Data simplicity with NoSQL Databases

At the first forLoop Abuja developer event, Shuaib presented a talk based on his experience using NoSQL databases.

1. NoSQL Shuaib Afegbua, forloop + Abuja developers Meetup Enspire Incubator, Maitama
2. Shuaib Afegbua. Recovering software developer. Day Job: Information Systems Specialist @ Cambridge Education. Night Job: Chief Hacker, Code Kraft Twitter: @afegbuas
3. Content • What is NoSQL? • Why NoSQL? • Types of NoSQL database • Example use cases • Data modelling • Explanation - sharding, replication, aggregation, performance, security • The SQL vs NoSQL myth • When to use NoSQL • Resource and References
4. OK! What is NoSQL? - Not Only SQL - Generally refers to ‘anything’ outside the relational database paradigm - Gained traction in about 2006 with increase in volume of data think Amazon,Google, facebook
5. SO! Now compare to before? Imagine the first release commercial of RDBMS - Oracle 1979. WTF! Shift towards digital economy powered by internet Large numbers of concurrent users Increase in volume of data IoT – internet is connecting everything Cloud based system Everything is going mobile
6. SQL DATABASES • Tabular and structured storage • Pre defined schema • Use Joins to retrieve related data • Difficult and expensive to scale - scale vertically/up • Atomic transaction • Encourages normalisation of data • Enforce data integrity rules
7. SQL DBs - tabular structure. Photo credits: couchbase
8. SQL DB - tabular structure. Photo credits: couchbase
9. NoSQL DATABASES • JSON like storage, graphs, key-value pairs • Flexible/dynamic schema • Embedded documents over relationship/normalised data • Easy - scale horizontal/out • No Guarantee on Atomic transaction • Distributed • Mostly Open Source
10. NoSQL DBs
11. SO! Why NoSQL? ★ Handling huge volume of changing data ★ Need for Agile development sprints and multiple iteration ★ Operational Issues and Scaling - Scaling out architecture instead of expensive, monolithic architecture ★ Speed and the need to have 24x7 availability
12. 1 Agile development sprints Photo credits: couchbase
13. 1 Agile development sprints Photo credits: couchbase
14. 3 Operational scaling Photo credits: couchbase
15. 3 Operational scaling Scaling out gives these benefits (a) deploying no more hardware than is required to meet the current load (b) leveraging less expensive hardware and/or cloud infrastructure; and (c) scaling on-demand and without downtime. Source: couchbase
16. 4 Handling huge volume of changing data • 2.5 quintillion bytes of data daily (2.5 x 1018 or 2 trillion million) => 10 million blu-ray disc • Past 3 years has accounted for over 90% • Mostly unstructured and semi structured
17. 5 24x7 availability needs single server/or as a cluster and the shared storage failure Photo credits: couchbase
18. 5 24x7 availability needs single server/or as a cluster and the shared storage failure Photo credits: couchbase
19. 6 Replication Built-in and easy replication features. RDBMS VS NOSQL
20. Who uses NoSQL • ME - CouchDB, MongoDB and falling in love OrientDB • Amazon - Dynamodb • Google - Big Table • Ebay/ US National Archives - Mongo • Facebook/Instagram/Apple/Netflix - Cassandra • Paypal/verizon/Tesco • Airbus - Oracle NoSQL • Twitter - Flockdb
21. Categories of NoSQL DBs Key-Value store Document oriented Graph Database Wide column Redis Memcached RocksDB CouchDB Couchbase MongoDB OrientDB RethinkDB RavenDB Neo4J OrientDB BrightstarDB FlockBD Cassandra Habase Amazon SimpleDB DynamoDB - Multi Model Databases: OrientDB, ArangoDB etc - Special cases: Embedded (PouchDB $ LokiJs and Object databases (ObjectDB) Source: http://nosql-database.org
22. How do you model and query your data? Schema-less? Idiomatic? Thrift/REST API? Relationships? References? SQL-like?
23. Key-Value Stores Probably the simplest and most basic type. Store pairs of keys and values, as well as retrieve values when a key is known Speed Most in memory
24. Redis - Key-Value Store “Redis is an open source, in-memory Data Structure Store, used as a database, a caching layer or a message broker.” - Redis website • Extremely fast • Strings or list storage • Persistence instead of memory • Replication • Multiple language clients • Supports transactions but no rollback Use cases: Cache systems, Queue, recent listing etc.
25. Redis - resource https:/redis.io Redis labs - redislabs.com Building NoSQL Apps With Redis - https://www.pluralsight.com/courses/building-nosql- apps-redis Internet search/Youtube
26. Document Oriented Stores data in JSON-like structures called documents Image credits: mongodb
27. SQL to Mongo Mapping Chart SQL MongoDB database database table collection row document column field index index joins embedded/linking aggregation (e.g. group by) aggregation pipeline
28. Mongodb - Resource https://docs.mongodb.org/manual/ Mongo University - http://university.mongodb.com/ Internet search/Youtube Robomongo - http://robomongo.com
29. CouchDB - brief overview REST API Single document tant Simple and easy to use Super replication Low latency
30. OrientDB - Graph databases Both document oriented and graph Dynamic schema Extended SQl syntax Inheritance and polymorphism Language API and REST
31. Graph databases Stores data as nodes/vertex connected with edges/links Image credits: OrientDB
32. OrientDB - Graph databases Stores data as nodes/vertex connected with links Both document oriented and graph Dynamic schema and extended SQl syntax Inheritance and polymorphism Language API and REST Multi-master Replication
33. key elements - OrientDB Image credits: OrientDB
34. key elements - OrientDB Image credits: OrientDB
35. key elements - OrientDB Image credits: OrientDB
36. vertex/node - Graph DB
37. Edge/Link - Graph DB Image credits: OrientDB
38. class - Graph DB Image credits: OrientDB
39. OrientDB Studio - Graph DB Image credits: OrientDB
40. Resources • www.orientdb.com • https://www.udemy.com/orientdb-getting-started • www.neo4j.com
41. Wide Column - Cassandra • Columns are created for each row rather than being predefined by the table structure • Column Families => RDBMS Table/Keyspace => Database
42. Wide Column oriented 1. Extremely powerful 2. Highly scalable 3. More of advanced key-value storage 4. Handle huge amount of information. 5. Increased granularity – being able to update an individual column 6. Cassandra uses SQL-like -> CQL
43. Column oriented - Resource • CASSANDRA - planetcassandra.com • http://cassandra.apache.org/ • Internet search/Youtube -> wide Column database • https://hbase.apache.org/ • https://academy.datastax.com/
44. So which is better? The SQL vs NoSQL Myth?
45. The SQL vs NoSQL Myth • Supersedes and better • They are opposite of the same coin • The language/framework determines the database most times
46. SO WHEN SHOULD I USE NoSQL? Photo credit: Rocnation
47. Choosing NoSQL • Mobile backends • Internet of things • Single view/360 customer view situation • Content Management • Fraud Detection
48. Choosing NoSQL • Profile management • catalog • Caching and Queueing • Real-Time Analytics • Social networks
49. NoSQL Databases will evolve and get better. But they are suitable for ’specific cases’. NoSQL != Replace(SQL DB)
50. Well! POSTGRES is the greatest This is a highly opinionated view from an aspiring SENIOR PROGRAMMER. NoSQL databases have their places and specific use cases.
51. Resources • nosql-database.org • redis.io • https://university.mongodb.com • orientdb.com • http://couchdb.apache.org • http://cassandra.apache.org
52. THANK YOU YOU GOT PROBLEMS CALL THE ARROW => shuaib@codekraft.com.ng Twitter: @afegbuas Photo credit: HBO
53. Thank you! shuaib@codekraft.com.ng Twitter: @afegbuas