A Day Has Only 24±1 Hours (PyCon Africa 2020)

Transcript

1. A Day Has Only 24±1 Hours Miroslav Šedivý   eumiro 1
2. A Day Has Only 24±1 Hours   eumiro 2
3. A Day Has Only 24±1 Hours check the time   eumiro 2
4. A Day Has Only 24±1 Hours check the time don't check the time too often   eumiro 2
5. A Day Has Only 24±1 Hours check the time don't check the time too often check what your government does   eumiro 2
6. Miroslav Šedivý [ˈmɪrɔslaʋ ˈʃɛɟɪviː]   eumiro 3
7. Miroslav Šedivý [ˈmɪrɔslaʋ ˈʃɛɟɪviː] born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (TZ=Europe/Bratislava)   eumiro 3
8. Miroslav Šedivý [ˈmɪrɔslaʋ ˈʃɛɟɪviː] born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (TZ=Europe/Bratislava) M.Sc. at INSA Lyon, France (TZ=Europe/Paris)   eumiro 3
9. Miroslav Šedivý [ˈmɪrɔslaʋ ˈʃɛɟɪviː] born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (TZ=Europe/Bratislava) M.Sc. at INSA Lyon, France (TZ=Europe/Paris) Software Developer at solute GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany (TZ=Europe/Berlin)   eumiro 3
10. Miroslav Šedivý [ˈmɪrɔslaʋ ˈʃɛɟɪviː] born in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (TZ=Europe/Bratislava) M.Sc. at INSA Lyon, France (TZ=Europe/Paris) Software Developer at solute GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany (TZ=Europe/Berlin)   eumiro 3
11. Saturday, 8th August 2020   eumiro 4
12. Saturday, 8th August 2020 09:02 GMT (Accra, Ghana)   eumiro 4
13. Saturday, 8th August 2020 09:02 GMT (Accra, Ghana) 10:02 WAT (Lagos, Nigeria)   eumiro 4
14. Saturday, 8th August 2020 09:02 GMT (Accra, Ghana) 10:02 WAT (Lagos, Nigeria) 11:02 CAT (Harare, Zimbabwe), CEST (Karlsruhe, Germany)   eumiro 4
15. Saturday, 8th August 2020 09:02 GMT (Accra, Ghana) 10:02 WAT (Lagos, Nigeria) 11:02 CAT (Harare, Zimbabwe), CEST (Karlsruhe, Germany) 12:02 EAT (Nairobi, Kenya)   eumiro 4
16. >>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now()   eumiro 5
17. >>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) # in Accra   eumiro 5
18. >>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) # in Accra datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0) # in Lagos   eumiro 5
19. >>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) # in Accra datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0) # in Lagos datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 11, 2, 0, 0) # in Harare and Karlsruhe   eumiro 5
20. >>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) # in Accra datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0) # in Lagos datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 11, 2, 0, 0) # in Harare and Karlsruhe datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 12, 2, 0, 0) # in Nairobi   eumiro 5
21. >>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) # in Accra datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0) # in Lagos datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 11, 2, 0, 0) # in Harare and Karlsruhe datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 12, 2, 0, 0) # in Nairobi datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) # server set to UTC   eumiro 5
22. >>> import datetime >>> datetime.datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) # in Accra datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0) # in Lagos datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 11, 2, 0, 0) # in Harare and Karlsruhe datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 12, 2, 0, 0) # in Nairobi datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) # server set to UTC >>> datetime.datetime.utcnow() datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) # everywhere   eumiro 5
23. >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)   eumiro 6
24. >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc) >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=1))) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(0, 3600)))   eumiro 6
25. >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc) >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=1))) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(0, 3600))) >>> import pytz >>> datetime.datetime.now(pytz.timezone('Africa/Lagos')) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Africa/Lagos' WAT+1:00:00 STD>)   eumiro 6
26. >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc) >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=1))) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(0, 3600))) >>> import pytz >>> datetime.datetime.now(pytz.timezone('Africa/Lagos')) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Africa/Lagos' WAT+1:00:00 STD>) >>> now_naive = datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0) # Lagos   eumiro 6
27. >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc) >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=1))) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(0, 3600))) >>> import pytz >>> datetime.datetime.now(pytz.timezone('Africa/Lagos')) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Africa/Lagos' WAT+1:00:00 STD>) >>> now_naive = datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0) # Lagos >>> now_naive.replace(tzinfo=pytz.timezone('Africa/Lagos')) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Africa/Lagos' LMT+0:14:00 STD>)   eumiro 6
28. >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc) >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=1))) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(0, 3600))) >>> import pytz >>> datetime.datetime.now(pytz.timezone('Africa/Lagos')) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Africa/Lagos' WAT+1:00:00 STD>) >>> now_naive = datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0) # Lagos >>> now_naive.replace(tzinfo=pytz.timezone('Africa/Lagos')) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Africa/Lagos' LMT+0:14:00 STD>) >>> pytz.timezone('Africa/Lagos').localize(now_naive) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Africa/Lagos' WAT+1:00:00 STD>)   eumiro 6
29. >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc) >>> datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=1))) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(0, 3600))) >>> import pytz >>> datetime.datetime.now(pytz.timezone('Africa/Lagos')) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Africa/Lagos' WAT+1:00:00 STD>) >>> now_naive = datetime.now() datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0) # Lagos >>> now_naive.replace(tzinfo=pytz.timezone('Africa/Lagos')) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Africa/Lagos' LMT+0:14:00 STD>) >>> pytz.timezone('Africa/Lagos').localize(now_naive) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, tzinfo=<DstTzInfo 'Africa/Lagos' WAT+1:00:00 STD>) >>> from dateutil import tz >>> now_naive.replace(tzinfo=tz.gettz('Africa/Lagos')) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, tzinfo=tzfile('/usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Lagos'))   eumiro 6
30. PEP 615 Support for the IANA Time Zone Database in the Standard Library Python 3.9+ using system's TZINFO   eumiro 7
31. PEP 615 Support for the IANA Time Zone Database in the Standard Library Python 3.9+ using system's TZINFO >>> import zoneinfo >>> datetime.datetime.now(zoneinfo.ZoneInfo('Africa/Lagos')) datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 10, 2, 0, 0, tzinfo=ZoneInfo('Africa/Lagos')) >>> print(now) 2020-08-08 10:02:00+01:00   eumiro 7
32. >>> date = datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%Y-%m-%d') >>> weekday = datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%A') '2020-08-08' 'Saturday'   eumiro 8
33. >>> date = datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%Y-%m-%d') >>> weekday = datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%A') '2020-08-08' 'Saturday' >>> now = datetime.datetime.utcnow() >>> date = now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') >>> weekday = now.strftime('%A')   eumiro 8
34. >>> date = datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%Y-%m-%d') >>> weekday = datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%A') '2020-08-08' 'Saturday' >>> now = datetime.datetime.utcnow() >>> date = now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') >>> weekday = now.strftime('%A') Check the time only once!   eumiro 8
35. >>> start = datetime.datetime.utcnow() # datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) >>> expensive_operation() >>> end = datetime.datetime.utcnow() # datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 1, 0) >>> elapsed = (end - start).total_seconds() # datetime.timedelta(seconds=1) -> 1.   eumiro 9
36. >>> start = datetime.datetime.utcnow() # datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) >>> expensive_operation() >>> end = datetime.datetime.utcnow() # datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 1, 0) >>> elapsed = (end - start).total_seconds() # datetime.timedelta(seconds=1) -> 1. >>> one_second = datetime.timedelta(seconds=1) >>> elapsed = (end - start) / one_second # 1.   eumiro 9
37. >>> start = datetime.datetime.utcnow() # datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) >>> expensive_operation() >>> end = datetime.datetime.utcnow() # datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 1, 0) >>> elapsed = (end - start).total_seconds() # datetime.timedelta(seconds=1) -> 1. >>> one_second = datetime.timedelta(seconds=1) >>> elapsed = (end - start) / one_second # 1. >>> start = time.time() # 1596877320.0 >>> expensive_operation() >>> end = time.time() # 1596877321.0 >>> elapsed = end - start # 1.0   eumiro 9
38. >>> start = datetime.datetime.utcnow() # datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) >>> expensive_operation() >>> end = datetime.datetime.utcnow() # datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 1, 0) >>> elapsed = (end - start).total_seconds() # datetime.timedelta(seconds=1) -> 1. >>> one_second = datetime.timedelta(seconds=1) >>> elapsed = (end - start) / one_second # 1. >>> start = time.time() # 1596877320.0 >>> expensive_operation() >>> end = time.time() # 1596877321.0 >>> elapsed = end - start # 1.0 >>> start = time.monotonic() # 5.0 >>> expensive_operation() >>> end = time.monotonic() # 6.0 >>> elapsed = end - start # 1.0   eumiro 9
39. >>> start = datetime.datetime.utcnow() # datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 0, 0) >>> expensive_operation() >>> end = datetime.datetime.utcnow() # datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 8, 9, 2, 1, 0) >>> elapsed = (end - start).total_seconds() # datetime.timedelta(seconds=1) -> 1. >>> one_second = datetime.timedelta(seconds=1) >>> elapsed = (end - start) / one_second # 1. >>> start = time.time() # 1596877320.0 >>> expensive_operation() >>> end = time.time() # 1596877321.0 >>> elapsed = end - start # 1.0 >>> start = time.monotonic() # 5.0 >>> expensive_operation() >>> end = time.monotonic() # 6.0 >>> elapsed = end - start # 1.0 >>> time.monotonic_ns() # 6000000000   eumiro 9
40.   eumiro 10
41. >>> len(pytz.common_timezones) 440   eumiro 11
42. >>> len(pytz.common_timezones) 440   eumiro 11
43. https://www.iana.org/time-zones   eumiro 12
44. https://www.iana.org/time-zones tzdata2020a.tar.gz (2020-04-23, 387kB)   eumiro 12
45. https://www.iana.org/time-zones tzdata2020a.tar.gz (2020-04-23, 387kB) 61223 15. Apr 07:20 africa 252 25. Mai 2017 LICENSE 12975 17. Jun 2019 antarctica 44011 22. Apr 02:21 Makefile 167836 15. Apr 19:49 asia 180220 24. Apr 01:04 NEWS 91402 2. Sep 2019 australasia 160032 6. Mär 02:06 northamerica 4641 20. Nov 00:16 backward 1249 17. Jun 2019 pacificnew 24273 15. Apr 19:50 backzone 2351 1. Feb 2019 README 5567 2. Okt 2017 calendars 88304 1. Sep 2019 southamerica 1008 2. Jun 2017 checklinks.awk 1594 17. Jun 2019 systemv 4473 22. Jun 2019 checktab.awk 59824 22. Apr 02:21 theory.html 3042 5. Okt 2018 CONTRIBUTING 6 24. Apr 01:04 version 2768 8. Mär 2019 etcetera 753 16. Jul 2018 yearistype.sh 176382 2. Apr 22:31 europe 3694 1. Nov 2018 ziguard.awk 404 17. Jun 2019 factory 8446 17. Mai 2019 zishrink.awk 4463 20. Feb 2019 iso3166.tab 17911 10. Mär 01:39 zone1970.tab 3142 15. Jan 03:15 leapseconds 1453 17. Jun 2019 zoneinfo2tdf.pl 8563 15. Jan 03:15 leapseconds.awk 19397 10. Mär 01:39 zone.tab 10665 11. Jan 02:05 leap-seconds.list   eumiro 12
46.   eumiro 13
47.   eumiro 14
48. # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT   eumiro 15
49. # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena   eumiro 15
50. # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 0:00 - GMT Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 - Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020   eumiro 15
51. # Nigeria # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1:00 - WAT   eumiro 16
52. # Nigeria # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1:00 - WAT Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin   eumiro 16
53. # Mozambique # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT   eumiro 17
54. # Mozambique # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia   eumiro 17
55. # Kenya # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - +0230 1940 2:45 - +0245 1960 3:00 - EAT   eumiro 18
56. # Kenya # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - +0230 1940 2:45 - +0245 1960 3:00 - EAT Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte   eumiro 18
57. # Algeria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -   eumiro 19
58. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 1:00 - CET   eumiro 20
59. Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jun 28 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2085 only - May 27 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - # For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that # Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will # need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the # rules first.   eumiro 21
60.   eumiro 22
61.   eumiro 23
62. Europe/Istanbul Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.   eumiro 24
63. Europe/Istanbul Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 3:00 - +03   eumiro 24
64. Europe/Istanbul Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1985 Apr 20 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 3:00 - +03 (2011-03-10): […] Turkey will change into summer time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. [URL] Turkish: [URL]   eumiro 24
65. 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u […] (2014-02-14): The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the Turkish Local election.... [URL] ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. […] (2014-04-15): Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. […] (2014-06-15): The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: [URL from 2014-03-30] I guess the best we can do is document the official time.   eumiro 25
66. 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u […] (2015-09-29): It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 [URL] BBC News (2015-10-25): Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. [URL]   eumiro 26
67. 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 3:00 - +03 […] (2016-09-08): Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter.... [URL] […] (2016-09-07): The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey. It takes effect today, which is not much notice. […] (2017-10-28): Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10. [URL] […] (2017-11-08): ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous": [URL] […] (2017-11-08): Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03.   eumiro 27
68. America/Caracas Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890 -4:27:40 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time? -4:30 - -0430 1965 Jan 1 0:00 -4:00 - -04 2007 Dec 9 3:00 -4:30 - -0430 2016 May 1 2:30 -4:00 - -04 […] (2016-04-15): Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30.... […] [URL from Reuters] […] (2016-04-20): ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here: [URL from .ve]   eumiro 28
69. America/Port-au-Prince Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S Rule Haiti 2017 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 2017 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S […] (2005-04-15) […] wrote me that Haiti is now on DST. I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31), […] […] (2006-04-04) I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like last year […] […] (2012-03-11) According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year, apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada. […] […] (2013-03-10) It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules as US/Canada. They did it last year as well, and it looks like they are going to observe DST every year now... […] […] (2016-03-12) […] informed us that Haiti are not going on DST this year. […] […] (2017-03-12) We have received 4 mails from different people telling that Haiti has started DST again today, and this source seems to confirm that, I have not been able to find a more authoritative source: [URL]   eumiro 29
70. Asia/Seoul, Asia/Pyongyang Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 | Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 | 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 | 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 | 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 | 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 9:00 ROK K%sT | 9:00 - KST   eumiro 30
71. Asia/Seoul, Asia/Pyongyang Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 | Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 | 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 | 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 | 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 | 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 9:00 ROK K%sT | 9:00 - KST […] (2015-08-07) According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to the 8:30 time zone on August 15 […] (2015-08-15) Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. […]   eumiro 30
72. Asia/Seoul, Asia/Pyongyang Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 | Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 | 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 | 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 | 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 | 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 9:00 ROK K%sT | 9:00 - KST […] (2015-08-07) According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to the 8:30 time zone on August 15 […] (2015-08-15) Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. […] […] (2018-04-29) North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). […] (2018-04-30) […] It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column.   eumiro 30
73. https://www.iana.org/time-zones tzdata2020a.tar.gz (2020-04-23, 387kB)   eumiro 31
74. https://www.iana.org/time-zones tzdata2020a.tar.gz (2020-04-23, 387kB) 61223 15. Apr 07:20 africa 252 25. Mai 2017 LICENSE 12975 17. Jun 2019 antarctica 44011 22. Apr 02:21 Makefile 167836 15. Apr 19:49 asia 180220 24. Apr 01:04 NEWS 91402 2. Sep 2019 australasia 160032 6. Mär 02:06 northamerica 4641 20. Nov 00:16 backward 1249 17. Jun 2019 pacificnew 24273 15. Apr 19:50 backzone 2351 1. Feb 2019 README 5567 2. Okt 2017 calendars 88304 1. Sep 2019 southamerica 1008 2. Jun 2017 checklinks.awk 1594 17. Jun 2019 systemv 4473 22. Jun 2019 checktab.awk 59824 22. Apr 02:21 theory.html 3042 5. Okt 2018 CONTRIBUTING 6 24. Apr 01:04 version 2768 8. Mär 2019 etcetera 753 16. Jul 2018 yearistype.sh 176382 2. Apr 22:31 europe 3694 1. Nov 2018 ziguard.awk 404 17. Jun 2019 factory 8446 17. Mai 2019 zishrink.awk 4463 20. Feb 2019 iso3166.tab 17911 10. Mär 01:39 zone1970.tab 3142 15. Jan 03:15 leapseconds 1453 17. Jun 2019 zoneinfo2tdf.pl 8563 15. Jan 03:15 leapseconds.awk 19397 10. Mär 01:39 zone.tab 10665 11. Jan 02:05 leap-seconds.list   eumiro 31
75. Best practices don't invent your own time zones   eumiro 32
76. Best practices don't invent your own time zones don't hard code any rules   eumiro 32
77. Best practices don't invent your own time zones don't hard code any rules keep your time zone libs up-to-date   eumiro 32
78. Best practices don't invent your own time zones don't hard code any rules keep your time zone libs up-to-date follow your government's intentions to modify your time zone and inform tz@iana.org   eumiro 32
79. Best practices don't invent your own time zones don't hard code any rules keep your time zone libs up-to-date follow your government's intentions to modify your time zone and inform tz@iana.org AVOID TIME ZONES IF YOU CAN!   eumiro 32
80. Best practices don't invent your own time zones don't hard code any rules keep your time zone libs up-to-date follow your government's intentions to modify your time zone and inform tz@iana.org AVOID TIME ZONES IF YOU CAN! Miroslav Šedivý   eumiro 32