Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
eBPF for Security Observability
Search
Liz Rice
June 24, 2022
Technology
0
1.3k
eBPF for Security Observability
As seen at DevOpsDays Amsterdam and KCD Berlin
Liz Rice
June 24, 2022
Tweet
Share
More Decks by Liz Rice
See All by Liz Rice
Unleashing the kernel with eBPF
lizrice
0
170
eBPF's Abilities and Limitations: The Truth
lizrice
0
300
Simplifying multi-cloud and multi-cluster Kubernetes deployments with Cilium
lizrice
0
180
When is a Secure Connection not encrypted? And other stories
lizrice
1
78
Keeping it simple: Cilium Mesh - networking for multi-cloud Kubernetes and beyond
lizrice
1
610
How Many Proxies Do You Need
lizrice
1
140
Beginner's Guide to eBPF Programming for Networking
lizrice
1
2.3k
Contributing to Open Source - what's in it for my business?
lizrice
0
51
Cloud Native eBPF Superpowers
lizrice
0
250
Other Decks in Technology
See All in Technology
(機械学習システムでも) SLO から始める信頼性構築 - ゆる SRE#9 2025/02/21
daigo0927
0
270
実は強い 非ViTな画像認識モデル
tattaka
3
1.3k
いまからでも遅くない!コンテナでWebアプリを動かしてみよう!コンテナハンズオン編
nomu
0
150
MIMEと文字コードの闇
hirachan
2
1.4k
スキルだけでは満たせない、 “組織全体に”なじむオンボーディング/Onboarding that fits “throughout the organization” and cannot be satisfied by skills alone
bitkey
0
180
JavaにおけるNull非許容性
skrb
2
2.6k
Fraxinus00tw assembly manual
fukumay
0
110
Change Managerを活用して本番環境へのセキュアなGUIアクセスを統制する / Control Secure GUI Access to the Production Environment with Change Manager
yuj1osm
0
100
【5分でわかる】セーフィー エンジニア向け会社紹介
safie_recruit
0
19k
OCI Success Journey OCIの何が評価されてる?疑問に答える事例セミナー(2025年2月実施)
oracle4engineer
PRO
2
150
ウォンテッドリーのデータパイプラインを支える ETL のための analytics, rds-exporter / analytics, rds-exporter for ETL to support Wantedly's data pipeline
unblee
0
130
AWSを活用したIoTにおけるセキュリティ対策のご紹介
kwskyk
0
350
Featured
See All Featured
Large-scale JavaScript Application Architecture
addyosmani
511
110k
Java REST API Framework Comparison - PWX 2021
mraible
29
8.4k
Docker and Python
trallard
44
3.3k
Being A Developer After 40
akosma
89
590k
Learning to Love Humans: Emotional Interface Design
aarron
273
40k
How to Ace a Technical Interview
jacobian
276
23k
Building Your Own Lightsaber
phodgson
104
6.2k
A Tale of Four Properties
chriscoyier
158
23k
Navigating Team Friction
lara
183
15k
Adopting Sorbet at Scale
ufuk
74
9.2k
Typedesign – Prime Four
hannesfritz
40
2.5k
Design and Strategy: How to Deal with People Who Don’t "Get" Design
morganepeng
129
19k
Transcript
eBPF for Security Observability Liz Rice | @lizrice Chief Open
Source Officer, Isovalent
@lizrice
@lizrice What is ? extended Berkeley Packet Filter
@lizrice What is ? Makes the kernel programmable
@lizrice userspace kernel app event system calls eBPF program Run
custom code in the kernel
@lizrice SEC("kprobe/sys_execve") int hello(void *ctx) { bpf_trace_printk("Hello World!"); return 0;
} $ sudo ./hello bash-20241 [004] d... 84210.752785: 0: Hello World! bash-20242 [004] d... 84216.321993: 0: Hello World! bash-20243 [004] d... 84225.858880: 0: Hello World! Info about process that called execve syscall + userspace code to load eBPF program eBPF Hello World
Dynamic changes to kernel behaviour
Dynamic tracing tools
@lizrice userspace kernel Tracing tool event eBPF program Use eBPF
to collect event metrics eBPF Map metrics load Gather & show metrics
@lizrice eBPF tracing tools from iovisor/bcc
@lizrice eBPF tracing - opensnoop ~/bcc/libbpf-tools$ sudo ./opensnoop PID COMM
FD ERR PATH 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 6461 opensnoop 18 0 /etc/localtime 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 5060 node 23 0 /home/liz/.vscode-server/data/User/workspaceStorage/48b53 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/5132/cmdline 5040 node 21 0 /proc/6460/cmdline …
eBPF and Kubernetes
@lizrice userspace kernel pod container pod container container One kernel
per host
@lizrice userspace kernel networking access files create containers One kernel
per host pod container pod container container
@lizrice userspace kernel app app pods networking access files create
containers Kernel aware of everything on the host
@lizrice userspace app kernel app pods networking access files create
containers eBPF programs can be aware of everything
@lizrice $ kubectl gadget trace open NODE NAMESPACE POD CONTAINER
PID COMM FD ERR PATH kind-2-control-plane default xwing spaceship 361876 vi 3 0 /etc/passwd eBPF tracing on Kubernetes - Inspektor Gadget Kubernetes info
@lizrice eBPF observability tools -
@lizrice eBPF observability tools - Cilium Hubble
eBPF observability
eBPF security observability
@lizrice Security observability
@lizrice Security observability
@lizrice What activity do we care about for security? eBPF
programs
@lizrice Syscall checks within the kernel
@lizrice TOCTTOU vulnerabilities with syscalls For more details • Leo
Di Donato & KP Singh at CN eBPF Day 2021 • Rex Guo & Junyuan Zeng at DEFCON 29 on Phantom attacks Attacker changes params after inspection
@lizrice Need to make the check at the right place
@lizrice Linux Security Modules • Stable interface • Safe places
to make checks
@lizrice BPF LSM • Stable interface • Safe places to
make checks + eBPF benefits • Dynamic • Protect pre-existing processes
@lizrice $ sudo ./chmoddemo & [1] 7631 $ sudo cat
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe chmod-7776 [001] d... 38197.342160: bpf_trace_printk: lsm path_chmod liz BPF LSM hook has kernel info populated SEC("lsm/path_chmod") int BPF_PROG(path_chmod, const struct path *path, umode_t mode) { bpf_printk("lsm path_chmod %s\n", path->dentry->d_iname); return 0; } Filename known to kernel
@lizrice BPF LSM • Stable interface • Safe places to
make checks + eBPF benefits • Dynamic • Protect pre-existing processes But needs kernel 5.7+ & Kubernetes context?
How stable is the Linux kernel?
@lizrice Cilium Tetragon • Safe places to make checks +
eBPF benefits • Dynamic • Protect pre-existing processes Uses kernel knowledge to hook into sufficiently stable functions Adds Kubernetes context
@lizrice Photo credit: Bibafu A Tetragonisca angustula bee guarding the
nest-entrance
@lizrice apiVersion: cilium.io/v1alpha1 kind: TracingPolicy metadata: name: "etc-files" spec: kprobes:
- call: "fd_install" … matchArgs: - index: 1 operator: "Prefix" values: - "/etc/" … Cilium Tetragon tracing policy + Policy “follows” file descriptor through read, write & close events
@lizrice $ kubectl logs ds/tetragon -c export-stdout -f | tetragon
observe 🚀 process default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📪 close default/xwing /usr/bin/vi 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📝 write default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 1275 bytes 📪 close default/xwing /usr/bin/vi 💥 exit default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 0 Cilium Tetragon observe Policy events Kubernetes info
@lizrice Combined network and runtime visibility
eBPF preventative runtime security
@lizrice Network policy → eBPF programs drop packets
@lizrice Preventative actions from user space
@lizrice Preventative actions from kernel
@lizrice $ kubectl logs ds/tetragon -c export-stdout -f | tetragon
observe 🚀 process default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📪 close default/xwing /usr/bin/vi 📬 open default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 📝 write default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd 1269 bytes 💥 exit default/xwing /usr/bin/vi /etc/passwd SIGKILL Cilium Tetragon observe Killed before write
eBPF security observability • Dynamic instrumentation - zero app modifications
• Contextual information, Kubernetes identity-aware • Option for runtime enforcement from the kernel
Thank you! cilium/tetragon @ciliumproject cilium.io | ebpf.io @lizrice