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デジタル社会における陰謀論の課題とその対策
認知科学会第41回大会 OS-3-3 ローカルエコーチェンバーのステアリングに向けた認知研究
での講演資料
taichi_murayama
January 23, 2025
Transcript
44 slides
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8 l ͦͦӄ $POTQJSBDZ5IFPSJFT ͱ l ࣏తɾࣾձతͳग़དྷࣄɺࣄ݅ࣄނͳͲͷԿΒ͔ͷग़དྷࣄʹ͍ͭͯɺ ͦͷഎޙʹڧେ͔ͭڧྗͳूஂɾ৫ʹΑΔྗ͕ಇ͍͍ͯΔͱཧղ͠ɺઆ ໌͠Α͏ͱ͢Δߟ͑ํ l
"UUFNQUUPFYQMBJOUIFVMUJNBUFDBVTFTPGTJHOJGJDBOUTPDJBMBOE QPMJUJDBMFWFOUTBOEDJSDVNTUBODFTXJUIDMBJNTPGTFDSFUQMPUTCZ UXPPSNPSFQPXFSGVMBDUPST<> l ʮϑΣΠΫχϡʔεʯͱͷҧ͍ l ϑΣΠΫχϡʔεɿҙਤతʹڏِͷใΛΊΔ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɺޡͬͨࣄ ࣮Λ৴ͤ͡͞Δχϡʔεهࣄίϯςϯπ<> l ӄඞͣ͠ʮޡΓʯͱݶΒͳ͍ʢະ֬ఆࣄ߲Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱଟ͍ʣ ӄͷӨڹ [1] Douglas, Karen M., et al. "Understanding conspiracy theories." Political psychology 40 (2019): 3-350. [2] Gelfert, Axel. "Fake news: A definition." Informal logic 38.1 (2018): 84-117. -
10 ӄͷӨڹ ӄϠό͍Β͍͚͠ Ͳɺ৴ͯ͡ΔਓͳΜͯ ΄΅ډͳ͍Ͱ͠ΐɻ 9'JMFͷݟա͗ʢসʣ ҙ֎ͱ৴ͯ͡Δਓଟ͍ʜʂ ྫʮͷഎޙʹ͍Δͷʁʯͱ͍͏͍ ͰΞϧΧΠμҎ֎ͱ͑ͨࠃ͕աҎ্ <>
[3] Allen, J. "No consensus on who was behind Sept 11: Global Poll. Reuters." (2008). -
11 ྫຊͰͷӄ l ຊࡏॅͷ ਓʹରͯ͠ӄʹ͍ͭͯ৴ͯ͡Δ͔Λௐࠪ ӄͷӨڹ 0% 20% 40% 60%
80% 100% 地 球 温 暖 化 ワ クチ ン 副 作 ⽤ 裏 の 団 体 在 ⽇ 外 国 ⼈ ⼈ ⼯ 地 震 ヒト 型 爬 ⾍ 類 コロ ナ は 存 在 し な い 宇 宙 ⼈ との 接 触 9.11テ ロ ⽶ 国 選 挙 不 正 ケ ム ト レ イ ル 知っている 正しいと思う ରͷӄΛͬͯΔ ରͷӄΛਖ਼͍͠ͱࢥ͏ -
12 ӄΛ৴ͨ͜͡ͱʹΑΔਓؒؔͷѱԽ ӄͷӨڹ [4] ⼭⼝真⼀他, Innovation Nippon 2024「偽・誤情報、ファクト チェック、教育啓発に関する調査」 ӄΛਖ਼͍͠ͱࢥͬͨ͜ͱ
ʹΑΓਓؒؔѱԽΛܦݧ͠ ͨਓ͕r ఔଘࡏ <> -
14 ӄʹΑΔଞͷѱӨڹ l ӄͷ࿐͕ɺݽಠײͷ૿େʹ ܨ͕Γɺকདྷతʹৗ൜ࡑʹؔ༩͞ ͤΔՄೳੑΛ૿େ <> l ϫΫνϯͷҙݟͷٸ૿͕͜ͷ·· ଓ͘ͱɺޙʹ͜ΕΒͷҙݟ͕
ओྲྀͱͳΔՄೳੑΛࣔࠦ <> ӄͷӨڹ [5] Jolley, Daniel, et al. "Belief in conspiracy theories and intentions to engage in everyday crime." British Journal of Social Psychology 58.3 (2019): 534-549. [6] Johnson, Neil F., et al. "The online competition between pro-and anti- vaccination views." Nature 582.7811 (2020): 230-233. -
16 ӄΛ৴͡Δਓͷଐੑʹ͍ͭͯ ӄΛ৴͡Δଐੑʹ͍ͭͯ [7] Hornsey, Matthew J., et al. "Individual,
intergroup and nation-level influences on belief in conspiracy theories." Nature Reviews Psychology 2.2 (2023): 85-97. [8] Douglas, Karen M., and Robbie M. Sutton. "What are conspiracy theories? A definitional approach to their correlates, consequences, and communication." Annual review of psychology 74.1 (2023): 271-298. [9] Mahl, Daniela, Mike S. Schäfer, and Jing Zeng. "Conspiracy theories in online environments: An interdisciplinary literature review and agenda for future research." New media & society 25.7 (2023): 1781-1801. -
17 ӄΛ৴͡Δਓͷଐੑͷྫ l ײతࢥߟͷߴ͞ɺੳతࢥߟͷ͞ <> l ύϥϊΠΞɺࣗݾѪͷڧ͞ <> l फڭత
εϐϦνϡΞϧͷ <> l ؒͣΕͷײ֮ <> l ࢠͲ࣌ͷݽಠײ <> l কདྷͷࠃՈͷܦࡁྗʹର͢Δෆ҆ ͷ৴པͷ͞ <> ӄΛ৴͡Δଐੑʹ͍ͭͯ [10] Swami, Viren, et al. "Analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories." Cognition 133.3 (2014): 572-585. [11] Imhoff, Roland, and Pia Lamberty. "How paranoid are conspiracy believers? Toward a more fine‐grained understanding of the connect and disconnect between paranoia and belief in conspiracy theories." European journal of social psychology 48.7 (2018): 909-926. [12] Stasielowicz, Lukasz. "Who believes in conspiracy theories? A meta-analysis on personality correlates." Journal of Research in Personality 98 (2022): 104229. [13] Poon, Kai-Tak, Zhansheng Chen, and Wing-Yan Wong. "Beliefs in conspiracy theories following ostracism." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46.8 (2020): 1234-1246. [14] Bierwiaczonek, Kinga, et al. "Loneliness trajectories over three decades are associated with conspiracist worldviews in midlife." Nature Communications 15.1 (2024): 3629. [15] Hornsey, Matthew J., et al. "Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance." European Journal of Social Psychology 53.1 (2023): 78-89. -
19 4PDJBM.FEJB#BO͞ΕͨϢʔβίϛϡχςΟɺผͷ4PDJBM .FEJBҠಈͯ͠׆ಈΛଓ͚Δ <> l 2"OPO3FEEJUˠ1PBM7PBUͳͲͷ4/4ʹҠಈ l ίϛϡχςΟด࣌ظΛ࣮ࣔͯ͠ࡍʹด͢Δ·Ͱͷؒͷ࣌ؒͰɺҎ߱ ॴΛܾఆ l
׆ಈ͢ΔϢʔβࣗମॖখ͢ΔͷͷɺҰਓ͋ͨΓͷ׆ಈྔେ͖͘ม ΘΒͣ ӄͷ੍ͷํ๏ [16] Monti, Corrado, et al. "Online conspiracy communities are more resilient to deplatforming." PNAS nexus 2.10 (2023): pgad324. -
20 4PDJBM.FEJB#BO͞ΕͨϢʔβίϛϡχςΟɺผͷ4PDJBM .FEJBҠಈͯ͠׆ಈΛଓ͚Δ <> l ಟੑͷ͋ΔίϝϯτҠߦޙʹ૿Ճʂ ӄͷ੍ͷํ๏ [16]
Monti, Corrado, et al. "Online conspiracy communities are more resilient to deplatforming." PNAS nexus 2.10 (2023): pgad324. -
21 ݸਓʹର͢Δ੍ํ๏ɿ l ͨͩʮӄʯͱࢦఠ͢Δ͚ͩͰɺٯޮՌʢCBDLGJSFޮՌʣ<> l ࠜڌূڌΛ࣋ͬͯ͢ΔߦҝʢDPVOUFSBSHVNFOUTʣӄ త৴೦Λม͑ͤ͞ΔޮՌ͔ͳΓখ͍͞ <> l ૬खͷڞײײ֮ʹૌ͔͚͑ͯ͢ΔߦҝʢFNQBUIZCBTFE
JOUFSWFOUJPOʣ૬खΛ͚͋ͯ͟͢ΔߦҝʢSJEJDVMFʣͲͪ Β΄ͱΜͲޮՌ͕ແ͍ <> ӄͷ੍ͷํ๏ [17] O’Mahony, Cian, et al. "The efficacy of interventions in reducing belief in conspiracy theories: A systematic review." Plos one 18.4 (2023): e0280902. [18] Stojanov, Ana. "Reducing conspiracy theory beliefs." Psihologija 48.3 (2015): 251-266. [19] Orosz, Gábor, et al. "Changing conspiracy beliefs through rationality and ridiculing." Frontiers in Psychology 7 (2016): 1525. -
22 ݸਓʹର͢Δ੍ํ๏ɿੜ"*Λ༻͍ͨ ӄͷ੍ͷํ๏ [20] Costello, Thomas H., Gordon Pennycook, and
David G. Rand. "Durably reducing conspiracy beliefs through dialogues with AI." Science 385.6714 (2024): eadq1814. l ੜ"*Ϟσϧ (15 ʹͯ͠ Β͏ͱޮՌ͋Γ<> l ӄ৴೦ฏۉˋݮগɻ ϲ݄ޙͷௐࠪͰޮՌ͕ଓ͍ ͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛ֬ೝ l ੜ"*Ϟσϧͷఏࣔ͢Δ&WJEFODFͰ ڏِͷͷ΄ͱΜͲແ͠ -
24 ݸਓʹର͢Δ੍ํ๏ɿ༧छ ڭҭ ӄͷ੍ͷํ๏ [21] Lewandowsky, Stephan, and Sander Van
Der Linden. "Countering misinformation and fake news through inoculation and prebunking." European Review of Social Psychology 32.2 (2021): 348- 384. [22] Dyer, Kathleen D., and Raymond E. Hall. "Effect of critical thinking education on epistemically unwarranted beliefs in college students." Research in Higher Education 60 (2019): 293-314. [23] Ecker, Ullrich KH, et al. "The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction." Nature Reviews Psychology 1.1 (2022): 13-29. l ࠷ӄ৴೦ΛԼͤ͞ΔՄೳੑ͕ߴ͍ͭͷ੍ํ๏ l ༧छʢJOGPSNBUJPOJOPDVMBUJPOʣɿӄ৮લʹޚతͳೝε λϯεΛܗ͢ΔͨΊʹɺલͬͯӄͷཧతޡΓΛڭ͑Δ͜ͱ <> l ڭҭ FEVDBUJPO ɿֶߍڭҭΛ௨ͯ͡ӄͱՊֶతࣄ࣮ͷ۠ผΛڭ͑Δ ͜ͱ <> From [23] ӄʹ৮͢Δલʹ ରॲ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁʂ -
27 ݸਓʹର͢Δ੍ํ๏ɿ༧छ ڭҭ ӄͷ੍ͷํ๏ ͡Ό͋ɺੈքதͷਓʑ ʹӄʹؔ͢Δڭҭ ༧छΛ͢Εɺ ͜ͷղܾͩͶ ͓ۚͳ͍Αʁ l
༧छڭҭΛड͚ͤ͞ΔରΛແࠩผ ʹܾΊΔͷͰͳ͘ɺޮՌͷߴ͍ରʹ ߜͬͯߦ͏͜ͱ͕අ༻ରޮՌ͕ߴ͍ l ӄʹϋϚͬͨΓ͢ΔՄೳੑ͕ߴ͍ਓʹ ద༻͢Δͷ͕ྑ͍ʂ Ͳ͏͍͏ਓͳͷ͔ʁʁ Ͳ͏ͬͯݟ͚ͭΔͷ͔ʁʁ -
29 σδλϧσʔλ͔Βӄʹ ϋϚͬͯ͠·͏ਓͷಛੑϝ ΧχζϜΛൃݟ͠ɺϋϚΔਓ Λࣄલʹൃݟ͢ΔࢼΈ 主要メンバー イム ドンウ (助教, 津⽥塾)
上島淳史 (助教, 慶応) ⾕原吏 (准教授, ⽴命館) 廣中詩織 (助教, 京⼤) 松井暉 (講師, 横国) ⽔⾕瑛嗣郎 (准教授, 関⼤) 村⼭太⼀ (助教, 横国) -
32 ಡॻཤྺσʔλͷੳ ࠷ۙͷऔΓΈӄͱಡॻ l ܭࢉػՊֶతΞϓϩʔνΛద༻Մೳͳܗʹม 埋め込み表現技術 Word2Vec ベクトル表現 0.1, 0.3,
0.4, …, 0.9, 0.2, 0.4 0.2, 0.1, 0.3, …, 0.1, 0.0, 0.2 0.3, 0.5, 0.1, …, 0.0, 0.3, 0.5 -
36 ࠷ۙͷऔΓΈ ӄͱಡॻ 32ӄಡऀʢλʔήοτϢʔβ܈ʣͲͷΑ͏ͳॻ੶ΛΜͰಡΉ ʹ͋ΔͷͩΖ͏͔ʁ ωοτϫʔΫ ΫϥελϦϯά ࣌ؒܦա աڈͷಡॻཤྺ λʔήοτϢʔβ
λʔήοτϢʔβ܈͕ӄॻ੶ʹग़ձ͏·ͰʹಡΜͰ͖ͨຊ͔Βɼଞͷ Ϣʔβͱൺֱͯ͠ಛʹಡ·Ε͍ͯΔॻ੶ΫϥεΛݟ͚ͭΔ -
44 ࠷ۙͷऔΓΈӄͱͦͷ 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 地 球
温 暖 化 ワ クチ ン 副 作 ⽤ 裏 の 団 体 在 ⽇ 外 国 ⼈ ⼈ ⼯ 地 震 ヒト 型 爬 ⾍ 類 コロ ナ は 存 在 し な い 宇 宙 ⼈ との 接 触 9.11テ ロ ⽶ 国 選 挙 不 正 ケ ム ト レ イ ル 知っている 正しいと思う ରͷӄΛฉ͍ͨਓͷ ͷਓ͕ͦͷใΛਖ਼͍͠ͱߟ͑ͯ ͍Δ -
50 ࠷ۙͷऔΓΈӄͱͦͷ l ӄΛ৴͡Δ l 4/4ར༻࣌ؒɺಈըࢹௌ࣌ؒɺϥδΦࡶࢽɺΦϯϥΠϯχϡʔεͱਖ਼ͷ૬ؔ l ຊͷಡΉྔɺจԽࢿຊͱਖ਼ͷ૬ؔ l ͓فΓͷճͱਖ਼ͷ૬ؔ
l ࣏తʹภͬͯΔਓʢอकɾϦϕϥϧʣͱਖ਼ͷ૬ؔ l ӄΛ֦ࢄ͢Δ l 4/4ར༻࣌ؒɺಈըࢹௌ࣌ؒɺϥδΦࡶࢽɺΦϯϥΠϯχϡʔεͱਖ਼ͷ૬ؔ l ੈଳऩ͕ߴ͍ɺຊͷಡΉྔɺจԽࢿຊͱਖ਼ͷ૬ؔ l ͓فΓͷճͱਖ਼ͷ૬ؔ l ࣏తʹภͬͯΔਓʢอकɾϦϕϥϧʣͱਖ਼ͷ૬ؔ ؔ࿈ͷ͋Δಛʹ͍ͭͯ