Level Up Your Android Build

With the release of the new Gradle-based Build System, Android finally has a flexible and highly customizable build toolchain that allows for tweaks at all stages of development, from code generation to deployment on the Google Play Store.

We assume that by now the community is familiar with the basic capabilities of the Android build tool. This talk aims to provide some more advanced tricks and techniques of how to extend and customize your build employing the wide and growing range of Gradle plugins.

Talk given at Droidcon Paris 2015 & DevFest Berlin 2015
Novoda Berlin - Volker Leck & Florian Mierzejewski

Recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=513e57e7jlo

Transcript

1. Level Up Your Android Build Florian Mierzejewski, Volker Leck Novoda - Berlin
2. Getting started
3. app/build.gradle apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 23 buildToolsVersion '23.0.1' defaultConfig { ... } buildTypes { release { ... } } } dependencies { ... }
4. Relevant Build Files ├── app │ └── build.gradle ├── build.gradle ├── gradle │ └── wrapper │ ├── gradle-wrapper.jar │ └── gradle-wrapper.properties ├── gradle.properties ├── gradlew ├── gradlew.bat ├── local.properties └── settings.gradle
5. Gradle wrapper $ ./gradlew tasks
6. Gradle wrapper $ gw clean aD https://github.com/dougborg/gdub
7. Using a Gradle plugin /build.gradle buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.3.1' classpath 'com.novoda:gradle-android-command-plugin:1.5.0' } } app/build.gradle apply plugin: 'com.novoda.android-command' $ gw runDebug https://github.com/novoda/gradle-android-command-plugin
8. Dependencies dependencies { compile 'com.google.guava:guava:18.0' testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5' }
9. Dependencies apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt' dependencies { apt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.0' compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.0' compile 'com.google.guava:guava:18.0' testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5' } https://bitbucket.org/hvisser/android-apt
10. Dependencies apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt' dependencies { apt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.0' compile 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.0' compile 'com.google.guava:guava:18.0' paidCompile project(':lvl') testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12' testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5' }
11. Proguard
12. Proguard buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled true shrinkResources true proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard.cfg' } } proguard.cfg #Dagger2 -dontwarn dagger.shaded.auto.common.** -dontwarn dagger.internal.codegen.** -keepattributes Signature
13. Archive Release ext.VERSION_NAME=1.0.0 ... task archiveRelease(type: Copy) { from 'build/outputs/apk', 'build/outputs/' into "releases/${VERSION_CODE}" include('android-release.apk', 'mapping/**') rename ('android-release.apk', "${APP_NAME}_${BUILD_DATE}_${VERSION_NAME}_${VERSION_CODE}.apk") }
14. First Success
15. Scaling up • re-use • testing • quality assurance • continuous integration • push-button release
16. Re-use - Core project dependencies { compile project(':core') } app/build.gradle core/ gradle init --type java-library include ':core' settings.gradle
17. Re-use - Annotation processing apply plugin: 'net.ltgt.apt' dependencies { apt 'com.google.auto.value:auto-value:1.1' compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.5.0' ... } core/build.gradle https://github.com/tbroyer/gradle-apt-plugin
18. gradle init --type groovy-library Re-use - Script client scripts/ dependencies { compile project(':core') } scripts/build.gradle include ':scripts' settings.gradle
19. Re-use - Script client def operations = createUserOperations() (1..100).each { try { def profile = operations.readProfile(it) println profile } catch (e) { println e.message } } scripts/src/main/groovy/UserExplorer.groovy
20. Re-use - Reducing duplication rootproject.children.each { project -> project.buildFileName = "${project.name}.gradle" } settings.gradle
21. Testing - Integration Tests in Core sourceSets { integrationTest { java { srcDir 'src/integrationtest/java' } resources { srcDir 'src/integrationtest/resources' } compileClasspath += sourceSets.main.runtimeClasspath } } task integrationTest(type: Test) { testClassesDir = sourceSets.integrationTest.output.classesDir classpath += sourceSets.integrationTest.runtimeClasspath }
22. https://github.com/ben-manes/gradle-versions-plugin Keeping Up To Date apply plugin: 'com.github.ben-manes.versions' $ gw dependencyUpdates The following dependencies have later milestone versions: - com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations [2.1.2 -> 2.6.0- rc1] - com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core [2.1.1 -> 2.6.0-rc1] - com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind [2.1.2 -> 2.6.0-rc1] - com.github.kevinsawicki:http-request [4.0 -> 9.9] - joda-time:joda-time [2.3 -> 2.8] - org.mockito:mockito-core [1.9.0 -> 2.0.8-beta] Generated report file build/dependencyUpdates/report.txt
23. Code Quality Tools apply plugin: 'checkstyle' task checkstyleMain( type: Checkstyle) { description 'Checks whether code complies with coding rules.' ignoreFailures !project.failFastOnError ... doLast { if (project.hasProperty('checkstyle.html')) { ant.xslt(in: reports.xml.destination, style: file("$rulesDir/checkstyle/noframes-sorted. xsl"), out: new File(reports.xml.destination.parent, name - 'checkstyle' + '.html')) } } }
24. Code Quality Tools apply plugin: 'checkstyle' task checkstyleMain(type: Checkstyle) { description 'Checks whether code complies with coding rules.' ignoreFailures !project. failFastOnError ... doLast { if (project.hasProperty(' checkstyle.html')) { ant.xslt(in: reports.xml.destination, style: file("$rulesDir/checkstyle/noframes-sorted. xsl"), out: new File(reports.xml.destination.parent, name - 'checkstyle' + '.html')) } } } $ gw checkstyleMain -PfailFastOnError -Pcheckstyle.html
25. Code Quality Tools apply plugin: 'checkstyle' task checkstyleMain(type: Checkstyle) { description 'Checks whether code complies with coding rules.' ignoreFailures !project.failFastOnError ... doLast { if (project.hasProperty('checkstyle.html')) { ant.xslt(in: reports.xml.destination, style: file("$rulesDir/checkstyle/noframes-sorted. xsl"), out: new File(reports.xml.destination.parent, name - 'checkstyle' + '.html')) } } }
26. Continuous Integration System.getenv("...") Jenkins BUILD_NUMBER
27. Updating the Android SDK apply plugin: 'android-sdk-manager' $ gw assembleDebug Android SDK not found. Downloading... > Configuring > 1/5 projects > :android SDK extracted at '/Users/leck/.android-sdk'. Writing to local. properties. Build tools 21.1.2 missing. Downloading... > Configuring > 2/5 projects Platform tools missing. Downloading... Compilation API android-21 missing. Downloading… ... https://github.com/JakeWharton/sdk-manager-plugin
28. Releasing from CI • update Version • commit changes • upload to Stores
29. Release from CI - Versioning def versionFile = file('version.properties') Version version = Version.read(versionFile) task incrementVersion << { Version.increment(versionFile) }
30. Release from CI - Versioning def versionFile = file('version.properties') Version version = Version.read(versionFile) task incrementVersion << { Version.increment(versionFile) } buildSrc └── src └── main └── groovy └── Version.groovy
31. Release from CI - git buildscript { dependencies { classpath 'org.ajoberstar:grgit:1.1.0' } } ext { git = org.ajoberstar.grgit.Grgit.open file('.') } git.with { add 'version.properties' commit(message: "Bumping version to $VERSION_CODE") push() } https://github.com/ajoberstar/grgit
32. Publishing - Github def release = repository.createRelease(releaseTag) .name(releaseName) .body(releaseBody) .commitish(commitish) .draft(draft) .create() assets.each { asset -> release.uploadAsset(asset, 'application/octet-stream') } buildSrc/src/main/groovy/ReleaseToGithub.groovy extends org.gradle.api.DefaultTask https://github.com/kohsuke/github-api
33. Publishing - Github applicationVariants.all { variant -> project.task("releaseGithub$variant.name", type: ReleaseToGithub) { releaseTag = "${new Date().format('YY.MM.dd')}" releaseName = buildReleaseName(variant) releaseBody = buildReleaseBody(variant) assets = files(apkFile, mappingFile) commitish = project.latestCommitHash ... } } app/build.gradle
34. Publishing - Google Play app/build.gradle apply plugin: 'com.github.triplet.play' adds Tasks: bootstrapReleasePlayResources publishApkRelease publishListingRelease publishRelease https://github.com/Triple-T/gradle-play-publisher
35. Tips & Tricks
36. Shared methods build.gradle File rules(String relativeFilePath) { file("shared/rules/$relativeFilePath") } app/build.gradle findbugs { excludeFilter rules('findbugs/exclude.xml') ... }
37. Shared dependencies dependencies.gradle ext { guava_lib = 'com.google.guava:guava:18.0' ... testing_libs = [junit_lib, assertJ_lib] } build.gradle apply from: 'dependencies.gradle' dependencies { compile guava_lib ... testCompile testing_libs }
38. Shared buildConfig - before android { ... buildTypes { debug { buildConfigField 'String', 'TAG', '"DEBUG_TAG"' ... } release { buildConfigField 'String', 'TAG', '"RELEASE_TAG"' ... } } } app/build.gradle
39. Shared buildConfig - after android { ... buildTypes { debug { tag 'DEBUG_TAG' ... } release { tag 'RELEASE_TAG' ... } } } app/build.gradle
40. Shared buildConfig - how ext.tag = { tag -> buildConfigField 'String', 'TAG', '"'+ tag +'"' } android { buildTypes.all { apply from: 'buildconfig.gradle', to: delegate } ... } buildconfig.gradle build.gradle
41. Auto Login task autoLogin(type: com.novoda.gradle.command.Input) { script { text 'my_fb_email@gmail.com' down() text 'awesomeSuperStrongPwd92' enter() } }
42. Sync images task syncPhotos(type: com.novoda.gradle.command.Files) { deviceId { def moto = android.command.devices().find { it.brand() == 'motorola' } moto.id } script { def backupDir = mkdir 'motoPhoto' list('/sdcard/DCIM/Camera/').findAll { image -> !new File(backupDir.path, image.name).exists() }.each { image -> pull image.path + image.name, backupDir.path } } }
43. Library Shrinking dependencies { classpath 'net.sf.proguard:proguard-gradle:4.11' } ... task shrinkGuava(type: proguard.gradle.ProGuardTask) { injars configurations.injar.files libraryjars configurations.libjar.files outjars file("build/libs/guava_${guavaVersion}_base.jar") configuration 'guava.proguard' } guava.proguard: -dontoptimize -dontobfuscate -keep public class com.google.common.base.** { public *; }
44. War story - Facebook keytool -exportcert -alias <key> -keystore <keystore> \ | openssl sha1 -binary \ | openssl base64 $ ga0RGNYHvNM5d0SLGQfpQWAPGJ8= Facebook docs on generating key hashes:
45. War story - Facebook def message = 'keytool error: java.io.IOException: Keystore was tampered with, or password was incorrect\\n' def digest = MessageDigest.getInstance('SHA-1') def digestBytes = digest.digest(message.bytes) println digestBytes.encodeBase64() $ ga0RGNYHvNM5d0SLGQfpQWAPGJ8=
46. War story - Facebook def signingMeta = com.android...tasks.SigningReportTask.metaClass MetaMethod metaFinger = signingMeta .getStaticMetaMethod('getFingerprint', java.security.cert.Certificate, String) signingMeta.static.getFingerprint = { Certificate cert, String alg -> def base64 = MessageDigest.getInstance(alg) .digest(cert.encoded).encodeBase64() metaFinger.invoke(delegate, cert, hashAlgorithm) + "\n$hashAlgorithm (base64): $base64" } $ gw app:signingReport
47. Groovy on Android buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.1.0' classpath 'org.codehaus.groovy:gradle-groovy-android-plugin:0.3.6' } } apply plugin: 'groovyx.grooid.groovy-android' dependencies { compile 'org.codehaus.groovy:groovy:2.4.3:grooid' }
48. Udacity course
49. Volker Leck devisnik / florianmski +VolkerLeck / +FlorianMierzejewski devisnik / florianmski Merci ! Florian Mierzejewski
50. TDTD - Tester-Driven Talk Development Thanks to the folks from Android Stammtisch Berlin for serving as Testers for a lot of the presented material. Upcoming book: Growing Subject-Oriented Talks, Guided by Testers
51. Resources (in order of appearance) Gradle https://github.com/gradle/gradle Android plugin for Gradle https://developer.android.com/tools/building/plugin-for-gradle.html gdub Tool https://github.com/dougborg/gdub Command Plugin https://github.com/novoda/gradle-android-command-plugin Gradle Plugin Portal http://plugins.gradle.org
52. Resources (in order of appearance) apt Plugin https://bitbucket.org/hvisser/android-apt Proguard Annotation Squadleader https://bitbucket.org/littlerobots/squadleader Proguard Snippets https://github.com/krschultz/android-proguard-snippets Gradle Udacity Course https://www.udacity.com/course/gradle-for-android-and-java--ud867
53. Resources (in order of appearance) Versions Plugin https://github.com/ben-manes/gradle-versions-plugin Code Analysis Plugin https://github.com/dlabs/soter Groovy library for git https://github.com/ajoberstar/grgit SDK Manager Plugin https://github.com/JakeWharton/sdk-manager-plugin
54. Resources (in order of appearance) Shrink Guava Script Snippet https://gist.github.com/devisnik/e54ea0a629adc82bcfa0 DexCount https://github.com/KeepSafe/dexcount-gradle-plugin Sqlite Analyzer Plugin https://github.com/novoda/sqlite-analyzer Groovy Android Plugin https://github.com/groovy/groovy-android-gradle-plugin
55. Images https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Florida_Box_Turtle_Digon3a.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Perspective-Button-Stop-icon.png http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Up-1.svg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hipsterale.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_performing_tricks.jpg