Tree health in Scotland: Overview and context

by Dr. Hugh Clayden, Forestry Commission Scotland

Transcript

1. Forest Health Days - Autumn 2013 Hugh Clayden Tree health policy adviser Tree health in Scotland Overview and context
2. Background
3. USA,CA Asia AU, NZ Trade data from UN Comtrade Background
4. Phytophthora ramorum 31 March 2013 Autumn 2013
5. Phytophthora ramorum
6. Phytophthora ramorum
7. Phytophthora ramorum
8. Dothistroma needle blight
9. Dothistroma needle blight Abernethy Cougie Crathie Dundreggan Easan Dorcha Glen Affric Glen Cannich Glen Einig Glen Feshie Glen Garry Rothiemurchus Strath Oykel Torphantrick
10. Chalara dieback of ash
11. Chalara dieback of ash
12. Chalara dieback of ash
13. Phytophthora austrocedrae
14. Phytophthora austrocedrae
15. Phytophthora lateralis
16. Phytophthora lateralis Rate of discovery of Phytophthora species
17. Pine tree lappet moth
18. Pine beauty moth
19. Established Recent On the horizon • Dutch elm disease • Larch canker • Pine beauty moth • Pine looper moth • Oak leaf roller moth • Winter moth • Anisogramma virgultorum • Armillaria spp • Brunchorstia pinea • Elatobium abietinum • Heterobasidium annosum • Hylobius abietis • Ips cembrae/Ceratocystis aricola • Lophodermium spp • Lophodermella spp • Marssonina betulae • Phytophthora alni • Phytophthora cambivora • Phytophthora syringae • Phytophthora pseudosyringae • Phytophthora cinnamomi • Ramichloridium pini • Sphaeropsis sapinea • Tomicus piniperda • Dothistroma needle blight • Phytophthora ramorum • Phytophthora kernoviae • Pine tree lappet moth • Phytophthora lateralis • Phytophthora austrocedrae • Acute oak decline • Oak processionary moth • Oak pinhole borer (Platypus cylindrus) • Western conifer seed bug • Gypsy moth • Asian longhorn beetle* • Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) ---------------------------------------- • Pinewood nematode • Ips typographus • Pine pitch canker • Pine processionary moth • Citrus longhorn beetle ---------------------------------------- • Spruce budworm • Emerald ash borer • Bronze birch borer • Great spruce bark beetle (Dendroctonus micans) • Ash dieback (Chalara fraxinea) • Horse chestnut bleeding canker/ leaf miner * currently thought to have been eradicated Cumulative risks?
20. Cumulative risks? Rainfall - 11-16% summer + 12-21% winter Temperature + 3.0-3.5 C summer + 2.2-2.6 C winter
21. Cumulative risks?
22. Cumulative risks?
23. Cumulative risks?
24. Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) British Columbia • 17.5 M ha dead/dying (57 M ha) • 726 M m3 (11 B m3) • 16 mills to close • 27,000 jobs lost Elsewhere…..
25. Elsewhere….. Phytophthora pinifolia (Radiata pine, Chile)
26. Elsewhere….. Chestnut blight First reported in USA in 1904 on Castanea dentata in New York City In 1926, disease occurred throughout native range of C. dentata By 1940, almost all American chestnut trees were dead
27. UK Strategy Keep out Eradicate Contain Live with
28. UK Strategy What is meant by ‘living with’?
29. Managing risk
30. Managing risk
31. Managing risk 2010 DNB at 3 pine nurseries in Scotland (1.2 M plants) 201 1 DNB at 6 pine nurseries in Scotland (1.8 M plants) 201 2 DNB at 3 pine nurseries in Scotland (65 K plants) 2013 DNB not detected
32. Managing risk
33. Spreading the risk Resilience-building measures Select the most suitable species and genotypes Reduce other pressures on forests Maintain or add diversity in structure and species
34. Spreading the risk Spectrum of approaches
35. Some questions Do diverse ecosystems respond in a more buffered way to disturbance and recover more quickly than monocultures? Is the best strategic response to seek mosaics of species and management approaches at a landscape scale? Can we afford to lose trees but not woodland? And if so, how?
36. What is on the horizon? Looking ahead
37. Don’t get wise too late……….. Looking ahead