PHP IS NOT YOUR PROBLEM!
19. WHAT VERSION OF PHP DO YOU RUN?
20. UPGRADE YOUR PHP ENVIRONMENT TO 2014!
21. NGINX + PHP-FPM
22. USE AN OPCODE CACHE!
23. PHP 5.5 HAS ZEND OPCACHE
24. APC
25. USE AUTOLOADING AND PSR-0
26. SYMFONY2 CLASSLOADER COMPONENT WITH APC CACHING
27. SCALING BEYOND A SINGLE SERVER IN PHP
28. OPTIMIZE YOUR SESSIONS!
29. THE DEFAULT IN PHP IS TO PERSIST SESSIONS TO DISK
30. IT IS BETTER TO STORE SESSIONS IN A DATABASE
31. EVEN BETTER IS TO STORE IN A DATABASE WITH A SHARED CACHE IN FRONT
32. PECL INSTALL MEMCACHED
33. session.save_handler = memcached session.save_path = "10.0.0.10:11211,10.0.0.11:11211,10.0.0.12:11211" memcached.sess_prefix = “session.” memcached.sess_consistent_hash = On memcached.sess_remove_failed = 1 memcached.sess_number_of_replicas = 2 memcached.sess_binary = On memcached.sess_randomize_replica_read = On memcached.sess_locking = On memcached.sess_connect_timeout = 200 memcached.serializer = “igbinary”
34. THE BEST SOLUTION IS TO LIMIT SESSION SIZE AND STORE ALL DATA IN A SIGNED OR ENCRYPTED COOKIE
35. LEVERAGE AN IN-MEMORY DATA CACHE
36. MEMCACHED.ORG
37. REDIS.IO
38. • Any data that is expensive to generate/query and long lived should be cached • Web Service Responses • HTTP Responses • Database Result Sets • Configuration Data
39. GUZZLE HTTP CLIENT HAS BUILT-IN SUPPORT FOR CACHING WEB SERVICE REQUESTS
40. $memcache = new Memcache(); $memcache->connect('localhost', 11211); ! $memcacheDriver = new Doctrine\Common\Cache\MemcacheCache(); $memcacheDriver->setMemcache($memcache); ! $client = new Guzzle\HttpClient(‘http://www.test.com/’); ! $cachePlugin = new Guzzle\Plugin\Cache\CachePlugin(array( ‘storage’ => new Guzzle\Plugin\Cache\DefaultCacheStorage( new Guzzle\Plugin\Cache\DoctrineCacheAdapter($memcacheDriver) ) )); $client->addSubscriber($cachePlugin); ! $response = $client->get(‘http://www.wikipedia.org/’)->send(); ! $response = $client->get(‘http://www.wikipedia.org/’)->send();
41. DOCTRINE ORM FOR PHP HAS BUILT-IN CACHING SUPPORT FOR MEMCACHED AND REDIS
42. $memcache = new Memcache(); $memcache->connect('localhost', 11211); ! $memcacheDriver = new Doctrine\Common\Cache\MemcacheCache(); $memcacheDriver->setMemcache($memcache); ! $config = new Doctrine\ORM\Configuration(); $config->setQueryCacheImpl($memcacheDriver); $config->setMetadataCacheImpl($memcacheDriver); $config->setResultCacheImpl($memcacheDriver); ! $entityManager = Doctrine\ORM\EntityManager::create(array(‘driver’ => ‘pdo_sqlite’, ‘path’ => __DIR__ . ‘/db.sqlite’), $config); ! $query = $em->createQuery(‘select u from EntitiesUser u’); $query->useResultCache(true, 60); ! $users = $query->getResult();
43. DO BLOCKING WORK IN BACKGROUND TASKS VIA QUEUES
44. • Resque • Gearman • RabbitMQ • Kafka • Beanstalkd • ZeroMQ • ActiveMQ
45. RESQUE
46. • Any process that is slow and not important for the http response should be queued • Sending notifications + posting to social accounts • Analytics + Instrumentation • Updating profiles and discovering friends from social accounts • Consuming web services like Twitter Streaming API
51. LEVERAGE HTTP CACHING
54. EXPIRES OR INVALIDATION
55. EXPIRATION
58. VALIDATION
61. EXPIRATION AND INVALIDATION
65. SYMFONY2 HTTPFOUNDATION COMPONENT WITH HTTP CACHING
66. use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response; ! $response = new Response(‘Hello World!’, 200, array(‘content-type’ => ‘text/html’)); ! $response->setCache(array( ‘etag’ => ‘a_unique_id_for_this_resource’, ‘last_modified’ => new DateTime(), ‘max_age’ => 600, ‘s_maxage’ => 600, ‘private’ => false, ‘public’ => true, ));
67. use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request; use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response; ! $request = Request::createFromGlobals(); ! $response = new Response(‘Hello World!’, 200, array(‘content-type’ => ‘text/html’)); ! if ($response->isNotModified($request)) { $response->send(); }
68. • Varnish • Squid • Nginx Proxy Cache • Apache Proxy Cache
69. USE VARNISH AS A REVERSE PROXY CACHE TO ALLEVIATE LOAD ON YOUR APP SERVERS
70. OPTIMIZE YOUR FRAMEWORK!
72. • Stay up-to-date with the latest stable version of your favorite framework • Disable features you are not using (I18N, Security, etc) • Always use a data cache like Memcached/Redis • Enable caching features for views and database result sets • Always use a HTTP cache like Varnish
73. LEARN TO HOW TO PROFILE CODE FOR PHP PERFORMANCE
74. XDEBUG + WEBGRIND
76. XHPROF + XHPROF GUI
83. PHP AS GLUE
84. BACKEND = JAVA/SCALA/ ERLANG/GO/NODE
    ! FRONTEND = PHP OR JAVASCRIPT
85. YAHOO! & YPHP Move slow code to PHP extensions
86. FACEBOOK & HHVM
    A drop-in replacement for PHP (mostly)
90. • Upgrade to PHP 5.5 with Zend OpCache using PHP-PFM + Nginx • Stay up to date with your framework + dependencies (using Composer) • Optimize your session store to use signed cookies or database with caching • Cache your database and web service access with Memcache or Redis • Do blocking work in the background with queues and tasks using Resque • Use HTTP caching and a reverse proxy cache like Varnish • Profile code with Xdebug + Webgrind and monitor production performance
91. DON’T FORGET TO OPTIMIZE THE CLIENT SIDE
92. IN MODERN WEB APPLICATIONS MOST OF THE LATENCY COMES FROM THE CLIENT SIDE
93. USE ASSETIC TO OPTIMIZE CLIENT-SIDE ASSETS
94. GOOGLE PAGESPEED
95. GOOGLE PAGESPEED INSIGHTS
98. GOOGLE PAGESPEED API
99. CURL "HTTPS://WWW.GOOGLEAPIS.COM/ PAGESPEEDONLINE/V1/RUNPAGESPEED? URL=HTTP://DUSTINWHITTLE.COM/ &KEY=XXX"
100. SCALABILITY IS ABOUT THE ENTIRE ARCHITECTURE, NOT SOME MINOR CODE OPTIMIZATIONS.
101. QUESTIONS?
102. FIND THESE SLIDES ON SPEAKERDECK:
     ! SPEAKERDECK.COM/DUSTINWHITTLE