Node.js: scalability tips - CityJS 2020

You finally built that amazing start-up idea you had in mind for years and you did it using Node.js! That's Great! You just launched it on Hacker News and you are very happy and proud... but now more and more people are using it and you start to have a nasty fear that Node.js won't scale because you now... it's single-threaded! Is your project doomed now? Do you have to invest your time on rewriting it in something like C++ or maybe Rust or even Go? You'd rather invest your time on adding valuable features for your users rather than learning a new language and rewriting everything from scratch, but what if nothing works anymore? And... by the way, what the heck "single-threaded" really means?! Fear no more, dear fellow developer! In this talk, we will discuss the architecture of Node.js going through its strengths and its weaknesses. We will then talk about scalability and I will share some valuable tips and tricks to make your Node.js app scale! Spoiler alert: you probably won't need Go or Rust :)

Transcript

1. Node.js Scalability Tips Luciano Mammino ( ) @loige loige.link/node-scale-city 2020-09-15 1
2. Hello, I am Luciano! Principal Software Engineer at FabFitFun Blog: Twitter: GitHub: loige.co @loige @lmammino nodejsdp.link/buy 2
3. Hello, I am Luciano! Principal Software Engineer at FabFitFun Blog: Twitter: GitHub: loige.co @loige @lmammino nodejsdp.link/buy CITYJS SPECIAL DISCOUNT: 20% OFF on Amazon.com - www.amazon.com/gp/mpc/A2L4T1QGT3DXYX 2
4. @loige Get the slides! loige.link/node-scale-city 3
5. Node.js + Scalability? @loige 4
6. @loige 5
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16. "Scalability is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of work by adding resources to the system" — Wikipedia @loige 8
17. "A service is said to be scalable if when we increase the resources in a system, it results in increased performance in a manner proportional to resources added" — Werner Vogels @loige 9
18. Tip 1. Establish a baseline @loige 10
19. /?data=hello%20cityjs https://repl.it/@lmammino/QRGen @loige 11
20. const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') createServer(function handler (req, res) { const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) }) .listen(8080) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 @loige 12
21. const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') createServer(function handler (req, res) { const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) }) .listen(8080) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') 1 2 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 @loige 12
22. const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') createServer(function handler (req, res) { const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) }) .listen(8080) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') 1 2 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 createServer(function handler (req, res) { }) .listen(8080) const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 14 15 @loige 12
23. const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') createServer(function handler (req, res) { const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) }) .listen(8080) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') 1 2 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 createServer(function handler (req, res) { }) .listen(8080) const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 14 15 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 6 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 @loige 12
24. const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') createServer(function handler (req, res) { const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) }) .listen(8080) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') 1 2 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 createServer(function handler (req, res) { }) .listen(8080) const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 14 15 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 6 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 8 9 10 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 @loige 12
25. const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') createServer(function handler (req, res) { const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) }) .listen(8080) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') 1 2 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 createServer(function handler (req, res) { }) .listen(8080) const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 14 15 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 6 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 8 9 10 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 12 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 @loige 12
26. const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') createServer(function handler (req, res) { const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) }) .listen(8080) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') 1 2 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 createServer(function handler (req, res) { }) .listen(8080) const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 14 15 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 6 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 8 9 10 11 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) 12 QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) const { createServer } = require('http') 1 const { URL } = require('url') 2 const QRCode = require('qrcode') 3 4 createServer(function handler (req, res) { 5 const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') 6 const data = url.searchParams.get('data') 7 if (!data) { 8 res.writeHead(400) // bad request 9 return res.end() 10 } 11 12 13 }) 14 .listen(8080) 15 const { createServer } = require('http') const { URL } = require('url') const QRCode = require('qrcode') createServer(function handler (req, res) { const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost:8080') const data = url.searchParams.get('data') if (!data) { res.writeHead(400) // bad request return res.end() } res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'image/png' }) QRCode.toFileStream(res, data, { width: 300 }) }) .listen(8080) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 @loige 12
27. autocannon -c 200 --on-port / -- node server.js wrk node server.js& wrk -t8 -c200 -d10s http://localhost:8080/ @loige 13
28. autocannon -c 200 --on-port /?data=hello%20cityjs -- node server.js Running 10s test @ http://localhost:8080/?data=hello%20cityjs 200 connections ┌─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────────┬─────────┬────────────┐ │ Stat │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ 99% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Max │ ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────────┼─────────┼────────────┤ │ Latency │ 1899 ms │ 1951 ms │ 2053 ms │ 2054 ms │ 1964.92 ms │ 99.9 ms │ 3364.03 ms │ └─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────────┴─────────┴────────────┘ ┌───────────┬─────┬──────┬─────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬─────────┐ │ Stat │ 1% │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Min │ ├───────────┼─────┼──────┼─────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼─────────┤ │ Req/Sec │ 0 │ 0 │ 30 │ 199 │ 99.5 │ 94.27 │ 30 │ ├───────────┼─────┼──────┼─────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼─────────┤ │ Bytes/Sec │ 0 B │ 0 B │ 50.7 kB │ 336 kB │ 168 kB │ 159 kB │ 50.7 kB │ └───────────┴─────┴──────┴─────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴─────────┘ Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second. 995 requests in 10.08s, 1.68 MB read @loige 14
29. autocannon -c 200 --on-port /?data=hello%20cityjs -- node server.js Running 10s test @ http://localhost:8080/?data=hello%20cityjs 200 connections ┌─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────────┬─────────┬────────────┐ │ Stat │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ 99% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Max │ ├─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────────┼─────────┼────────────┤ │ Latency │ 1899 ms │ 1951 ms │ 2053 ms │ 2054 ms │ 1964.92 ms │ 99.9 ms │ 3364.03 ms │ └─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────────┴─────────┴────────────┘ ┌───────────┬─────┬──────┬─────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬─────────┐ │ Stat │ 1% │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Min │ ├───────────┼─────┼──────┼─────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼─────────┤ │ Req/Sec │ 0 │ 0 │ 30 │ 199 │ 99.5 │ 94.27 │ 30 │ ├───────────┼─────┼──────┼─────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼─────────┤ │ Bytes/Sec │ 0 B │ 0 B │ 50.7 kB │ 336 kB │ 168 kB │ 159 kB │ 50.7 kB │ └───────────┴─────┴──────┴─────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴─────────┘ Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second. 995 requests in 10.08s, 1.68 MB read @loige 14
30. ⛅ Tip 1-bis Also, find out your ceiling @loige 15
31. const { createServer } = require('http') createServer((req, res) => { if (req.method === 'GET' && req.url === '/') { res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' }) res.end('Hello World\n') } else { res.statusCode = 404 res.end() } }) .listen(8080) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 @loige 16
32. const { createServer } = require('http') createServer((req, res) => { if (req.method === 'GET' && req.url === '/') { res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' }) res.end('Hello World\n') } else { res.statusCode = 404 res.end() } }) .listen(8080) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' }) res.end('Hello World\n') const { createServer } = require('http') 1 2 createServer((req, res) => { 3 if (req.method === 'GET' && req.url === '/') { 4 5 6 } else { 7 res.statusCode = 404 8 res.end() 9 } 10 }) 11 .listen(8080) 12 @loige 16
33. autocannon -c 200 --on-port / -- node server.js Running 10s test @ http://localhost:8080/ 200 connections ┌─────────┬──────┬──────┬───────┬───────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────┐ │ Stat │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ 99% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Max │ ├─────────┼──────┼──────┼───────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┤ │ Latency │ 3 ms │ 5 ms │ 11 ms │ 14 ms │ 5.51 ms │ 2.71 ms │ 80.63 ms │ └─────────┴──────┴──────┴───────┴───────┴─────────┴─────────┴──────────┘ ┌───────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐ │ Stat │ 1% │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Min │ ├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ │ Req/Sec │ 21087 │ 21087 │ 34623 │ 35487 │ 33258.4 │ 4107.01 │ 21077 │ ├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ │ Bytes/Sec │ 3.29 MB │ 3.29 MB │ 5.4 MB │ 5.54 MB │ 5.19 MB │ 641 kB │ 3.29 MB │ └───────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘ Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second. 333k requests in 10.1s, 51.9 MB read @loige 17
34. autocannon -c 200 --on-port / -- node server.js Running 10s test @ http://localhost:8080/ 200 connections ┌─────────┬──────┬──────┬───────┬───────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────┐ │ Stat │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ 99% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Max │ ├─────────┼──────┼──────┼───────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┤ │ Latency │ 3 ms │ 5 ms │ 11 ms │ 14 ms │ 5.51 ms │ 2.71 ms │ 80.63 ms │ └─────────┴──────┴──────┴───────┴───────┴─────────┴─────────┴──────────┘ ┌───────────┬─────────┬─────────┬────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┬─────────┐ │ Stat │ 1% │ 2.5% │ 50% │ 97.5% │ Avg │ Stdev │ Min │ ├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ │ Req/Sec │ 21087 │ 21087 │ 34623 │ 35487 │ 33258.4 │ 4107.01 │ 21077 │ ├───────────┼─────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┼─────────┤ │ Bytes/Sec │ 3.29 MB │ 3.29 MB │ 5.4 MB │ 5.54 MB │ 5.19 MB │ 641 kB │ 3.29 MB │ └───────────┴─────────┴─────────┴────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘ Req/Bytes counts sampled once per second. 333k requests in 10.1s, 51.9 MB read @loige 17
35. Tip 2. Find your bottleneck @loige 18
36. Clinic.js clinicjs.org @loige 19
37. clinic doctor --autocannon [ -c 200 '/?data=hello%20cityjs' ] -- node server.js @loige 20
38. clinic flame --autocannon [ -c 200 '/?data=hello%20cityjs' ] -- node server.js @loige 21
39. clinic bubble --autocannon [ -c 200 '/?data=hello%20cityjs' ] -- node server.js @loige 22
40. Tip 3. Understand your goals @loige 23
41. What do we optimize for? Throughput? Memory? Latency? @loige 24
42. Tip 4. Always "observe" @loige 25
43. I mean, in production! Logs - Metrics - Traces @loige 26
44. Tip 5. Scale your architecture @loige 27
45. Performance != Scalability @loige 28
46. How can we scale a system by adding resources? @loige 29
47. The " " Scale Cube x-axis cloning z-axis partitioning y-axis functional decomposition @loige 30
48. The " " Scale Cube x-axis cloning z-axis partitioning y-axis functional decomposition @loige 30
49. Cloning Reverse proxy 31 Inside the same server Load Balancer Using multiple server @loige
50. The module cluster Master process Worker process Worker process Worker process 32 @loige
51. The module cluster Master process Worker process Worker process Worker process 32 @loige
52. The module cluster Master process Worker process Worker process Worker process 32 @loige
53. The module cluster Master process Worker process Worker process Worker process 32 @loige
54. The module cluster Master process Worker process Worker process Worker process 32 @loige
55. The module cluster Master process Worker process Worker process Worker process 32 @loige
56. The module cluster Master process Worker process Worker process Worker process 32 @loige
57. const cluster = require('cluster') const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length if (cluster.isMaster) { // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } } else { // Worker code require('./server.js') } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 @loige 33
58. const cluster = require('cluster') const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length if (cluster.isMaster) { // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } } else { // Worker code require('./server.js') } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3-4x req/sec (8 core) @loige 33
59. const cluster = require('cluster') const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length if (cluster.isMaster) { // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } } else { // Worker code require('./server.js') } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 3-4x req/sec (8 core) @loige 33
60. const cluster = require('cluster') const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length if (cluster.isMaster) { // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } } else { // Worker code require('./server.js') } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length const cluster = require('cluster') 1 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 3-4x req/sec (8 core) @loige 33
61. const cluster = require('cluster') const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length if (cluster.isMaster) { // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } } else { // Worker code require('./server.js') } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length const cluster = require('cluster') 1 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 if (cluster.isMaster) { } else { } const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 12 3-4x req/sec (8 core) @loige 33
62. const cluster = require('cluster') const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length if (cluster.isMaster) { // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } } else { // Worker code require('./server.js') } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length const cluster = require('cluster') 1 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 if (cluster.isMaster) { } else { } const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 12 // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 5 6 7 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 3-4x req/sec (8 core) @loige 33
63. const cluster = require('cluster') const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length if (cluster.isMaster) { // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } } else { // Worker code require('./server.js') } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length const cluster = require('cluster') 1 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 if (cluster.isMaster) { } else { } const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 12 // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 5 6 7 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 // Worker code require('./server.js') const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 10 11 } 12 3-4x req/sec (8 core) @loige 33
64. const cluster = require('cluster') const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length if (cluster.isMaster) { // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } } else { // Worker code require('./server.js') } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length const cluster = require('cluster') 1 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 if (cluster.isMaster) { } else { } const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 12 // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 5 6 7 8 } else { 9 // Worker code 10 require('./server.js') 11 } 12 // Worker code require('./server.js') const cluster = require('cluster') 1 const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length 2 3 if (cluster.isMaster) { 4 // Fork workers 5 for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { 6 cluster.fork() 7 } 8 } else { 9 10 11 } 12 const cluster = require('cluster') const numCPUs = require('os').cpus().length if (cluster.isMaster) { // Fork workers for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { cluster.fork() } } else { // Worker code require('./server.js') } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3-4x req/sec (8 core) @loige 33
65. You could also use Check out ! Worker Threads piscina @loige 34
66. Cloning is the easiest strategy to scale a service... ... as long as your application is "Stateless" @loige 35
67. API Gateway Functional decomposition a.k.a. "Micro-services" 36 /products /cart cart DB products DB @loige
68. API Gateway Functional decomposition a.k.a. "Micro-services" 37 /products /cart Functional decomposition can also be combined with cloning! cart DB products DB @loige
69. Node.js is great for microservices @loige 38
70. Microservices can also help with scaling the organisation! @loige 39
71. Microservices add complexity Observability Deployments Versioning Integration @loige 40
72. Partitioning Service and Data Partitioning along Customer Boundaries Shard partitioning /products/[A-L]/ /products/[M-Z]/ DB 2 41 DB 1 @loige
73. Partitioning is generally used to scale databases and SaaS software geographically @loige 42
74. Summary @loige 43
75. Summary Establish a baseline @loige 43
76. Summary Establish a baseline Find your bottleneck @loige 43
77. Summary Establish a baseline Find your bottleneck Understand your goals @loige 43
78. Summary Establish a baseline Find your bottleneck Understand your goals Always "observe" @loige 43
79. Summary Establish a baseline Find your bottleneck Understand your goals Always "observe" Scale your architecture (cloning, decomposition & partitioning) @loige 43
80. Thank you! Special thanks to , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Icons and SVGs by @StefanoAbalsamo @matteocollina @dagonzago @NullishCoalesce @DublinSvelte @KViglucci @gjohnson391 @lucamaraschi @laurekamalandua @giltayar @mrm8488 @adrirai @harafise @EugeneWare @Jauny @tlivings @michaelcfine @leojino @shahidontech @Lordoomer @zsadigov @dottorblaster freepik.com loige.link/node-scale-city @loige 44