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Containerless Django
Peter Baumgartner
October 16, 2018
Programming
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Containerless Django
Deploying Django without Docker
Peter Baumgartner
October 16, 2018
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Transcript
DjangoCon US—San Diego Oct 2018 Deploying without Docker Containerless Django
Peter Baumgartner
Founder at Lincoln Loop—lincolnloop.com Former SysAdmin, DevOps for 8 years
Author of High Performance Django About Me
Docker is cool!
@ipmb | #djangocon Docker is cool! The “pipeline” Security Isolation
Dev/prod parity
Just bundle the entire OS
Some philosophy
“ —Mike Perham https://www.mikeperham.com/2016/02/09/kill-your-dependencies/ No code runs faster than no
code. No code has fewer bugs than no code. No code uses less memory than no code. No code is easier to understand than no code. “
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@ipmb | #djangocon Docker Drawbacks Slow Extra abstractions More software,
more problems
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How did we get here?
@ipmb | #djangocon Deployments sucked Dependencies would shift underneath you
Build tools and dev packages needed to be installed Multiple languages, multiple builds (Python & Node)
@ipmb | #djangocon The ideal deployment Download a binary Create
a configuration file Run it
@ipmb | #djangocon The ideal deployment /usr/local/bin/traefik \ --configFile=/etc/traefik/traefik.toml /usr/local/bin/telegraf
\ --config=/etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
@ipmb | #djangocon Python isn’t C or Go Requires a
VM Dynamic linking Packaging isn’t straightforward
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Can we do better?
@ipmb | #djangocon We already are! Lock files via pipenv
or poetry Pre-compiled wheels (Pillow, psycopg2-binary, etc.) Still lots of holes - Assembling virtualenvs - Static files - Production webserver
@ipmb | #djangocon Prior art Private PyPI virtualenv-clone Platter dh-virtualenv
Pex
@ipmb | #djangocon ZIP applications? Part of Python since 2.6
PEP-441 improves support in 3.5 Create a ZIP archive of your project. Run it with Python. …but no mechanism for handling dependencies
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@ipmb | #djangocon Enter shiv! A project from LinkedIn Zipapps
with dependencies A single artifact you can build → test → deploy ./myproject.pyz runserver
Django as a zipapp
Package your project with setup.py
@ipmb | #djangocon Include templates & static files Create a
MANIFEST.in graft your_project/collected_static graft your_project/templates
@ipmb | #djangocon Production webserver gunicorn + whitenoise ⭐ https://pypi.org/project/django-pyuwsgi/
@ipmb | #djangocon Build your zipapp
@ipmb | #djangocon Run your zipapp ./yourproject.pyz pyuwsgi --http=:8000
@ipmb | #djangocon Configuration Same zipapp, but different settings per
environment Options: - Multiple settings files and DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE - Environment variables - ⭐ https://pypi.org/project/goodconf/
@ipmb | #djangocon The zipapp pipeline Use CI (Travis, CircleCI,
Bitbucket, etc.) to: - Build - Test - Push Deploy = Download and run
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What about security?
Systemd's got your back
@ipmb | #djangocon Systemd is awesome ProtectSystem=strict ProtectHome=true DynamicUser=true CapabilityBoundingSet=~CAP_SYS_ADMIN
AppArmorProfile=srv.yourproject.pyz ProtectKernelTunables=true ProtectControlGroups=true ProtectKernelModules=true PrivateDevices=true PrivateTmp=true SystemCallArchitectures=native
What about isolation?
@ipmb | #djangocon Isolation You still need Python installed globally
Easy to install multiple Pythons on one server Docker has better isolation, but do you need it?
@ipmb | #djangocon What about parity? Zipapp is the same
from CI to all deployed environments Use Docker to mimic deployment envionrment locally (or don't)
@ipmb | #djangocon Pros Simpler. No Docker on the server.
No registry. ~1M fewer lines of code to depend on. Smaller artifacts Faster deployments It's just Python
@ipmb | #djangocon Cons Not as isolated as true containers
Requires Python runtime on the server Python-specific Not cross-platform compatible (if you have packages with C extensions)
@ipmb | #djangocon Sweet spot for zipapps You are deploying
primarily Python services You have outgrown PaaS (Heroku, PythonAnywhere, Divio, etc.) You have fewer than 50 services to maintain
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Thanks! Peter Baumgartner pete@lincolnloop.com @ipmb