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A startup journey on AWS: from Monolith to Serverless

A startup journey on AWS: from Monolith to Serverless

Given at ASEAN Summit Online 2021

Launching a startup is a race against time: speed and agility are key to winning this race. The ultimate goal of a development team is to focus on delivering features and business value to customers, not to spend time maintaining/scaling the infrastructure.

In this session, Asyrique Thevendran, Technical Founder and CTO of Vase.ai, will showcase how the company transitioned from monolith to serverless functions and how he leverages AWS Technologies to enable Vase.ai customers to gather customer behaviour insights from their potential markets.

Mohammed Fazalullah

July 28, 2021
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  1. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All

    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. A Startup Journey on AWS: from Monolith to Serverless Mohammed Fazalullah Developer Specialist SA Amazon Web Services Asyrique Thevendran Co-founder & CTO Vase.ai D E V 3 0 1
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • Developer Specialist Solutions Architect • Helping developers build on the AWS cloud • 16+ years building products and engg teams Hi! I’m Faz
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Startup Roadmaps Architectures Why Serverless Migrating a monolith to serverless microservices Vase.ai’s journey to serverless Takeaways Agenda
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    rights reserved. Time Until Impact Roadmap Prioritisation in a Startup End of runway Needed At Roadmap Features #1 #2 #3 Needed At Needed At
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    rights reserved. Time Until Impact Roadmap Prioritisation in a Startup End of runway Needed At Roadmap Features #1 #2 #3 #4 Needed At Needed At Needed At
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Focus on building applications
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Focus on building applications Win Customers
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Focus on building applications Win Customers Build better products
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Focus on building applications Win Customers Build better products Release features faster
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Focus on building applications Win Customers Build better products Release features faster Experiment and Innovate more often
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Focus on building applications Win Customers Build better products Release features faster Experiment and Innovate more often Focus on business logic
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. If you build it…
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. If you build it… You must run it
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. No infrastructure provisioning, no management Scale automatically Pay for value Highly available and secure Build Less, Deliver More : The Serverless Paradigm
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. “The reality, of course, today is that if you come up with a great idea you don't get to go quickly to a successful product. There's a lot of undifferentiated heavy lifting that stands between your idea and that success." Jeff Bezos Chief Executive Officer, Amazon
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Monolith Does everything It’s OK to start with a Monolith
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Monolith Does everything It’s OK to start with a Monolith, but… Disadvantages • Maintainability • Long deployment cycles • Scalability • Inflexibility
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Microservices Microservices Does one thing
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    rights reserved. Types of applications built on AWS Server-based applications Containerized applications Serverless applications
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. What is serverless? No infrastructure provisioning, no management Automatic scaling Pay for value Highly available and secure
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. High-level, purpose-built services Code is almost exclusively business logic (less boilerplate) Pay-per-use pricing Serverless applications
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Greater peace of mind
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. “No server is easier to manage than no server.” Werner Vogels VP & CTO, Amazon.com
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. AWS Lambda AWS Fargate Amazon API Gateway Amazon SNS Amazon SQS AWS Step Functions COMPUTE DATA STORES INTEGRATION AWS AppSync Amazon Aurora Serverless Amazon S3 Amazon DynamoDB Amazon EventBridge
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Lambda functions API Gateway Core business logic RESTful microservices DynamoDB https://api.myapp.com AWS Cloud Mobile app Starting with serverless is simple
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1-n Lambda function sets 1-n API Gateways Microservices environment . . . . . . Various clients, potentially including other microservices Various data tier components, as needed AWS Cloud DynamoDB Mobile client Amazon ElastiCache Amazon S3 Serverless scales easily IoT sensor Client
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Lambda functions Amazon S3 API Gateway Dynamic website content Web application Amazon CloudFront distribution Static website content (HTML/JS/CSS) DynamoDB Amazon RDS ElastiCache Amazon S3 https://api.example.com www.example.com VPC AWS Cloud Web browser Traditional services also work
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Lambda functions Amazon Cognito API Gateway AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) Core business logic Mobile backend User identity management DynamoDB Amazon RDS ElastiCache Amazon S3 https://api.myapp.com AWS Cloud VPC Mobile app Core business logic elements can be functions or containers Lambda functions
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Lambda functions Amazon Cognito API Gateway AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) Core business logic Mobile backend User identity management DynamoDB Amazon RDS ElastiCache Amazon S3 https://api.myapp.com AWS Cloud VPC Mobile app Core business logic elements can be functions or containers
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Lambda functions Amazon Cognito API Gateway AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) Core business logic Mobile backend User identity management DynamoDB Amazon RDS ElastiCache Amazon S3 https://api.myapp.com AWS Cloud VPC Mobile app Core business logic elements can be functions or containers Amazon ECS
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Serverless functions or serverless containers? Serverless Containers • Long-running • Abstracts the platform • Fully-managed orchestration • Fully-managed cluster scaling AWS Fargate Serverless Functions • Short-lived • Event-driven • Many language runtimes • Data source integrations • Fully-managed infrastructure AWS Lambda
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. “Going serverless frees you to focus on activities that set your company apart, like product innovation.” Werner Vogels Chief Technology Officer, Amazon
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Strangler pattern strategy
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. “An alternative route is to gradually create a new system around the edges of the old, letting it grow slowly over several years until the old system is strangled.” Martin Fowler Chief Scientist, ThoughtWorks
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. AWS Cloud VPC Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2 Web and app layer Amazon EC2 instances ELB Amazon RDS primary Database layer Synchronous replication RDS standby Region Users Auto Scaling group EC2 instances Step 1: Re-host application
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. AWS Cloud VPC Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2 Web and app layer Amazon EC2 instances ELB Amazon RDS primary Database layer Synchronous replication RDS standby Region Users Auto Scaling group EC2 instances Step 1: Re-host application
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Step 2: Facade with Amazon API Gateway AWS Cloud VPC Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2 Region Users API Gateway EC2 instances ELB RDS primary Synchronous replication RDS standby Auto Scaling group EC2 instances Web and app layer Database layer
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. AWS Cloud VPC Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2 Region Users API Gateway Amazon CloudWatch EC2 instances ELB RDS primary Synchronous replication RDS standby Auto Scaling group EC2 instances Step 3: Detect & measure hot spots Web and app layer Database layer
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Step 3: Detect & measure hot spots AWS Cloud VPC Availability Zone 1 Availability Zone 2 Region Users API Gateway AWS X-Ray EC2 instances ELB RDS primary Synchronous replication RDS standby Auto Scaling group EC2 instances Web and app layer Database layer
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. AWS Cloud VPC Region Users API Gateway Lambda function hot spot 1 EC2 instances ELB RDS primary Synchronous replication RDS standby Auto Scaling group EC2 instances AWS Database Migration Service Amazon DynamoDB Step 4: Create AWS Lambda for top hot spot Web and app layer Database layer
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. AWS Cloud VPC S 3 Region Users API Gateway Lambda function hot spot 1 EC2 instances ELB RDS primary Synchronous replication RDS standby Auto Scaling group EC2 instances Amazon DynamoDB AWS Database Migration Service Function invocations 10% > every hour Step 5: Canary release Web and app layer Database layer
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Step 6: Iteratively strangulate AWS Cloud VPC EC2 instance EC2 instance ELB RDS primary Synchronous replication RDS standby Region Users Auto Scaling group API Gateway Lambda function hot spot 1 Function invocations DynamoDB EC2 instances ELB Aurora AWS Database Migration Service Web and app layer Database layer
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Step 7: “Not with a bang but a whimper” AWS Cloud VPC ELB Region Users API Gateway Lambda function hot spot 1 DynamoDB EC2 instances ELB Aurora RDS AWS Fargate Function invocations
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. “Serverless is the fastest way to build modern applications” Adrian Cockcroft VP Cloud Architecture Strategy, Amazon Web Services
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Vase.ai’s Journey to Serverless
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Technical co-founder and CTO at On a mission to: • Make human behaviour more understandable • Build better and fairer systems to collect and compensate humans for their behavioural data • Analyse the data so companies and governments can build better products Who am I
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Monolith First, Always Our monolith Signs serverless is the right choice for an app Lambda to the rescue Serverless today at Vase.ai Gotchas Signs serverless is not the right choice for an app Agenda
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. "Almost all the cases where I've heard of a system that was built as a microservice system from scratch, it has ended up in serious trouble." Martin Fowler Chief Scientist, Thoughtworks
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • As a startup, your first few years are going to be running, and running hard. • Monoliths are great for quickly adding new functionality. • Monoliths are great because they're easy to sanity-test. • Monoliths are great for vertically scaling. • Monoliths are great because they're easy to develop on and on-board. • Even if you know, in your heart-of-hearts that you're going to need split up things into services eventually, hold out for as long as possible, to make sure you have the least uncertainty when you start breaking out your monolith. Monolith First, Always
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Our monolith mailerv1 User signup Payments Sampling Response counting User events Realtime reporting websocket Email rendering User auth Notification rendering Referral counting Withdrawal and bank API 3rd party event ingestion
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • Bursty traffic. • Different parts of the system needed to scale differently. • "Glue"-ing parts of AWS together. • Org architecture. Signs serverless is the right choice for an app
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • Two schools of thought: Start at the hottest end or the coolest end. • Hottest: Quick feedback, stuff immediately breaks and you can immediately fix it. • Coolest: Lowest risk as less used, but if there's something wrong, you'll only find out days / months later. • We did both. Started with both the hottest and coolest stateless functions, then moved them to Lambda using Serverless Framework. • Hottest function: Survey Engine (getQuestions API call) • Coldest function: PPT export generator Lambda to the rescue
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Vase.ai Platform now(-ish) 1-n Lambda function sets 1-n API Gateways . . . . . . Various data tier components, as needed AWS Cloud DynamoDB Mobile client Amazon ElastiCache Amazon S3 Client
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • Main data collection system is fully serverless. • All services are containerised stateless services running in Docker or Lambda. • Stateless apps either publish or subscribe to event bus. • Lambda is preferred choice when experimenting with small apps / MVPs. • Current experiments: • Lambda for server-side rendering when client side internet connection speed is detected as slow or device is detected as an older model. • Lambda for massively-parallelisable pivot table calculations when analysing data collected from respondents across n-dimensions. Serverless today at Vase.ai
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • Two ways for serverless apps to communicate with each other: Event bus (log) or RPC. Using a DB as a way to communicate is a recipe for sleepless nights. • Database scaling and tuning becomes very important, as many thousands of instances of your serverless app can suddenly spawn and try to connect to your DB. • Whether event bus or RPC, make sure the API is fully documented and fully updated. If possible, make documentation automated. GraphQL is a partial solution. • As much as possible, make your services stateless, or horizontal scaling still won't be possible. Gotchas
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. • Licensed by number of cores / instances • Utilises specialised hardware (GPUs / FPGAs) • Cannot be made stateless • Not inherently parallelisable or splitable into parallelisable components. • Very high RAM MB / CPU core requirements • Not event-driven Signs serverless is not the right choice for an app
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. “If Amazon.com were starting today, it would go serverless” Andy Jassy Chief Executive Officer, Amazon Web Services
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Serverless is there for you, at every layer Compute & access AWS Lambda AWS Lambda@Edge AWS Fargate Amazon API Gateway AWS Step Functions
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Serverless is there for you, at every layer Compute & access AWS Lambda AWS Lambda@Edge AWS Fargate Storage Amazon DynamoDB Amazon Aurora Serverless Amazon ES Amazon S3 Amazon RDS Proxy Amazon API Gateway AWS Step Functions
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Serverless is there for you, at every layer Compute & access AWS Lambda AWS Lambda@Edge AWS Fargate Storage Amazon DynamoDB Amazon Aurora Serverless Amazon ES Amazon S3 Amazon RDS Proxy Messaging & streaming Amazon SNS Amazon SQS Amazon Kinesis Data Streams Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose Amazon EventBridge Amazon AppSync Amazon API Gateway AWS Step Functions
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Serverless is there for you, at every layer User & identity management Amazon Cognito AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Serverless is there for you, at every layer User & identity management Amazon Cognito Delivery at the edge Amazon CloudFront Amazon API Gateway Edge-optimized AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Serverless is there for you, at every layer User & identity management Amazon Cognito Delivery at the edge Amazon CloudFront Amazon API Gateway Edge-optimized Analytics Amazon Athena Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Serverless is there for you, at every layer Provisioning & monitoring AWS SAM Amazon CloudWatch AWS X-Ray AWS Amplify Development tools AWS CodeCommit AWS CodeBuild AWS CodeDeploy AWS CodePipeline AWS CodeArtifact AWS CDK
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Takeaways
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Monoliths to microservices – it’s not just about tech Cultural Philosophy Practices Tools • Tearing down barriers • Between teams • Mid-process • Assign a custodian team that is in charge of the development, maintenance and operation of microservices • More ownership and cross-functional skills in the team • Adoption of a mindset that security is everyone’s job • Increase visibility to the big picture and the results of work being done
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Think about DevOps best practices Cultural Philosophy Practices Tools • Clearly defined APIs • Continuous integration • Application testing/QA applied throughout the development • Continuous delivery • Automated deployment capabilities of code across environments • Infrastructure as Code • Break down complicated monolithic applications in to smaller ones
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Choose the right tool for the job, automate Cultural Philosophy Practices Tools • Automated development pipeline tooling • Application testing frameworks • Code review/feedback tools • Application management tools • Configuration management tools • Consistent infrastructure measurement tools • Metrics • Logging • Monitoring • Security analysis and management tools
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Resources
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The Amazon Builders’ Library Architecture, software delivery, and operations By Amazon’s senior technical executives and engineers Real-world practices with detailed explanations Content available for free on the website How Amazon builds and operates software Guidance from Amazon’s leading engineers on how to build modern cloud applications
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Example Builders’ Library content Many more at aws.amazon.com/builders-library
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    rights reserved. © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Learn DevOps with AWS Training and Certification R E S O U R C E S C R E A T E D B Y T H E E X P E R T S A T A W S T O H E L P Y O U B U I L D A N D V A L I D A T E D E V O P S S K I L L S Visit aws.training/DevOps Learn online with 45+ free digital courses, including: Advanced Testing Practices using AWS DevOps Tools (2.5 hours) Dive deep with classroom training, including: DevOps Engineering on AWS (3 days) Build credibility and confidence with AWS Certification, including: AWS Certified DevOps Engineer – Professional and AWS Certified Developer – Associate Go deeper with labs, whitepapers, tech talks, and more by accessing the AWS Ramp-Up Guide
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    rights reserved. Thank you! © 2021, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Mohammed Fazalullah Developer Specialist SA, Amazon Web Services Asyrique Thevendran Co-founder & CTO, Vase.ai
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    rights reserved. Thank you for attending AWS Summit Online ASEAN 2021. Please complete the session survey to help us improve your Summit experience in the future. [email protected] twitter.com/AWSCloudSEAsia linkedin.com/company/amazon-web-services facebook.com/AmazonWebServices instagram.com/amazonwebservices youtube.com/user/AmazonWebServices twitch.tv/aws