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Artificial Intelligence: Present, Past, Future

Artificial Intelligence: Present, Past, Future

Overview of the history, current trends, social implications, and ethical challenges of Artificial Intelligence. Made as support to the Rotary Club event I was a speaker in.

Frederico Muñoz

June 22, 2023
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  1. Copyright © SAS Institute Inc. All rights reserved. Artificial Intelligence

    Present, past, future Frederico Muñoz / Cloud & Architecture Lead (SAS) 15 JUN 2023, Rotary Club, Lisbon
  2. SAS

  3. artificial intelligence (AI), the ability of a digital computer or

    computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience. https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence
  4. ”By the year 2001 we will have machines with intelligence

    that matched or exceeded human’s” - Arthur C. Clarke https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7779.Arthur_C_Clarke
  5. ”From 3 to Eight years we will have a machine

    with the general intelligence of an average human being” - Marvin Minsky
  6. +

  7. “[Language] models produce sentences that are gramatically correct. But human

    languages are much more that the form [...] Languages are sign systems - pairs of form and meaning”. - Emily Bender https://shifter.pt/2023/05/emily-bender-inteligencia-artificial-linguagens-entrevista/ https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/ai-artificial-intelligence-chatbots-emily-m-
  8. The diversity problems of the AI industry and the issues

    of bias in AI systems tend to be considered separately. In this report we suggest that they are two sides of the same problem: issues of discrimination in the workforce and in system building are deeply related. - AI Now Institute, Sarah Myers West https://ainowinstitute.org/publication/discriminating-systems-gender-race-and- power-in-ai-2
  9. Generative AI, which uses data lakes and question snippets to

    recover patterns and relationships, is becoming more prevalent in creative industries. However, the legal implications of using generative AI are still unclear, particularly in relation to copyright infringement, ownership of AI-generated works, and unlicensed content in training data https://hbr.org/2023/04/generative-ai-has-an-intellectual-property-problem
  10. Advances in AI have reshaped our businesses, societies and individual

    lives, and given us a deeper understanding of our planet and the cosmos. We’ve only just begun to see how it could unlock human potential. But without the right safeguards, it could also produce harm. That’s why it’s essential to create AI systems that are ethical, equitable and sustainable. SAS: Responsible Innovation https://www.sas.com/en_us/company-information/innovation/responsible-innovation.html
  11. What we’re calling machine learning or artificial intelligence is basically

    statistical systems that make predictions based on large amounts of data. So in the case of the companies we’re talking about, we’re talking about data that was gathered through surveillance, or some variant of the surveillance business model, that is then used to train these systems, that are then being claimed to be intelligent, or capable of making significant decisions that shape our lives and opportunities—even though this data is often very flimsy. https://shifter.pt/2023/06/meredith-whittaker-a-inteligencia-artificial-reforca-o-modelo-de-negocio-da-vigilancia/ https://slate.com/technology/2023/05/meredith-whittaker-interview-geoffrey-hinton-ai-threats.html
  12. European Union lawmakers are set to vote next week on

    the bloc’s AI Act, first proposed two years ago and likely to come into force two years hence. The law designates “high risk” applications of artificial intelligence, such as law enforcement, critical infrastructure, education, and employment, that will be subject to more stringent compliance and testing requirements for companies that make and deploy those applications. https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/05/05/eu-ai-act-us-china-regulation-artificial-intelligence-chatgpt/
  13. USA

  14. Across the pond, U.S. regulation of AI is still a

    work in progress. Last year, the White House published a “Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights” that lays out five principles to prevent discrimination and protect user privacy and safety, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology released its AI Risk Management framework in January. Congress is also starting to mobilize, with Democratic Sen. Chuck Schumer, the majority leader, launching an effort last month to come up with comprehensive AI legislation. But so far, Washington has adopted a voluntary approach to compliance, while experts say a more binding approach to AI regulation is needed. https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/05/05/eu-ai-act-us-china-regulation-artificial-intelligence-chatgpt/
  15. After playing catchup to ChatGPT, China is racing to regulate

    the rapidly-advancing field of artificial intelligence (AI). Under draft regulations released this week, Chinese tech companies will need to register generative AI products with China’s cyberspace agency and submit them to a security assessment before they can be released to the public https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2023/4/13/china-spearheads-ai-regulation-after-playing-catchup-to-chatgdp
  16. Many of the biggest names in artificial intelligence have signed

    a short statement warning that their technology could spell the end of the human race. Published Tuesday, the full statement states: “Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war.” https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/ai-risks-leading-humanity-extinction-experts-warn-rcna86791
  17. As a lieutenant colonel in the Soviet Air Defense Forces,

    Petrov was on duty Sept. 26, 1983, when the early-warning satellite system he was monitoring detected what appeared to be five approaching U.S. nuclear-armed intercontinental ballistic missiles. Petrov was faced with a critical choice that had to be made immediately: treat the warning as a false alarm or alert his superiors, who likely would launch a counterattack. Petrov went with false alarm, later explaining he reasoned that if the United States really were to start a nuclear war, it would do so with more than five missiles. He was correct. The satellites had mistaken the reflection of sun off clouds for attacking missiles.
  18. no

  19. against using technology “in an unfair and socially fraudulent way”.

    https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/what-the-luddites-really-fought-against-264412/
  20. “Sweeping across the country with the speed of a transient

    fashion in slang or Panama hats, political war cries or popular novels, comes now, the mechanical device to sing for us a song or play for us the piano, in substitute for human skill, intelligence, and soul.” - John Philip Sousa
  21. [...] "They don't replace human labor. They just require different

    forms of labor to sort of babysit them, to train them, to make sure they're working well [...] Whose work will be degraded and whose house in the Hamptons will get another wing?" she asked, clarifying that she uses "degrade" to mean that someone will still have a job, but it will pay less. https://shifter.pt/2023/06/meredith-whittaker-a-inteligencia-artificial-reforca-o-modelo-de-negocio-da-vigilancia/ https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ai-coming-for-your-job-tech-experts-weigh-in-they-dont-replace-human-labor/
  22. The problem isn't regulating 'AI' or future 'AGI’. It's protecting

    individuals from corporate and government overreach using 'AI' to cut costs and or deflect accountability.” - Emily Bender https://shifter.pt/2023/05/emily-bender-inteligencia-artificial-linguagens-entrevista/ https://futurism.com/experts-slam-openais-meaningless-new-promises-about-agi