C3LO

Organizations and Information System

Transcript

1. Chapter 3 : Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Management Information System Erny Arniza Ahmad Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah
2. Learning Objective #1 Organization and information systems How information systems impact organizations and business firms Using information systems to achieve competitive advantage Which features of organizations do managers need to know about to build and use information systems successfully? Using information systems to achieve competitive advantage
3. Organizations & Information Systems Information technology and organizations influence each other. Organization’s relationship mediating factors: Structure Business processes Politics Culture Environment Management decisions
4. The Two-way Relationship Between Organizations And Information Technology
5. What is an Organization? Technical definition Behavioral definition
6. The Technical Microeconomic Definition Of The Organization
7. The Behavioral View Of Organizations
8. Organizations & Information Systems How do these definitions of organizations relate to information systems technology? 8 The technical definition tells us how thousands of firms in competitive markets combine capital, labor, and information technology. The behavioral model takes us inside the individual firm to see how that technology affects the organization’s inner workings.
9. Features of Organizations Organization features Hierarchical structure Accountability Principle of efficiency
10. Organizations and Information Systems Organization Features Routines and business processes Organizational politics Organizational culture Organizational environments Organizational structures Others: Goals Constituencies Leadership styles
11. Features of Organizations 11 1. Routines and Business Processes Routines (standard operating procedures) •Precise rules, procedures, and practices developed to cope with virtually all expected situations Business processes •Collections of routines Business firm •Collection of business processes
12. Features of Organizations
13. Features of Organizations 2. Organizational Politics Divergent viewpoints lead to political struggle, competition, and conflict. Political resistance greatly hampers organizational change.
14. Features of Organizations 3. Organizational Culture Encompasses set of assumptions that define goal and product • What products the organization should produce • How and where it should be produced • For whom the products should be produced May be powerful unifying force as well as restraint on change
15. Features of Organizations 4. Organizational Environments Organizations and environments have a reciprocal relationship. Organizations are open to, and dependent on, the social and physical environment. Organizations can influence their environments. •Information systems can be instrument of environmental scanning, act as a lens. Environments generally change faster than organizations.
16. Features of Organizations
17. Features of Organizations Substitute products that perform as well as or better, often much better, than anything currently produced First movers and fast followers • The car substituted for the horse- drawn carriage; the word processor for typewriters; the Apple iPod for portable CD players; digital photography for process film photography. • First movers—inventors of disruptive technologies • Fast followers—firms with the size and resources to capitalize on that technology
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20. Features of Organizations Organizational structure Entrepreneurial Small start-up business Machine bureaucracy Midsize manufacturing firm Divisionalized bureaucracy Fortune 500 firms Professional bureaucracy Law firms, school systems, hospitals Adhocracy Consulting firms 5. Organizational Structure All organizations have a structure or shape. Mintzberg’s classification, identifies five basic kinds of organizational structure
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22. Features of Organizations 6. Other organizational features Goals - Coercive, utilitarian, normative, and so on Constituencies Leadership styles - Democratic, authoritarian Tasks - Routine, non-routine
23. Point 3.1 23 Organizations and information systems influence each other. Each organization shares common characteristics that an information system can enhance. On the other hand, each organization has unique characteristics that should be taken into account when incorporating technology. The organization should determine how the technology is incorporated and not let the information system totally dictate the organizational structure.
24. Reference Kenneth C. Laudon And Jane P. Laudon, Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, 14th edition (Global Edition), Pearson Prentice Hall, 2016. 24