Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
The Maths of Microscaling
Search
Liz Rice
November 08, 2016
Technology
2
220
The Maths of Microscaling
Using control theory to scale containers in real time, in response to demand
Liz Rice
November 08, 2016
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Liz Rice
See All by Liz Rice
Unleashing the kernel with eBPF
lizrice
0
210
eBPF's Abilities and Limitations: The Truth
lizrice
0
400
Simplifying multi-cloud and multi-cluster Kubernetes deployments with Cilium
lizrice
0
210
When is a Secure Connection not encrypted? And other stories
lizrice
1
88
Keeping it simple: Cilium Mesh - networking for multi-cloud Kubernetes and beyond
lizrice
1
660
How Many Proxies Do You Need
lizrice
1
150
eBPF for Security Observability
lizrice
0
1.4k
Beginner's Guide to eBPF Programming for Networking
lizrice
1
2.5k
Contributing to Open Source - what's in it for my business?
lizrice
0
65
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
mrubyと micro-ROSが繋ぐロボットの世界
kishima
2
380
KubeCon + CloudNativeCon Japan 2025 に行ってきた! & containerd の新機能紹介
honahuku
0
120
5min GuardDuty Extended Threat Detection EKS
takakuni
0
180
使いたいMCPサーバーはWeb APIをラップして自分で作る #QiitaBash
bengo4com
0
1.2k
Tokyo_reInforce_2025_recap_iam_access_analyzer
hiashisan
0
140
AI導入の理想と現実~コストと浸透〜
oprstchn
0
150
asken AI勉強会(Android)
tadashi_sato
0
140
LangChain Interrupt & LangChain Ambassadors meetingレポート
os1ma
2
220
変化する開発、進化する体系時代に適応するソフトウェアエンジニアの知識と考え方(JaSST'25 Kansai)
mizunori
1
260
KubeCon + CloudNativeCon Japan 2025 Recap by CA
ponkio_o
PRO
0
250
生まれ変わった AWS Security Hub (Preview) を紹介 #reInforce_osaka / reInforce New Security Hub
masahirokawahara
0
360
ネットワーク保護はどう変わるのか?re:Inforce 2025最新アップデート解説
tokushun
0
150
Featured
See All Featured
Performance Is Good for Brains [We Love Speed 2024]
tammyeverts
10
940
個人開発の失敗を避けるイケてる考え方 / tips for indie hackers
panda_program
107
19k
Embracing the Ebb and Flow
colly
86
4.7k
RailsConf & Balkan Ruby 2019: The Past, Present, and Future of Rails at GitHub
eileencodes
138
34k
I Don’t Have Time: Getting Over the Fear to Launch Your Podcast
jcasabona
32
2.4k
Six Lessons from altMBA
skipperchong
28
3.9k
Making Projects Easy
brettharned
116
6.3k
Large-scale JavaScript Application Architecture
addyosmani
512
110k
Optimizing for Happiness
mojombo
379
70k
Reflections from 52 weeks, 52 projects
jeffersonlam
351
20k
Building Better People: How to give real-time feedback that sticks.
wjessup
367
19k
Building a Scalable Design System with Sketch
lauravandoore
462
33k
Transcript
The Maths of Microscaling Liz Rice @lizrice | @microscaling
What is Microscaling? Assumptions Some theory Some experiments
What is Microscaling?
Traffic spike
Too much work Spare capacity
container scaling work performance metrics
work performance metrics container scaling VM autoscaling
True for regular autoscaling too VMs take much longer to
scale
Orchestration Heterogenous services Cattle not pets
Performance targets
How many containers? Request processing time Rate of requests known?
predictable?
performance target actual performance error time t
performance target p time t actual performance x e(t) =
x(t) - p(t) e(t) → 0 error e
x(t) is proportional to n(t) n(t) = k x(t) error
e time t number of containers n
x(t) is proportional to n(t) nope! error e time t
number of containers n d(t) is proportional to e(t) d
Time delays It’s a dynamical system
Woah, the future! error e time t d(t) is proportional
to e(t + T) T d
None
Control theory!
PID controller
error e time t Proportional term d(t) = Kp e(t)
The further we are below target the more containers we need
error e time t Derivative term The faster we approach
target the fewer containers we need d(t) = Kp e(t) + Kd ė(t)
error e time t Integral term d(t) = Kp e(t)
+ Kd ė(t) + Ki e(t) Offset errors accumulated over time ∫
Which values for K? Discrete containers?
Simulator goo.gl/KAqT5y
It works! But it’s non-trivial to tune
Known behaviours Machine learning
Container parameters = metadata microbadger.com
github.com/microscaling @lizrice | @microscaling app.microscaling.com microbadger.com