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Why light is more important for ultradwarf than for bent: what greenkeepers need to know

Micah Woods
October 13, 2015

Why light is more important for ultradwarf than for bent: what greenkeepers need to know

This presentation was delivered on October 21 at the Japan Turf Show in Tokyo. It explains the units of measurement for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), then looks at data from 2014 and 2015 at Tokyo, and at Watkinsville, Georgia. The quantity of PAR is discussed in relation to how much the grass can use, and how much is actually present.

Micah Woods

October 13, 2015
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  1. Why light is more important for ultradwarf than for bent:

    what greenkeepers need to know Micah Woods Chief Scientist Asian Turfgrass Center www.asianturfgrass.com 21 October 2015
  2. PAR, PPFD, and DLI What do these mean? ▶ PAR

    is photsynthetically active radiation. It is the light with wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm. ▶ PAR is measured instantaneously as a flux of photons within those wavelengths on a surface of 1 m2. ▶ Instantaneous PAR is the photosynthetic photon flux density, (PPFD). In full sun at midday in summer, the PPFD will be about 2,000 micromoles of photons per square meter per second. ▶ Adding together all the PAR from each second of the day gives the daily light integral, DLI. For ultradwarf bermudagrass, the maximum possible DLI is best. For minimum acceptable quality, the DLI should be at least 30 moles per square meter per day.
  3. A sunny day, July 14 2015 0 500 1000 1500

    2000 Jul 14 00:00 Jul 14 06:00 Jul 14 12:00 Jul 14 18:00 Jul 15 00:00 Average PPFD by hour, µmol m-2 s-1
  4. A cloudy day, July 1 2015 0 500 1000 1500

    2000 Jul 01 00:00 Jul 01 06:00 Jul 01 12:00 Jul 01 18:00 Jul 02 00:00 Average PPFD by hour, µmol m-2 s-1
  5. 2015-07-01 2015-07-02 2015-07-03 2015-07-04 2015-07-05 2015-07-06 2015-07-07 2015-07-08 2015-07-09 2015-07-10

    2015-07-11 2015-07-12 2015-07-13 2015-07-14 2015-07-15 2015-07-16 2015-07-17 2015-07-18 2015-07-19 2015-07-20 2015-07-21 2015-07-22 2015-07-23 2015-07-24 2015-07-25 2015-07-26 2015-07-27 2015-07-28 2015-07-29 2015-07-30 2015-07-31 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 0 5 10 15 20 Average PPFD by hour, µmol m-2 s-1
  6. Monday, October 19 2015 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Oct

    19 00:00 Oct 19 06:00 Oct 19 12:00 Oct 19 18:00 Oct 20 00:00 Average PPFD by hour, µmol m-2 s-1
  7. Tuesday, October 20 2015 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Oct

    20 00:00 Oct 20 06:00 Oct 20 12:00 Oct 20 18:00 Oct 21 00:00 Average PPFD by hour, µmol m-2 s-1
  8. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan 2014 Apr

    2014 Jul 2014 Oct 2014 Jan 2015 Daily light integral (DLI), mol m-2 d-1 Tokyo: maximum possible (light blue)
  9. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan 2014 Apr

    2014 Jul 2014 Oct 2014 Jan 2015 Daily light integral (DLI), mol m-2 d-1 Tokyo 2014: maximum possible (light blue) and actual (blue)
  10. light blue: maximum possible green: maximum with light saturation at

    1000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan 2014 Apr 2014 Jul 2014 Oct 2014 Jan 2015 Daily light integral (DLI), mol m-2 d-1 Tokyo 2014
  11. light blue: maximum possible green: maximum with light saturation at

    1000 light green: actual with light saturation at 1000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan 2014 Apr 2014 Jul 2014 Oct 2014 Jan 2015 Daily light integral (DLI), mol m-2 d-1 Tokyo 2014
  12. light blue: maximum possible green: maximum with light saturation at

    1000 light green: actual with light saturation at 1000 blue: actual with no light saturation 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan 2014 Apr 2014 Jul 2014 Oct 2014 Jan 2015 Daily light integral (DLI), mol m-2 d-1 Tokyo 2014
  13. light blue: maximum possible green: maximum with light saturation at

    1000 light green: actual with light saturation at 1000 blue: actual with no light saturation 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan 2015 Apr 2015 Jul 2015 Oct 2015 Jan 2016 Daily light integral (DLI), mol m-2 d-1 Tokyo 2015
  14. 25 30 35 40 45 50 -120 -100 -80 Longitude

    Latitude Atlanta, GA Augusta, GA Watkinsville, GA
  15. 0 10 20 30 Jan 2014 Apr 2014 Jul 2014

    Oct 2014 Jan 2015 Mean daily temperature, ℃ 2014, Watkinsville (green) and Tokyo (blue)
  16. 0 10 20 30 Jan 2015 Apr 2015 Jul 2015

    Oct 2015 Jan 2016 Mean daily temperature, ℃ 2015, Watkinsville (green) and Tokyo (blue)
  17. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan 2014 Apr

    2014 Jul 2014 Oct 2014 Jan 2015 Daily light integral (DLI), mol m-2 d-1 Watkinsville 2014: max possible (light blue), actual (green)
  18. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan 2014 Apr

    2014 Jul 2014 Oct 2014 Jan 2015 Daily light integral (DLI), mol m-2 d-1 Watkinsville 2014: max possible (light blue), actual (green), Tokyo actual (blue)
  19. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan 2015 Apr

    2015 Jul 2015 Oct 2015 Jan 2016 Daily light integral (DLI), mol m-2 d-1 Watkinsville 2015: max possible (light blue), actual (green)
  20. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Jan 2015 Apr

    2015 Jul 2015 Oct 2015 Jan 2016 Daily light integral (DLI), mol m-2 d-1 Watkinsville 2015: max possible (light blue), actual (green), Tokyo actual (blue)
  21. 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Jan 2014 Apr 2014 Jul

    2014 Oct 2014 Jan 2015 Fraction of possible DLI Tokyo 2014
  22. 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Jan 2014 Apr 2014 Jul

    2014 Oct 2014 Jan 2015 Fraction of possible DLI 2014, Watkinsville (green)
  23. 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Jan 2014 Apr 2014 Jul

    2014 Oct 2014 Jan 2015 Fraction of possible DLI 2014, Watkinsville (green) and Tokyo (blue)
  24. 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Jan 2015 Apr 2015 Jul

    2015 Oct 2015 Jan 2016 Fraction of possible DLI 2015, Watkinsville (green) and Tokyo (blue)
  25. Summary points ▶ ultradwarf bermudagrass can use all the available

    light ▶ creeping bentgrass reaches its light saturation point at a PPFD of about 1000 ▶ summer temperatures are similar in Japan and the Southeastern USA ▶ the summer DLI tends to be higher in the USA than in Japan ▶ successful management of ultradwarf bermudagrass in Japan considers both temperature and light effects on the turf