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Natural Language Processing Expert Briefing @ PyData Global 2022

Natural Language Processing Expert Briefing @ PyData Global 2022

Slides for the presentation at the Expert Briefings @ PyData Global 2022

Speaker: Marco Bonzanini
https://www.twitter.com/marcobonzanini
https://marcobonzanini.com/

Marco Bonzanini

November 24, 2022
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Transcript

  1. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com Agenda for Today •

    Quick overview on NLP and current trends • Round table discussion • Your challenges? • Your success stories? 2
  2. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com Nice to meet you

    • Consulting, training and coaching 
 on Python + Data Science • Chair @ PyData London 3
  3. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com Language is Challenging •

    Language is evolving • Language is ambiguous 
 
 7
  4. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com Language is Challenging •

    Language is evolving • Language is ambiguous • (Understanding) Language requires context 8
  5. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com We need annotated data

    • Variability: domains and languages 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 10
  6. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com We need annotated data

    • Variability: domains and languages • Available data: sparse+biased? 
 
 
 
 
 11
  7. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com We need annotated data

    • Variability: domains and languages • Available data: sparse+biased? • Annotated data is the bottleneck 
 
 
 12
  8. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com We need annotated data

    • Variability: domains and languages • Available data: sparse+biased? • Annotated data is the bottleneck • Vincent Warmerdam on Tools to Improve Training Data: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRQJDLyc1uM 13
  9. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com 17 Evolution of Models

    Bag-of-words Word Embeddings 
 (circa 2013) “Traditional” 
 ML models
  10. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com 18 Evolution of Models

    Bag-of-words Word Embeddings 
 (circa 2013) “Traditional” 
 ML models RNN/LSTM (circa 2015)
  11. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com 19 Evolution of Models

    Bag-of-words Word Embeddings 
 (circa 2013) “Traditional” 
 ML models RNN/LSTM (circa 2015) Transformers (circa 2017)
  12. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com Transformers 22 Attention is

    all you need (Vaswani et al., 2017) 
 57K citations in November 2022
  13. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com Transformers • Parallelisation →

    training on bigger dataset • Fine-tuning on speci fi c task 23
  14. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com • BERT (2018): 345M

    parameters • GPT-2 (2019): 1.5B parameters • GPT-3 (2020): 175B parameters • Galactica (2022): 120B parameters 25 Bigger and Bigger Models
  15. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com Big Hype, Yet… 28

    Bolukbasi et al., 2016 NIPS • King - man + woman = Queen • Doctor - man + woman = Nurse? 
 
 • Word embeddings are not “neutral” 
 Bias in the data
  16. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com Big Hype, Yet… 29

    https://twitter.com/Michael_J_Black/status/1593133722316189696
  17. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com Big Hype, Yet… 30

    https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/11/amazon-alexa-is-a-colossal-failure-on-pace-to-lose-10-billion-this-year/
  18. © Bonzanini Consulting Ltd — BonzaniniConsulting.com Discussion 34 • “Let’s

    just use Deep Learning (TM)” • What if we don’t have millions of $$$? • Data annotation / quality: 
 still the main issue? • Your Success Stories? • Your Horror Stories?