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the tendency of an organism to act efficiently and minimize the expenditure of energy, such as by avoiding any unnecessary movements. Reference: Economy of Efforts - APA Dictionary of Psychology
are said to be unhappy with redundant processes and try to make them as efficient as possible because of their laziness. Likewise, linguistics execute the same mechanics to omit burdensome and time and energy consuming behaviours for better efficiency. Economy of Efforts is the very good starting point where we will find the answer to most of WHYs in language learning.
spend ~ (in) Ving… → to do something in exchange for time, money and so on • take turns (in) Ving … → to switch the person who does something What enables the proposition in to be omitted in the examples above?
in Ving… = when SV… • Ving = when SV… (usage of TIME in a participial construction) Both of the above mean `when SV…` and the latter is conciser, which makes in gone. As a result, the usage of TIME in a participial construction has become general. e.g., I spent as many as half a day (in) cleaning up my dirty room yesterday. Whether or not the proposition in is present, the adverbial phrase can be interpreted as 'when I cleaned up my dirty room'.
Words and IPA Symbols Phenomena Principles • lamb /lam/ • climb /klʌɪm/ • tomb /tuːm/ • dumb /dʌm/ - Both of /m/ and /b/ are bilabial, the only difference of which is that air comes through the nose in /m/ and the month in /b/. The tiny but redundant repetitive effort is burdensome, which dropped /b/. ※ In Old English, /b/ was pronounced. • cupboard /ˈkʌbəd/ • raspberry /ˈrɑːzb(ə)ri/ assimilation Both of /p/ and /b/ are bilabial plosive, the only difference of which is that /p/ is voiced and /b/ is voiceless. The tiny but redundant repetitive effort is burdensome. Finally, /p/ was assimilated into /b/. women /ˈwɪmɪn/ i-mutation /i/ or /j/ following the stressed vowel or the syllable of double vowel causes the forward vowelisation. In concrete terms, the latter /ɪ/ sound influences /ʊ/ in the former position. As a result, /ˈwʊmɪn'/ has changed to /ˈwɪmɪn/.
English • G'day > Good day(≒ Hello) • Aussie > Australian • Brissie > Brisbane • Tassie > Tasmanian • fridge > refrigerator • veggies > vegetables • sunnies > sunglasses • Ta > Thank you The tail in words of many syllables tends to become a long vowel.
Community Terms • e.g., Sporties in a Staff-Only Bar of Hamilton Island • Corporate Terms • e.g., TPM stands for Technical Product Manager • Industrial Terms • OKR: Objectives and Key Results • KPI: Key Performance Indicator These examples play a role not only in abbreviations but in secret codes.
roles. 1. In grammar, the conciser form survives if the other also has the same meaning. 2. In pronunciation, the tiny but redundant repetitive efforts can cause drop of duplicate sounds, assimilation of similar sounds and i-mutation. 3. Words of long spellings or many syllables can be simplified, which can also coin slang, community terms, corporate terms and industrial terms.