KTH CMMMASS - Critical Methods Metrics and Major Techniques - Architectural Sustainability Studio

Transcript

1. 1 Urban Villa Row House Courtyard Highrise House High Rise Office Educational Industrial Rural Dwelling Mixed Use Urban (NON-CIRCULAR) TYPOLOGY WHEEL OF FORTUNE
2. 2 CMMASS Approach CMMMASS Approach 0 - Certainties vs Uncertainties - Restrictions vs Freedom - Material Framework R/U - Analysis vs Creativty vs Discovery - Backward in classical thought vs Forward to green visions - Metrics, Methods, Major Techs - Better reflexes 0.1 Sustainable architecture - architecture with new/old constraints 0.2 Fossil Paradigm 0.3 Sustainability reflections - Mickey Mouse vs Nested vs R/U - R/U - Environment vs Society - Sustainability of Objects vs Systems - Incomensurability of Optimal Sustainability
5. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e
6. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e 2 Certainties
7. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e 2 Certainties We’re going down
8. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e 2 Certainties We’re going down Archi-urbanism is at the centre, twice
9. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e 2 Certainties We’re going down Archi-urbanism is at the centre, twice 2 Unknowns
10. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e 2 Certainties We’re going down Archi-urbanism is at the centre, twice 2 Unknowns Free-fall or parachute?
11. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e 2 Certainties We’re going down Archi-urbanism is at the centre, twice 2 Unknowns Free-fall or parachute? Are you guys designing parachutes, or what?
12. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e 2 Certainties We’re going down Archi-urbanism is at the centre, twice 2 Unknowns Free-fall or parachute? Are you guys designing parachutes, or what?
13. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e C-MMMASS
14. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e C-MMMASS Parachute-making class
15. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e C-MMMASS Parachute-making class Restrictions vs Freedom
16. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e C-MMMASS Parachute-making class Restrictions vs Freedom Recruitment
17. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e C-MMMASS Parachute-making class Restrictions vs Freedom Recruitment Not to an ideological project
18. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e C-MMMASS Parachute-making class Restrictions vs Freedom Recruitment Not to an ideological project To an analysis, creativity, and discovery proje
19. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e C-MMMASS Parachute-making class Restrictions vs Freedom Recruitment Not to an ideological project To an analysis, creativity, and discovery proje Reaching
20. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e C-MMMASS Parachute-making class Restrictions vs Freedom Recruitment Not to an ideological project To an analysis, creativity, and discovery proje Reaching Not towards an idealised green future
21. 550ppm CO2e 250ppm CO2e C-MMMASS Parachute-making class Restrictions vs Freedom Recruitment Not to an ideological project To an analysis, creativity, and discovery proje Reaching Not towards an idealised green future Backwards towards architecture’s roots
24. METRICS
25. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM
26. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate
27. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate METHODS
28. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate METHODS Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc
29. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate METHODS Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Systematics | Signatures
30. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate MAJOR TECHNIQUES METHODS Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Systematics | Signatures
31. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate MAJOR TECHNIQUES Overview | Class Choice METHODS Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Systematics | Signatures
32. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate MAJOR TECHNIQUES Overview | Class Choice Materials, Structures, Systems, Bio, Behaviour METHODS Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Systematics | Signatures
33. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate MAJOR TECHNIQUES Overview | Class Choice Materials, Structures, Systems, Bio, Behaviour METHODS Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Systematics | Signatures
34. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate MAJOR TECHNIQUES Overview | Class Choice Materials, Structures, Systems, Bio, Behaviour METHODS Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Systematics | Signatures
35. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate MAJOR TECHNIQUES Overview | Class Choice Materials, Structures, Systems, Bio, Behaviour METHODS Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Systematics | Signatures
36. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate MAJOR TECHNIQUES Overview | Class Choice Materials, Structures, Systems, Bio, Behaviour METHODS Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Systematics | Signatures
37. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate MAJOR TECHNIQUES Overview | Class Choice Materials, Structures, Systems, Bio, Behaviour METHODS Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Systematics | Signatures
38. METRICS Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal | Longitudinal | Aggregate MAJOR TECHNIQUES Overview | Class Choice Materials, Structures, Systems, Bio, Behaviour METHODS Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Systematics | Signatures
39. Metrics Industry Tools - LEED, BREEAM Cardinal/Ordinal Metrics Longitudinal Metrics Aggregate Metrics
40. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure Systematics | Step by Step Signatures | Piece by Piece
41. Major Techniques Overview | Class Choice Materials Structures Systems Bio Behaviour
42. 8 Sustainability Notes
43. Sustainable Development?
44. Environment Sustainable Development?
45. Environment Society Sustainable Development?
46. Environment Society Economy Sustainable Development?
47. Environment Society Economy SD Sustainable Development?
48. Architecture?
49. Walls & Roof Architecture?
50. Walls & Roof Doors & Windows Architecture?
51. Walls & Roof Doors & Windows Furnishing Architecture?
52. Walls & Roof Doors & Windows Furnishing Hs Architecture?
54. Why measure sustainability?
55. Why measure sustainability? To see if the object/structure/action is better against the two sustainability constraints
56. Why measure sustainability? To see if the object/structure/action is better against the two sustainability constraints How measure sustainability?
57. Why measure sustainability? To see if the object/structure/action is better against the two sustainability constraints How measure sustainability? Raw data (cardinal), Aggregate (ordinal/indexes), Lifecycle (longitudinal)
58. Why measure sustainability? To see if the object/structure/action is better against the two sustainability constraints How measure sustainability? Raw data (cardinal), Aggregate (ordinal/indexes), Lifecycle (longitudinal) Problems?
59. Why measure sustainability? To see if the object/structure/action is better against the two sustainability constraints How measure sustainability? Raw data (cardinal), Aggregate (ordinal/indexes), Lifecycle (longitudinal) Problems? Complexity vs Useability? Subjectivity? Information quality and quantity?
60. Why measure sustainability? To see if the object/structure/action is better against the two sustainability constraints How measure sustainability? Raw data (cardinal), Aggregate (ordinal/indexes), Lifecycle (longitudinal) Problems? Complexity vs Useability? Subjectivity? Information quality and quantity? Priority?
61. Why measure sustainability? To see if the object/structure/action is better against the two sustainability constraints How measure sustainability? Raw data (cardinal), Aggregate (ordinal/indexes), Lifecycle (longitudinal) Problems? Complexity vs Useability? Subjectivity? Information quality and quantity? Priority? Role of designers? Integration of metrics into methods?
62. PROBLEM WITH META-METRIC
64. A B C D
65. A B C D Crude ordinal ranking
66. A B C D Crude ordinal ranking A1 A 2 A 3 A 4
67. A B C D Crude ordinal ranking A1 A 2 A 3 A 4 Allocation
68. 14 R/U
69. 15 R/U
70. R U
71. R U
72. R U RESOURCES CONSTRAINTS RESTRICTIONS
73. R U RESOURCES CONSTRAINTS RESTRICTIONS APPLICATIONS DESIRABLES FREEDOM
74. R U RESOURCES CONSTRAINTS RESTRICTIONS APPLICATIONS DESIRABLES FREEDOM M E T R I C S
75. R U RESOURCES CONSTRAINTS RESTRICTIONS APPLICATIONS DESIRABLES FREEDOM M E T R I C S M T E C H S
76. R U RESOURCES CONSTRAINTS RESTRICTIONS APPLICATIONS DESIRABLES FREEDOM ANALYSIS M E T R I C S M T E C H S
77. R U RESOURCES CONSTRAINTS RESTRICTIONS APPLICATIONS DESIRABLES FREEDOM ANALYSIS CREATIVITY M E T R I C S M T E C H S
78. R U RESOURCES CONSTRAINTS RESTRICTIONS APPLICATIONS DESIRABLES FREEDOM ANALYSIS CREATIVITY M E T R I C S M T E C H S M E T H O D S
79. R U RESOURCES CONSTRAINTS RESTRICTIONS APPLICATIONS DESIRABLES FREEDOM ANALYSIS CREATIVITY M E T R I C S M T E C H S M E T H O D S DISCOVERY
81. N
82. NATURAL RESOURCES N
83. NATURAL RESOURCES N H
84. NATURAL RESOURCES BUILT DESIGN/ PRODUCTS N H
85. NATURAL RESOURCES BUILT DESIGN/ PRODUCTS N H
86. NATURAL RESOURCES BUILT DESIGN/ PRODUCTS N H
87. ⊖R NATURAL RESOURCES BUILT DESIGN/ PRODUCTS N H
88. ⊖R NATURAL RESOURCES BUILT DESIGN/ PRODUCTS N H
89. ⊖R NATURAL RESOURCES BUILT DESIGN/ PRODUCTS ⊗R N H
90. ⊖R NATURAL RESOURCES BUILT DESIGN/ PRODUCTS ⊗R N H
91. ⊖R NATURAL RESOURCES ⊗C BUILT DESIGN/ PRODUCTS ⊗R N H
92. ⊖R NATURAL RESOURCES BUILT DESIGN/ PRODUCTS ⊖U ⊗R N H
94. Sustainable Design
95. Sustainable Design = R/U
96. Sustainable Design = R/U
97. Sustainable Design = R/U = (R/P . P/FS . FS/UC . UC/U)
99. Social Discourse Programme/Brief Functional Decomposition vehicle > property > food > growth > mobility > space > nutrition > wealth > access accommodation health wellbeing Meta Programme Social Discourse Components Hard Programme Buildings, Infrastructure Soft Programme Aesthetics, Mood, Culture Politics Identity Inclusion Crime Environment Nature Ethics Risk Cost Pollution Reduction Stock Conservation Nature Preservation Sufficiency 

 

 Compassion S E MATERIAL SPATIAL SOCIAL PERSONAL OBJECTS ACTIONS STRUCTURES Resource 

Efficiency Functional 

Efficiency Use 

Efficiency Welfare 

Efficiency User Skills Development End-use services D Simultaneous / Sequential Spatial F Simultaneous / Sequential Object F Elimination of Negative F Process 

Efficiency Product 

Efficiency Localisation Cycling Systems Durability Simultaneous / Sequential UC Social Discourse
100. 21 Solar Paradigm
102. Solar Energy Paradigm
103. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain
104. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain
105. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production)
106. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat
107. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat
108. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat
109. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat Wind
110. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat Wind Wave
111. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat Wind Wave Hydro
112. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat Wind Wave Hydro
113. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat Wind Wave Hydro Ground/Water Source Heat Exchange
114. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat Wind Wave Hydro Ground/Water Source Heat Exchange
115. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat Wind Wave Hydro Ground/Water Source Heat Exchange
116. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat Wind Wave Hydro Ground/Water Source Heat Exchange
117. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat Wind Wave Hydro Ground/Water Source Heat Exchange + Moon + Planet Core Tidal Geothermal
118. Solar Energy Paradigm Direct Thermal Gain Biomass (Primary Production) Animal Biomass > Animal Heat Human Biomass > Human Heat Wind Wave Hydro Ground/Water Source Heat Exchange + Moon + Planet Core Tidal Geothermal + Fossils + Minerals + Wacky Biota
120. Fossil Energy Paradigm
121. Fossil Energy Paradigm Cheap Energy
122. Fossil Energy Paradigm Cheap Energy Cheap Transport
123. Fossil Energy Paradigm Cheap Energy Cheap Transport Cheap Food
124. Fossil Energy Paradigm Cheap Energy Cheap Transport Cheap Food Cheap Plastics
125. Fossil Energy Paradigm Cheap Energy Cheap Transport Cheap Food Cheap Plastics
126. Fossil Energy Paradigm Cheap Energy Cheap Transport Cheap Food Cheap Plastics Cheap Electronics & Technology
127. Fossil Energy Paradigm Cheap Energy Cheap Transport Cheap Food Cheap Plastics Cheap Electronics & Technology Cheap Communication & Innovation
128. SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
129. SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
130. Systems SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
131. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
132. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
133. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) Objects SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
134. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) Objects Equal resource allocation? SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
135. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
136. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
137. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? > Positive and negative conditioning! (cars > bicycles) SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
138. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? > Positive and negative conditioning! (cars > bicycles) Future Use? SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
139. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? > Positive and negative conditioning! (cars > bicycles) Future Use? > Positive & negative future use (waste >design for recycling/durability) SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
140. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? > Positive and negative conditioning! (cars > bicycles) Future Use? > Positive & negative future use (waste >design for recycling/durability) SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
141. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? > Positive and negative conditioning! (cars > bicycles) Future Use? > Positive & negative future use (waste >design for recycling/durability) SCALE & PROBABILITY ! (system view > objects) SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
142. Systems Within constraints, over repeating time unit (90% by 2050) Objects Equal resource allocation? > Power > Benefit distribution Conditioned behaviour by objects? > Positive and negative conditioning! (cars > bicycles) Future Use? > Positive & negative future use (waste >design for recycling/durability) SCALE & PROBABILITY ! (system view > objects) 90% by 2050 SUSTAINABLE - SYSTEMS vs OBJECTS
143. 25 Sustainable Architecture as Constraints
145. What is architecture?
146. What is architecture? Optimisation of desirables vs constraints
147. What is architecture? Optimisation of desirables vs constraints What is sustainability?
148. What is architecture? Optimisation of desirables vs constraints What is sustainability? New constraints
149. What is architecture? Optimisation of desirables vs constraints What is sustainability? New constraints What is sustainable architecture?
150. What is architecture? Optimisation of desirables vs constraints What is sustainability? New constraints What is sustainable architecture? Architecture for a world with new constraints
152. What is architecture?
153. What is architecture? Desirables: Programme, Aesthetics, Social, etc
154. What is architecture? Desirables: Programme, Aesthetics, Social, etc Constraints: Cost, Structural, Contextual, etc
155. What is architecture? Desirables: Programme, Aesthetics, Social, etc Constraints: Cost, Structural, Contextual, etc Optimisation: The design process, ‘trading-off’
157. What is sustainability?
158. What is sustainability? Environmental constraints: Biophysical limits, Ethical limits
159. What is sustainability? Environmental constraints: Biophysical limits, Ethical limits Other constraints?!
160. What is sustainability? Environmental constraints: Biophysical limits, Ethical limits Other constraints?! Essential priority of environmental constraints: Time! Matter before Value!
161. What is sustainability? Environmental constraints: Biophysical limits, Ethical limits Other constraints?! Essential priority of environmental constraints: Time! Matter before Value! Additional priority of environmental constraints: Complexity!
162. What is sustainability? Environmental constraints: Biophysical limits, Ethical limits Other constraints?! Essential priority of environmental constraints: Time! Matter before Value! Additional priority of environmental constraints: Complexity! Rigour of social constraints?
163. What is sustainability? Environmental constraints: Biophysical limits, Ethical limits Other constraints?! Essential priority of environmental constraints: Time! Matter before Value! Additional priority of environmental constraints: Complexity! Rigour of social constraints? Primacy of social desirables!
164. What is sustainability? Environmental constraints: Biophysical limits, Ethical limits Other constraints?! Essential priority of environmental constraints: Time! Matter before Value! Additional priority of environmental constraints: Complexity! Rigour of social constraints? Primacy of social desirables! Political character of social constraints/desirables
165. What is sustainability? Environmental constraints: Biophysical limits, Ethical limits Other constraints?! Essential priority of environmental constraints: Time! Matter before Value! Additional priority of environmental constraints: Complexity! Rigour of social constraints? Primacy of social desirables! Political character of social constraints/desirables
167. What is sustainable architecture? Optimisation of desirables vs (new) constraints Sustainable architecture = (Good, Great?) Architecture Translation of constraints into desirables: Efficiency?! Nature?!
168. What is (sustainable) architecture? Disconnecting from fossil ‘opportunities’ Making desirables out of constraints (Re)-connecting to solar opportunities and constraints
169. 31 METRICS
170. METRICS
171. METRICS
172. Raw Data (Cardinal): Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature METRICS
173. Raw Data (Cardinal): Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Aggregate Data (Ordinal): Footprint, Assessment Tools METRICS
174. Raw Data (Cardinal): Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Aggregate Data (Ordinal): Footprint, Assessment Tools Supply-chain (Longitudinal): LCA METRICS
175. Raw Data (Cardinal): Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Aggregate Data (Ordinal): Footprint, Assessment Tools Supply-chain (Longitudinal): LCA METRICS
176. Raw Data (Cardinal): Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Aggregate Data (Ordinal): Footprint, Assessment Tools Supply-chain (Longitudinal): LCA Industry Tools: LEED, BREEAM, BIM/LCA/PLD METRICS
177. Raw Data (Cardinal): Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Aggregate Data (Ordinal): Footprint, Assessment Tools Supply-chain (Longitudinal): LCA Industry Tools: LEED, BREEAM, BIM/LCA/PLD METRICS
178. METRICS Raw Data (Cardinal)
179. METRICS Raw Data (Cardinal) Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature
180. METRICS Raw Data (Cardinal) Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Others? Measurement?
181. METRICS Raw Data (Cardinal) Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Others? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions?
182. METRICS Raw Data (Cardinal) Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Others? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES
183. METRICS Raw Data (Cardinal) Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Others? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES Information Lack? > Gaps in available/convenient/reliable information?
184. METRICS Raw Data (Cardinal) Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Others? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES Information Lack? > Gaps in available/convenient/reliable information? Lack of knowledge of limits? > Focus on main parameters & trends?
185. METRICS Raw Data (Cardinal) Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Others? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES Information Lack? > Gaps in available/convenient/reliable information? Lack of knowledge of limits? > Focus on main parameters & trends? Indicator Ease & Applicability > Indexes/Aggregates
186. METRICS Aggregates (Ordinal; & Cardinal?)
187. METRICS Aggregates (Ordinal; & Cardinal?) Carbon, Energy
188. METRICS Aggregates (Ordinal; & Cardinal?) Carbon, Energy Others? Measurement?
189. METRICS Aggregates (Ordinal; & Cardinal?) Carbon, Energy Others? Measurement? Eco-footprint
190. METRICS Aggregates (Ordinal; & Cardinal?) Carbon, Energy Others? Measurement? Eco-footprint Indexes?
191. METRICS Aggregates (Ordinal; & Cardinal?) Carbon, Energy Others? Measurement? Eco-footprint Indexes? ISSUES
192. METRICS Aggregates (Ordinal; & Cardinal?) Carbon, Energy Others? Measurement? Eco-footprint Indexes? ISSUES Quantification: Cardinal vs Ordinal? > Groups of cardinal metrics? Credibility: Who believes this stuff? > What is their real use (marketing)?
193. METRICS Aggregates (Ordinal; & Cardinal?) Carbon, Energy Others? Measurement? Eco-footprint Indexes? ISSUES Quantification: Cardinal vs Ordinal? > Groups of cardinal metrics? Credibility: Who believes this stuff? > What is their real use (marketing)? Governance: Who decides this stuff? > Can architects invent their own?
194. METRICS Aggregates (Ordinal; & Cardinal?) Carbon, Energy Others? Measurement? Eco-footprint Indexes? ISSUES Quantification: Cardinal vs Ordinal? > Groups of cardinal metrics? Credibility: Who believes this stuff? > What is their real use (marketing)? Governance: Who decides this stuff? > Can architects invent their own? Sustainability: Is an A-grade really about sustainability? > Or what?
195. METRICS Supply Chain Data (Longitudinal)
196. METRICS Supply Chain Data (Longitudinal) LCA using e.g. Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature
197. METRICS Supply Chain Data (Longitudinal) LCA using e.g. Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Other inputs to LCA? Measurement?
198. METRICS Supply Chain Data (Longitudinal) LCA using e.g. Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Other inputs to LCA? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions?
199. METRICS Supply Chain Data (Longitudinal) LCA using e.g. Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Other inputs to LCA? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES
200. METRICS Supply Chain Data (Longitudinal) LCA using e.g. Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Other inputs to LCA? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES Partitioning? > Where is the boundary of responsibility for any object?
201. METRICS Supply Chain Data (Longitudinal) LCA using e.g. Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Other inputs to LCA? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES Partitioning? > Where is the boundary of responsibility for any object? Functional Unit? > Measuring what really matters?
202. METRICS Supply Chain Data (Longitudinal) LCA using e.g. Carbon, Energy, Resources, Nature Other inputs to LCA? Measurement? Sustainability? Decisions? ISSUES Partitioning? > Where is the boundary of responsibility for any object? Functional Unit? > Measuring what really matters? Information/Subjectivity? > Standard cardinal/ordinal problems
205. 37 Sustainable sites (14 points) Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Plan (required) Site selection (1 pt) Development density and community connectivity (1 pt) Brownfield redevelopment (1 pt) Alternative transportation availability (3 pts) Public transportation access (1 pt) Bicycle storage and changing rooms (1 pt) Parking capacity and carpooling (1 pt) Reduced site disturbance (2 pt) Protect or restore open space (1 pt) Development footprint Stormwater management (2 pts) Rate and quantity (1 pt) Treatment (1 pt) Reduce heat islands (2 pts) Roof (1 pt) Non-roof (1 pt) Light pollution reduction (1 pt) Water efficiency (5 points) Water efficient landscaping (2 pt) Reduce by 50% (1 pt) No potable use or no irrigation (1 pt) Innovative wastewater technologies (1 pt) Water use reduction (2 pt) Energy and atmosphere (17 points) Fundamental commissioning (required) Minimum (code) energy performance (required) Fundamental Refrigerant Management (required) Optimize energy performance by 14% (new) or 7% (existing) buildings (2 pts, required as of June 26, 2007) Energy optimization (8 pts in addition to the 2 required above) On-site renewable energy (3 pts) Ozone depletion (1 pt) Measurement and verification (1 pt) Green power (1 pt) Materials and resources (13 points) Storage and collection of recyclables (required) Building reuse (3 pts): 75% reuse of building structure and shell excluding windows (1 pt) 100% reuse of building structure and 50% of walls, floors, ceilings (1 pt) Construction waste reuse or recycling (by weight or volume) (2 pts): 50% diversion (1 pt) 75% diversion (1 pt) Reuse of existing materials (by cost) (2 pts) 5% salvaged or refurbished materials (1 pt) 10% salvaged or refurbished materials (1 pt) Recycled content (2 pts) Criteria vary in recent versions of LEED, but depend on value of pre- and post-consumer recycled content (2 pt) Use of local materials (2 pts) Fabrication shop within 500 miles (800 km) of building site and raw materials source within 500 miles (800 km) of building site, 10% (1 pt) or 20% (+1 pt). Rapidly renewable materials (1 pt) Certified Wood (1 pt) Indoor environmental quality (15 points) Minimum indoor air quality (required) Environmental tobacco smoke control (required) Outdoor air delivery monitoring (1 pt) Increased ventilation (1 pt) Construction indoor air quality management (2 pt) Indoor chemical and pollutant source control (1 pt) Controllability of systems (2 pt) Thermal comfort (2 pt) Daylight and views (2 pt) Innovation and design process (5 points) Examples for up to four design points using steel construction include structure as finish, structure as plumbing, lightweight materials, recyclability, and potential for disassembly.
206. 38 METHODS
207. METHODS What is architectural method? Beyond random squishing together of variables, consider metrics, then functional recomposition of programme, then signature moves
209. Use of metrics?
210. Use of metrics? How are these integrated into design method?
211. Use of metrics? How are these integrated into design method? Start by actually defining constraints.
212. Use of metrics? How are these integrated into design method? Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method?
213. Use of metrics? How are these integrated into design method? Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it?
214. Use of metrics? How are these integrated into design method? Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions.
215. Use of metrics? How are these integrated into design method? Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process
216. Use of metrics? How are these integrated into design method? Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process What is sustainable architecture design method?
217. Use of metrics? How are these integrated into design method? Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process What is sustainable architecture design method? How to avoid sustainability constraints just being ‘one’ constraint, and then getting sidelined?
218. Use of metrics? How are these integrated into design method? Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process What is sustainable architecture design method? How to avoid sustainability constraints just being ‘one’ constraint, and then getting sidelined? Find inherent hiearchy of constraints, align sustainability features with it.
219. Use of metrics? How are these integrated into design method? Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process What is sustainable architecture design method? How to avoid sustainability constraints just being ‘one’ constraint, and then getting sidelined? Find inherent hiearchy of constraints, align sustainability features with it. Find priority of issues for site
220. Use of metrics? How are these integrated into design method? Start by actually defining constraints. What is architectural design method? Well, what is it? Architecture has got away with weak constraint defintiions. Architecture method is process What is sustainable architecture design method? How to avoid sustainability constraints just being ‘one’ constraint, and then getting sidelined? Find inherent hiearchy of constraints, align sustainability features with it. Find priority of issues for site Generate systematic process
223. 42 Sustainable sites (14 points) Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Plan (required) Site selection (1 pt) Development density and community connectivity (1 pt) Brownfield redevelopment (1 pt) Alternative transportation availability (3 pts) Public transportation access (1 pt) Bicycle storage and changing rooms (1 pt) Parking capacity and carpooling (1 pt) Reduced site disturbance (2 pt) Protect or restore open space (1 pt) Development footprint Stormwater management (2 pts) Rate and quantity (1 pt) Treatment (1 pt) Reduce heat islands (2 pts) Roof (1 pt) Non-roof (1 pt) Light pollution reduction (1 pt) Water efficiency (5 points) Water efficient landscaping (2 pt) Reduce by 50% (1 pt) No potable use or no irrigation (1 pt) Innovative wastewater technologies (1 pt) Water use reduction (2 pt) Energy and atmosphere (17 points) Fundamental commissioning (required) Minimum (code) energy performance (required) Fundamental Refrigerant Management (required) Optimize energy performance by 14% (new) or 7% (existing) buildings (2 pts, required as of June 26, 2007) Energy optimization (8 pts in addition to the 2 required above) On-site renewable energy (3 pts) Ozone depletion (1 pt) Measurement and verification (1 pt) Green power (1 pt) Materials and resources (13 points) Storage and collection of recyclables (required) Building reuse (3 pts): 75% reuse of building structure and shell excluding windows (1 pt) 100% reuse of building structure and 50% of walls, floors, ceilings (1 pt) Construction waste reuse or recycling (by weight or volume) (2 pts): 50% diversion (1 pt) 75% diversion (1 pt) Reuse of existing materials (by cost) (2 pts) 5% salvaged or refurbished materials (1 pt) 10% salvaged or refurbished materials (1 pt) Recycled content (2 pts) Criteria vary in recent versions of LEED, but depend on value of pre- and post-consumer recycled content (2 pt) Use of local materials (2 pts) Fabrication shop within 500 miles (800 km) of building site and raw materials source within 500 miles (800 km) of building site, 10% (1 pt) or 20% (+1 pt). Rapidly renewable materials (1 pt) Certified Wood (1 pt) Indoor environmental quality (15 points) Minimum indoor air quality (required) Environmental tobacco smoke control (required) Outdoor air delivery monitoring (1 pt) Increased ventilation (1 pt) Construction indoor air quality management (2 pt) Indoor chemical and pollutant source control (1 pt) Controllability of systems (2 pt) Thermal comfort (2 pt) Daylight and views (2 pt) Innovation and design process (5 points) Examples for up to four design points using steel construction include structure as finish, structure as plumbing, lightweight materials, recyclability, and potential for disassembly.
224. R U ANALYSIS CREATIVITY M E T R I C S T E C H N I Q U E S M E T H O D
225. R U ANALYSIS CREATIVITY M E T R I C S T E C H N I Q U E S M E T H O D
226. R U ANALYSIS CREATIVITY M E T R I C S T E C H N I Q U E S M E T H O D
227. R U ANALYSIS CREATIVITY M E T R I C S T E C H N I Q U E S M E T H O D
228. R U M E T R I C S T E C H N I Q U E S M E T H O D
229. R U M E T R I C S T E C H N I Q U E S M E T H O D FORM-FINDING
230. R U M E T R I C S T E C H N I Q U E S M E T H O D FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
231. R U M E T R I C S T E C H N I Q U E S M E T H O D FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING PRINCIPLES
233. BRIEF / PROG
234. BRIEF / PROG
235. BRIEF / PROG FORM
236. BRIEF / PROG FORM METHOD
237. BRIEF / PROG FORM METHOD PROCESS
239. R U FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
240. R U FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING BRIEF / PROG FORM
241. R U FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING BRIEF / PROG FORM METHOD
242. METHOD
243. METHOD =
244. METHOD PROCESS PRINCIPLES =
246. BRIEF FORM
247. BRIEF FORM FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
248. PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
249. PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
250. PREPARATION PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
251. PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
252. DELIVERY PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
253. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
254. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
255. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
256. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
257. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities experience PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
258. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities experience PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT site! priorities experience FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
259. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities experience PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT site! priorities experience FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
260. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities experience PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT site! priorities experience FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
261. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities experience PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT site! priorities experience FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
263. PROCESS ACTION
264. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION
265. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION
266. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION
267. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION
268. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION
269. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT
270. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS
271. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS HIERARCHY
272. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY
273. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY
274. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP
275. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP EXPERIENCE
276. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT DESIGN / SCIENCE ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP EXPERIENCE
277. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT DESIGN / SCIENCE GENERATIVITY ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP EXPERIENCE
278. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT DESIGN / SCIENCE GENERATIVITY ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP EXPERIENCE PROCESS CHARACTER
279. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT DESIGN / SCIENCE GENERATIVITY ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP EXPERIENCE PROCESS CHARACTER DISCOVERY
280. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT DISCOVERY
281. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING DISCOVERY
282. 10. HE pro 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 based es of et which d thin arth’s One P court an ini engag speci The in repre Group
285. Methods
286. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc
287. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc
288. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Industry metrics as methods?
289. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Industry metrics as methods?
290. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT DISCOVERY
291. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING DISCOVERY
293. METRICS
294. METRICS SIGNATURE
295. METRICS SIGNATURE SYSTEMATICS
296. METRICS SIGNATURE SYSTEMATICS
298. Methods
299. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc
300. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc
301. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure
302. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure Systematics | Step by Step
303. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure Systematics | Step by Step Signatures | Piece by Piece
304. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure Systematics | Step by Step Signatures | Piece by Piece
306. Sustainable Design = R/U = (R/P . P/FS . FS/UC . UC/U)
308. Social Discourse Programme/Brief Functional Decomposition vehicle > property > food > growth > mobility > space > nutrition > wealth > access accommodation health wellbeing Meta Programme Social Discourse Components Hard Programme Buildings, Infrastructure Soft Programme Aesthetics, Mood, Culture Politics Identity Inclusion Crime Environment Nature Ethics Risk Cost Pollution Reduction Stock Conservation Nature Preservation Sufficiency 

 

 Compassion S E MATERIAL SPATIAL SOCIAL PERSONAL OBJECTS ACTIONS STRUCTURES Resource 

Efficiency Functional 

Efficiency Use 

Efficiency Welfare 

Efficiency User Skills Development End-use services D Simultaneous / Sequential Spatial F Simultaneous / Sequential Object F Elimination of Negative F Process 

Efficiency Product 

Efficiency Localisation Cycling Systems Durability Simultaneous / Sequential UC Social Discourse
311. !
313. Methods
314. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc
315. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc
316. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure
317. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure Systematics | Step by Step
318. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure Systematics | Step by Step Signatures | Piece by Piece
319. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure Systematics | Step by Step Signatures | Piece by Piece
320. Methods Classical architectural method? > Priorities > Palette (vs Process) > Mysteries Sustainable architecture required features? > Systematics > Hierarchy > Priorities > Palette (vs Process) > Mysteries Industry Methods? > Application? > Crap? New Methods? > Starting Points > Development?
321. goods) 3. SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT – try to reduce the amount you travel, an for sustainable alternatives to private car and air travel 4. SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS – actively seek out local and sustainable m eg FSC wood products 5. LOCAL AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD – buy more local, seasonal and org food, MSC-certified fish, and reduce the amount of intensively-reared a processed meat and dairy products 6. SUSTAINABLE WATER – eliminate wasteful water consumption, and irr responsibly 7. HABITATS & WILDLIFE – help to preserve and enhance wildlife habitats example by eliminating the use of dangerous chemicals outdoors 8. CULTURE & HERITAGE – respect people’s traditions, promote local ide and help create a new culture of sustainability 9. EQUITY & FAIR TRADE – support fairly traded products and ethical investment 10. HEALTH & HAPPINESS – walk and cycle more, lead a healthier lifestyle promote well-being in your community. bout O NE NET LIVING® 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 is based ciples of Planet in which lead s within he Earth’s e visit ut 1% of r about of every challenge there is an opportunity. There is real money to be made in offering solutions to problems. One Planet Products (OPP), has published a new brochu courtesy of one of its members, Rydon Construction. OP an initiative which aims to make it easier for businesses engaged in residential and refurbishment work in the UK specify and use sustainable building products. The initiative’s advisory board includes representatives from BioRegional Development Group, WWF UK, the Building Research Establishment, SEEDA and the UK Green
322. METHOD
323. METHOD =
324. METHOD PROCESS PRINCIPLES =
326. BRIEF FORM
327. BRIEF FORM FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
328. PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
329. PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
330. PREPARATION PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
331. PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
332. DELIVERY PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
333. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
334. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
335. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
336. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
337. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities experience PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
338. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities experience PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT site! priorities experience FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
339. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities experience PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT site! priorities experience FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
340. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities experience PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT site! priorities experience FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
341. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN univ’l hierarchy authorship context priorities experience PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT site! priorities experience FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING
343. PROCESS ACTION
344. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION
345. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION
346. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION
347. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION
348. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION
349. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT
350. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS
351. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS HIERARCHY
352. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY
353. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY
354. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP
355. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP EXPERIENCE
356. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT DESIGN / SCIENCE ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP EXPERIENCE
357. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT DESIGN / SCIENCE GENERATIVITY ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP EXPERIENCE
358. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT DESIGN / SCIENCE GENERATIVITY ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP EXPERIENCE PROCESS CHARACTER
359. PROCESS ACTION SITE SELECTION AGGREGATION ITERATION COMMUNICATION COLLABORATION MANAGEMENT DESIGN / SCIENCE GENERATIVITY ANALYSIS HIERARCHY PRIORITY CREATIVITY AUTHORSHIP EXPERIENCE PROCESS CHARACTER DISCOVERY
360. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT DISCOVERY
361. DELIVERY INITIATION PREPARATION DESIGN PROPOSAL BRIEF FORM FINAL DRAFT FORM-FINDING FORM-GIVING DISCOVERY
363. Methods
364. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc
365. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc
366. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure
367. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure Systematics | Step by Step
368. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure Systematics | Step by Step Signatures | Piece by Piece
369. Methods Industry Tools - EVA/SPEAR, OPL, SID, etc Metrics | Measure by Measure Systematics | Step by Step Signatures | Piece by Piece
371. Sustainable Design = R/U = (R/P.P/FS.FS/UC.UC/U)
373. Social Discourse Programme/Brief Functional Decomposition vehicle > property > food > growth > mobility > space > nutrition > wealth > access accommodation health wellbeing Meta Programme Social Discourse Components Hard Programme Buildings, Infrastructure Soft Programme Aesthetics, Mood, Culture Politics Identity Inclusion Crime Environment Nature Ethics Risk Cost Pollution Reduction Stock Conservation Nature Preservation Sufficiency 

 

 Compassion S E MATERIAL SPATIAL SOCIAL PERSONAL OBJECTS ACTIONS STRUCTURES Resource 

Efficiency Functional 

Efficiency Use 

Efficiency Welfare 

Efficiency User Skills Development End-use services D Simultaneous / Sequential Spatial F Simultaneous / Sequential Object F Elimination of Negative F Process 

Efficiency Product 

Efficiency Localisation Cycling Systems Durability Simultaneous / Sequential UC Social Discourse
375. Sustainable Design = R/U = (R/P.P/FS.FS/UC.UC/U)
376. SUSTAINABILITY SUPPLY APPLICATIONS BEHAVIOUR CONCEPTS MATERIAL CLEAN ABUNDANT CONTROLLED EFFICIENT DESIGNED NETWORKED SKILLED MEDIA Soil Space Land Water RESOURCES Fossils Life-systems Minerals Biota Sunlight APPLICATIONS Power Housing Mobility Food Goods Infrastructure MY NEEDS THEIR NEEDS TECHNIQUES Pollution Capture Technolgy Waste Management Recapture Technology Remediation Technology Toxics Reduction Scientific 

Management Source Substitution Park Management Preservation Research Remediation & Restoration Material choices Personal reductions Process 

Efficiency Product 

Efficieny Recycled Materials Recycling Durability Localisation Simultaneous Functionality Sequential Functionality Synchronic Usage Sequential Usage User-adapting Tech User Skills Service Agents Pollution Reduction Stock Conservation Nature Protection Resource 

Efficiency Functional 

Efficiency Use 

Efficiency Welfare 

Efficiency Sufficiency-­Limits Respect-Limits 75
377. 76 M TECHS
378. MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
379. MATERIALS MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
380. MATERIALS MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
381. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
382. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
383. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
384. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
385. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
386. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
387. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
388. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
389. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
390. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
391. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
392. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
393. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
394. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
395. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
396. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
397. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
398. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
399. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
400. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
401. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
402. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
403. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
404. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
405. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
406. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
407. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures Insulation techniques MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
408. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures Insulation techniques Heat-pumps and Heat-exchangers MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
409. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures Insulation techniques Heat-pumps and Heat-exchangers Building design for district heating/ CHP MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
410. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures Insulation techniques Heat-pumps and Heat-exchangers Building design for district heating/ CHP MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
411. MATERIALS Biodegradeable materials Recycled materials Materials recycling systems Advanced composites Materials for durability and long-term value STRUCTURES Modular/disassemblable structures Tensile structures Parametric and other super-computed stuff Green skyscrapers Solar orientation design Solar thermal heating Solar lighting techniques Thermal massing Sustainable Ventilation/Air-cooling Building-integrated Photovoltaics Design for modular/multi-use Grey-water systems Sustainable fixtures Insulation techniques Heat-pumps and Heat-exchangers Building design for district heating/ CHP MAJOR TECHNIQUES - MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
412. MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
413. MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
414. SYSTEMS MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
415. SYSTEMS MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
416. SYSTEMS Wind energy MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
417. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
418. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
419. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
420. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
421. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
422. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
423. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
424. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
425. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
426. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
427. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
428. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
429. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
430. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
431. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
432. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
433. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
434. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
435. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY Functional landscaping: Wind, Sound, Pollution, Climate, Food, Fibre, Other MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
436. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY Functional landscaping: Wind, Sound, Pollution, Climate, Food, Fibre, Other Green roofs/facades MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
437. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY Functional landscaping: Wind, Sound, Pollution, Climate, Food, Fibre, Other Green roofs/facades Nature for recreation MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
438. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY Functional landscaping: Wind, Sound, Pollution, Climate, Food, Fibre, Other Green roofs/facades Nature for recreation Advanced nature conservation MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
439. SYSTEMS Wind energy District heating/CHP Water harvesting/waste water treatment Waste management Food production and waste management Transport BEHAVIOUR Work/Leisure/Consumption Mobility Human-relations/Community Health/Mental-health/Soft-focus stuff Nature-Human interaction BIOLOGY Functional landscaping: Wind, Sound, Pollution, Climate, Food, Fibre, Other Green roofs/facades Nature for recreation Advanced nature conservation MAJOR TECHNIQUES - SYSTEMS, BEHAVIOUR, BIO
441. TECHNIQUES
442. TECHNIQUES SOLAR
443. TECHNIQUES SOLAR Heat-Pumps
444. TECHNIQUES SOLAR Heat-Pumps Thermal Mass
445. TECHNIQUES SOLAR Heat-Pumps Thermal Mass Insulation