- Restrictions vs Freedom - Material Framework R/U - Analysis vs Creativty vs Discovery - Backward in classical thought vs Forward to green visions - Metrics, Methods, Major Techs - Better reflexes 0.1 Sustainable architecture - architecture with new/old constraints 0.2 Fossil Paradigm 0.3 Sustainability reflections - Mickey Mouse vs Nested vs R/U - R/U - Environment vs Society - Sustainability of Objects vs Systems - Incomensurability of Optimal Sustainability
Recruitment Not to an ideological project To an analysis, creativity, and discovery proje Reaching Not towards an idealised green future Backwards towards architecture’s roots
against the two sustainability constraints How measure sustainability? Raw data (cardinal), Aggregate (ordinal/indexes), Lifecycle (longitudinal) Problems?
against the two sustainability constraints How measure sustainability? Raw data (cardinal), Aggregate (ordinal/indexes), Lifecycle (longitudinal) Problems? Complexity vs Useability? Subjectivity? Information quality and quantity?
against the two sustainability constraints How measure sustainability? Raw data (cardinal), Aggregate (ordinal/indexes), Lifecycle (longitudinal) Problems? Complexity vs Useability? Subjectivity? Information quality and quantity? Priority?
against the two sustainability constraints How measure sustainability? Raw data (cardinal), Aggregate (ordinal/indexes), Lifecycle (longitudinal) Problems? Complexity vs Useability? Subjectivity? Information quality and quantity? Priority? Role of designers? Integration of metrics into methods?
> growth > mobility > space > nutrition > wealth > access accommodation health wellbeing Meta Programme Social Discourse Components Hard Programme Buildings, Infrastructure Soft Programme Aesthetics, Mood, Culture Politics Identity Inclusion Crime Environment Nature Ethics Risk Cost Pollution Reduction Stock Conservation Nature Preservation Sufficiency Compassion S E MATERIAL SPATIAL SOCIAL PERSONAL OBJECTS ACTIONS STRUCTURES Resource Efficiency Functional Efficiency Use Efficiency Welfare Efficiency User Skills Development End-use services D Simultaneous / Sequential Spatial F Simultaneous / Sequential Object F Elimination of Negative F Process Efficiency Product Efficiency Localisation Cycling Systems Durability Simultaneous / Sequential UC Social Discourse
Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? > Positive and negative conditioning! (cars > bicycles) SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? > Positive and negative conditioning! (cars > bicycles) Future Use? SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? > Positive and negative conditioning! (cars > bicycles) Future Use? > Positive & negative future use (waste >design for recycling/durability) SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? > Positive and negative conditioning! (cars > bicycles) Future Use? > Positive & negative future use (waste >design for recycling/durability) SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? > Positive and negative conditioning! (cars > bicycles) Future Use? > Positive & negative future use (waste >design for recycling/durability) SCALE & PROBABILITY ! (system view > objects) 90% by 2050 SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
constraints?! Essential priority of environmental constraints: Time! Matter before Value! Additional priority of environmental constraints: Complexity! Rigour of social constraints?
constraints?! Essential priority of environmental constraints: Time! Matter before Value! Additional priority of environmental constraints: Complexity! Rigour of social constraints? Primacy of social desirables!
constraints?! Essential priority of environmental constraints: Time! Matter before Value! Additional priority of environmental constraints: Complexity! Rigour of social constraints? Primacy of social desirables! Political character of social constraints/desirables
constraints?! Essential priority of environmental constraints: Time! Matter before Value! Additional priority of environmental constraints: Complexity! Rigour of social constraints? Primacy of social desirables! Political character of social constraints/desirables
Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES Information Lack? > Gaps in available/convenient/reliable information? Lack of knowledge of limits? > Focus on main parameters & trends?
Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES Information Lack? > Gaps in available/convenient/reliable information? Lack of knowledge of limits? > Focus on main parameters & trends? Indicator Ease & Applicability > Indexes/Aggregates
Indexes? ISSUES Quantification: Cardinal vs Ordinal? > Groups of cardinal metrics? Credibility: Who believes this stuff? > What is their real use (marketing)?
Indexes? ISSUES Quantification: Cardinal vs Ordinal? > Groups of cardinal metrics? Credibility: Who believes this stuff? > What is their real use (marketing)? Governance: Who decides this stuff? > Can architects invent their own?
Indexes? ISSUES Quantification: Cardinal vs Ordinal? > Groups of cardinal metrics? Credibility: Who believes this stuff? > What is their real use (marketing)? Governance: Who decides this stuff? > Can architects invent their own? Sustainability: Is an A-grade really about sustainability? > Or what?
Resources, Nature Other inputs to LCA? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES Partitioning? > Where is the boundary of responsibility for any object?
Resources, Nature Other inputs to LCA? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES Partitioning? > Where is the boundary of responsibility for any object? Functional Unit? > Measuring what really matters?
Resources, Nature Other inputs to LCA? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES Partitioning? > Where is the boundary of responsibility for any object? Functional Unit? > Measuring what really matters? Information/Subjectivity? > Standard cardinal/ordinal problems
(required) Site selection (1 pt) Development density and community connectivity (1 pt) Brownfield redevelopment (1 pt) Alternative transportation availability (3 pts) Public transportation access (1 pt) Bicycle storage and changing rooms (1 pt) Parking capacity and carpooling (1 pt) Reduced site disturbance (2 pt) Protect or restore open space (1 pt) Development footprint Stormwater management (2 pts) Rate and quantity (1 pt) Treatment (1 pt) Reduce heat islands (2 pts) Roof (1 pt) Non-roof (1 pt) Light pollution reduction (1 pt) Water efficiency (5 points) Water efficient landscaping (2 pt) Reduce by 50% (1 pt) No potable use or no irrigation (1 pt) Innovative wastewater technologies (1 pt) Water use reduction (2 pt) Energy and atmosphere (17 points) Fundamental commissioning (required) Minimum (code) energy performance (required) Fundamental Refrigerant Management (required) Optimize energy performance by 14% (new) or 7% (existing) buildings (2 pts, required as of June 26, 2007) Energy optimization (8 pts in addition to the 2 required above) On-site renewable energy (3 pts) Ozone depletion (1 pt) Measurement and verification (1 pt) Green power (1 pt) Materials and resources (13 points) Storage and collection of recyclables (required) Building reuse (3 pts): 75% reuse of building structure and shell excluding windows (1 pt) 100% reuse of building structure and 50% of walls, floors, ceilings (1 pt) Construction waste reuse or recycling (by weight or volume) (2 pts): 50% diversion (1 pt) 75% diversion (1 pt) Reuse of existing materials (by cost) (2 pts) 5% salvaged or refurbished materials (1 pt) 10% salvaged or refurbished materials (1 pt) Recycled content (2 pts) Criteria vary in recent versions of LEED, but depend on value of pre- and post-consumer recycled content (2 pt) Use of local materials (2 pts) Fabrication shop within 500 miles (800 km) of building site and raw materials source within 500 miles (800 km) of building site, 10% (1 pt) or 20% (+1 pt). Rapidly renewable materials (1 pt) Certified Wood (1 pt) Indoor environmental quality (15 points) Minimum indoor air quality (required) Environmental tobacco smoke control (required) Outdoor air delivery monitoring (1 pt) Increased ventilation (1 pt) Construction indoor air quality management (2 pt) Indoor chemical and pollutant source control (1 pt) Controllability of systems (2 pt) Thermal comfort (2 pt) Daylight and views (2 pt) Innovation and design process (5 points) Examples for up to four design points using steel construction include structure as finish, structure as plumbing, lightweight materials, recyclability, and potential for disassembly.
Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions.
Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process
Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process What is sustainable architecture design method?
Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process What is sustainable architecture design method? How to avoid sustainability constraints just being ‘one’ constraint, and then getting sidelined?
Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process What is sustainable architecture design method? How to avoid sustainability constraints just being ‘one’ constraint, and then getting sidelined? Find inherent hiearchy of constraints, align sustainability features with it.
Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process What is sustainable architecture design method? How to avoid sustainability constraints just being ‘one’ constraint, and then getting sidelined? Find inherent hiearchy of constraints, align sustainability features with it. Find priority of issues for site
Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process What is sustainable architecture design method? How to avoid sustainability constraints just being ‘one’ constraint, and then getting sidelined? Find inherent hiearchy of constraints, align sustainability features with it. Find priority of issues for site Generate systematic process
(required) Site selection (1 pt) Development density and community connectivity (1 pt) Brownfield redevelopment (1 pt) Alternative transportation availability (3 pts) Public transportation access (1 pt) Bicycle storage and changing rooms (1 pt) Parking capacity and carpooling (1 pt) Reduced site disturbance (2 pt) Protect or restore open space (1 pt) Development footprint Stormwater management (2 pts) Rate and quantity (1 pt) Treatment (1 pt) Reduce heat islands (2 pts) Roof (1 pt) Non-roof (1 pt) Light pollution reduction (1 pt) Water efficiency (5 points) Water efficient landscaping (2 pt) Reduce by 50% (1 pt) No potable use or no irrigation (1 pt) Innovative wastewater technologies (1 pt) Water use reduction (2 pt) Energy and atmosphere (17 points) Fundamental commissioning (required) Minimum (code) energy performance (required) Fundamental Refrigerant Management (required) Optimize energy performance by 14% (new) or 7% (existing) buildings (2 pts, required as of June 26, 2007) Energy optimization (8 pts in addition to the 2 required above) On-site renewable energy (3 pts) Ozone depletion (1 pt) Measurement and verification (1 pt) Green power (1 pt) Materials and resources (13 points) Storage and collection of recyclables (required) Building reuse (3 pts): 75% reuse of building structure and shell excluding windows (1 pt) 100% reuse of building structure and 50% of walls, floors, ceilings (1 pt) Construction waste reuse or recycling (by weight or volume) (2 pts): 50% diversion (1 pt) 75% diversion (1 pt) Reuse of existing materials (by cost) (2 pts) 5% salvaged or refurbished materials (1 pt) 10% salvaged or refurbished materials (1 pt) Recycled content (2 pts) Criteria vary in recent versions of LEED, but depend on value of pre- and post-consumer recycled content (2 pt) Use of local materials (2 pts) Fabrication shop within 500 miles (800 km) of building site and raw materials source within 500 miles (800 km) of building site, 10% (1 pt) or 20% (+1 pt). Rapidly renewable materials (1 pt) Certified Wood (1 pt) Indoor environmental quality (15 points) Minimum indoor air quality (required) Environmental tobacco smoke control (required) Outdoor air delivery monitoring (1 pt) Increased ventilation (1 pt) Construction indoor air quality management (2 pt) Indoor chemical and pollutant source control (1 pt) Controllability of systems (2 pt) Thermal comfort (2 pt) Daylight and views (2 pt) Innovation and design process (5 points) Examples for up to four design points using steel construction include structure as finish, structure as plumbing, lightweight materials, recyclability, and potential for disassembly.
> growth > mobility > space > nutrition > wealth > access accommodation health wellbeing Meta Programme Social Discourse Components Hard Programme Buildings, Infrastructure Soft Programme Aesthetics, Mood, Culture Politics Identity Inclusion Crime Environment Nature Ethics Risk Cost Pollution Reduction Stock Conservation Nature Preservation Sufficiency Compassion S E MATERIAL SPATIAL SOCIAL PERSONAL OBJECTS ACTIONS STRUCTURES Resource Efficiency Functional Efficiency Use Efficiency Welfare Efficiency User Skills Development End-use services D Simultaneous / Sequential Spatial F Simultaneous / Sequential Object F Elimination of Negative F Process Efficiency Product Efficiency Localisation Cycling Systems Durability Simultaneous / Sequential UC Social Discourse
you travel, an for sustainable alternatives to private car and air travel 4. SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS – actively seek out local and sustainable m eg FSC wood products 5. LOCAL AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD – buy more local, seasonal and org food, MSC-certified fish, and reduce the amount of intensively-reared a processed meat and dairy products 6. SUSTAINABLE WATER – eliminate wasteful water consumption, and irr responsibly 7. HABITATS & WILDLIFE – help to preserve and enhance wildlife habitats example by eliminating the use of dangerous chemicals outdoors 8. CULTURE & HERITAGE – respect people’s traditions, promote local ide and help create a new culture of sustainability 9. EQUITY & FAIR TRADE – support fairly traded products and ethical investment 10. HEALTH & HAPPINESS – walk and cycle more, lead a healthier lifestyle promote well-being in your community. bout O NE NET LIVING® 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 is based ciples of Planet in which lead s within he Earth’s e visit ut 1% of r about of every challenge there is an opportunity. There is real money to be made in offering solutions to problems. One Planet Products (OPP), has published a new brochu courtesy of one of its members, Rydon Construction. OP an initiative which aims to make it easier for businesses engaged in residential and refurbishment work in the UK specify and use sustainable building products. The initiative’s advisory board includes representatives from BioRegional Development Group, WWF UK, the Building Research Establishment, SEEDA and the UK Green
> growth > mobility > space > nutrition > wealth > access accommodation health wellbeing Meta Programme Social Discourse Components Hard Programme Buildings, Infrastructure Soft Programme Aesthetics, Mood, Culture Politics Identity Inclusion Crime Environment Nature Ethics Risk Cost Pollution Reduction Stock Conservation Nature Preservation Sufficiency Compassion S E MATERIAL SPATIAL SOCIAL PERSONAL OBJECTS ACTIONS STRUCTURES Resource Efficiency Functional Efficiency Use Efficiency Welfare Efficiency User Skills Development End-use services D Simultaneous / Sequential Spatial F Simultaneous / Sequential Object F Elimination of Negative F Process Efficiency Product Efficiency Localisation Cycling Systems Durability Simultaneous / Sequential UC Social Discourse
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures Insulation techniques MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures Insulation techniques Heat-pumps and Heat-exchangers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures Insulation techniques Heat-pumps and Heat-exchangers Building design for district heating/ CHP MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures Insulation techniques Heat-pumps and Heat-exchangers Building design for district heating/ CHP MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures Insulation techniques Heat-pumps and Heat-exchangers Building design for district heating/ CHP MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY Functional landscaping: Wind, Sound, Pollution, Climate, Food, Fibre, Other Green roofs/facades MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY Functional landscaping: Wind, Sound, Pollution, Climate, Food, Fibre, Other Green roofs/facades Nature for recreation MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY Functional landscaping: Wind, Sound, Pollution, Climate, Food, Fibre, Other Green roofs/facades Nature for recreation Advanced nature conservation MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY Functional landscaping: Wind, Sound, Pollution, Climate, Food, Fibre, Other Green roofs/facades Nature for recreation Advanced nature conservation MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
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