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A New Concept of Consistency in Distributed Dat...
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UENISHI Kota
November 28, 2013
Technology
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A New Concept of Consistency in Distributed Database and Implementation in Riak
Web+DB forum 技術報告 by Basho
UENISHI Kota
November 28, 2013
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Transcript
ࢄσʔλϕʔεʹ͓͚Δ ৽͍͠߹ੑϞσϧͱ Riakʹ͓͚Δ࣮ 2013 / 11 / 28 WebDB Forum
Basho ্߁ଠ
ࢄσʔλϕʔεʹ͓͚Δ ݹͯ͘৽͍͠߹ੑϞσϧͱ Riakʹ͓͚Δ࣮ 2013 / 11 / 28 WebDB Forum
Basho ্߁ଠ
BashoͱRiak •ࢄσʔλϕʔεʁ •RiakΛ͍ͬͯΔʁ •BashoΛ͍ͬͯΔʁ
CAPఆཧͱཧͷDB •ͲΜͳނোʹରͯ͠ (partition tolerance) •σʔλৗʹ߹͓ͯ͠Γ (consistency) •γεςϜ͕ࢭ·Δ͜ͱͳ͍ (availability) ͜ͷ3ͭΛಉ࣌ʹຬͨ͢γεςϜଘࡏ͠ͳ͍
•Մ༻ੑ (Availability) ͕ಛͷσʔλ ϕʔε •ӡ༻͍͢͠ɺେ͖ͳσʔλͰೖΔ •҆ఆੑɺ༧ଌՄೳੑ •ʮσʔλΛઈରʹͳ͘͞ͳ͍ʯ
͜Μͳͱ͜ΖͰ ಈ͍͍ͯ·͢Riak •Rovio (Angry Birds) •Yahoo!JAPAN ͷΫϥυετϨʔδ •NHS (ΠΪϦε ࠃຽอݥαʔϏε)
•Bump (=>Google) •ۜߦɺήʔϜɺখചɺηϯαʔɺetc…
How Riak Works
Consistent Hashing • 160-bit Ωʔۭؒ • ۭؒΛ͢Δ • ύʔςΟγϣϯϊʔ υ͕ݸผཧ
• ϨϓϦΧNݸͷύʔ ςΟγϣϯʹίϐʔ͞ ΕΔ OPEF OPEF OPEF OPEF hash(“meetups/spamham”) N=3
Consistency͍͠ •ߋ৽ΛࢭΊΔʢAvailabilityΛԼ͛Δʣ͔ɺߋ৽ͷ্ॻ͖Λ ڐ͢ʢσʔλΛࣦ͏ʣ͔͔͠બࢶ͕ͳ͍ Server2 Server1 Server3 PUT V=42 PUT V=0
V=?
ConsistencyͷΘΓʹ •ͱΓ͋͑ͣෳͷόʔδϣϯͷڞଘΛڐ͢ •Ͳͷόʔδϣϯ͕ਖ਼͍͔͠ɺ͘͠Ϛʔδ͢Δ͔ΛRead࣌ʹܾఆ Server2 Server1 Server3 PUT V=42 PUT V=0
V=0 or 42 V=0 V=0 or 42 V=42
APΛ࣮ݱ •ωοτϫʔΫஅ͕ى͖͍ͯͯͱΓ͋͑ͣॻ͖ࠐΈΛڐ͢ Server2 Server1 Server3 PUT V=42 PUT V=0 Server4
෮چͨ͠Βॻ͖͢ ྆ํ͓࣋ͬͯ͘
γϣοϐϯάΧʔτͷྫ •UnionΛͱΕΑ͍ Server2 Server1 Server3 PUT cart=[a,b,d] PUT cart=[a,b,c] union([a,b,c],
[a,b,d]) => [a,b,c,d] [a,b,c] [a,b,c] or [a,b,d] [a,b,d]
ෳόʔδϣϯΛ ڐ͢͜ͱͷ •ϓϩάϥϛϯά͕͍͠ʢτϥϯβΫγϣϯૉ Β͍͠ʣ •ݱ࣮ੈքγϣοϐϯάΧʔτͱΧϯλʔ͚ͩ Ͱͳ͍ •҆શͳMerge, update͕Ͱ͖ΔσʔλߏΛຖճ ߟ͑ͳ͚ΕͳΒͳ͍ •͍ͬͯΔ͏ͪʹࣅͨΑ͏ͳϥΠϒϥϦ͕͋ͪ͜
ͪͰग़དྷ্͕Δ
ͳ͍ͥ͠ͷ͔ʁ •σʔλͷWriteͱWrite͕ೖΕସΘΓ͏ ΔʹSerializableͲ͜Ζ͔WriteҰ؏ ͨ͠ঢ়ଶʹͰ͖ͳ͍ Server2 Server1 Server3 w1 w2 w1
w2 w2 (w1 lost)
Logical Monoticity •σʔλʹର͢ΔՄͳૢ࡞ͷΈΛڐ͢ʂ Data = update(w2, update(w1, Data0)) = update(w1,
update(w2, Data0)) Data = merge(update(w2, Data0), Data)
͑: CRDT •ʮෳՄೳͳՄσʔλܕʯ •Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types •Commutative Replicated Data
Types •… •(Going to be included in Riak 2.0) ) CRDTͷ࡞ऀLogical Monotinicy ͱ͍͏ݴ༿͍ͬͯͳ͍
CRDT in Riak 2.0 •KVSͷVʹʮܕʯΛ࣋ͨͤͯɺܕʹΑͬͯ UpdateͱMergeͷϩδοΫΛܾΊΔ •Read࣌ʹMerge͕αʔόʔଆͰࣗಈతʹ࣮ ߦ͞ΕΔ •ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯܕΛࢦఆ͢Δ͚ͩͰΑ͘ɺ ෳόʔδϣϯͷϋϯυϦϯά͕ෆཁʹͳΔ
CRDT example •PN-Counter •Set •OR-sets •LWW-register •Graph…
PN-Counter •σϞ
PN-Counter • merge • {a: {1,-1}, b: {1,0}, c: {2,0}}
• {a: {0,0}, b: {2, 0}, c: {0, -2}} • => {a: {1,-1}, b:{2,0}, c:{2,-2}} => 2 • update • a͕ {increment, 3} Λड͚͚Δͱ • {a: {4,-1}, b: {1,0}, c: {2,0}}
OR-Sets • merge • {a:{“foo”:true}, b:{“bar”:false}} • + {a:{“foo”:true}, b:{“foo”:false,
“bar”:false}} • => {a:{“foo”:true}, b:{“foo”:false, “bar”:true}} • => [“bar”] • update • add: {a:{}} => +”foo” => {a:{“foo”:false}} • remove: {a: {“foo”:false}} => {a: {“foo”:true}}
OR-Sets •σϞ
Ϣʔεέʔε •ΫϦοΫͷΧϯτ (G-counter) • riak-server/types/counters/buckets/likes/datatypes/basho.com -d 1 •γϣοϐϯάΧʔτ (OR-sets) •ϩάΠϯϢʔβʔ
(PN-counter) •͜ΕΒͷΈ߹Θͤ (map & LWW-register, boolean) •{ name : “basho.com”, likes: 20000, users: 3000, links: [ “basho.co.jp”, “basho.co.uk” ], cool: true }
Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ •ʮ0Ҏ্ʯͷPN-counter •ϢχʔΫͳIDൃߦ •ͦͷଞCAS͕ඞཁͳσʔλߏͱૢ࡞
·ͱΊ •RiakՄ༻ੑͷ͋Δࢄσʔλϕʔε •ෳͷόʔδϣϯΛಉ࣌ʹอ࣋͢ΔͷΛ ڐ͢͜ͱͰՄ༻ੑΛ୲อ •ΞϓϦ։ൃͷқ͕՝ •CRDTͱ͍͏ܕͷಋೖʹΑΓ؆୯͔ͭ σʔλͷͳ͘ͳΒͳ͍ΈΛ࡞ͬͨ
Questions? •Riak 2.0 Λָ͠Έʹ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ •Web: http://basho.co.jp •Twitter: @BashoJapan •Me: kota@basho.com
•ML: riak-users-jp@lists.basho.com
Useful links http://hal.upmc.fr/docs/00/55/55/88/PDF/techreport.pdf http://arxiv.org/pdf/1210.3368.pdf https://gist.github.com/russelldb/f92f44bdfb619e089a4d http://gsd.di.uminho.pt/members/cbm/ps/scadt3.pdf http://arxiv.org/abs/1011.5808