Smart City Clouds

I was once asked by a French colleague of mine if Cloud Computing is ethically justifiable. At first I thought he was referring to Big Data Analytics and possible misuse of personal data, but in fact he was asking if the huge energy consumption of data centers and the impact on the environment outweighs the benefits of Cloud Computing. I was baffled at first because I couldn't really answer this question.

I did some research on this topic and found the solution in the combination of the two areas that I've been working on in the last couple of years: 'Smart Cities' use 'Cloud Computing' to make the urban environment more livable (and this is a huge benefit). This presentation summarizes my findings.

Transcript

1. SMART CITY
   MICHEL KRÄMER
   CLOUDS
   

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2. Can Cloud Computing
   be ethically justified?"
   "
   

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3. We use about 0.0003 KWh of energy to
   answer the average search query."
   "
   -- Google
   source: www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2392654,00.asp
   

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4. search queries
   100
   = shirt
   1
   source: www.google.com/green/bigpicture/
   

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5. One minute of streaming YouTube video
   consumes 0.0002 KWh of energy."
   "
   -- TIME magazine
   source: techland.time.com/2011/09/09/6-things-youd-never-guess-about-googles-energy-use/
   

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8. 0.0002 KWh/min
   

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9. 4 min
   0.0002 KWh/min
   x
   

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10. 4 min
    0.0002 KWh/min
    2,356,975,388 views
    x
    x
    

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11. 4 min
    0.0002 KWh/min
    2,356,975,388 views
    x
    x
    1,886 MWh
    example inspired by a talk given by Steve Strutt, IBM
    

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12. photo: E.ON Kernkraft GmbH
    Isar Nuclear Power Plant
    1,485 MW
    

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13. It is a confusion of ideas to suppose that the
    economical use of fuel is equivalent to diminished
    consumption. The very contrary is the truth."
    "
    -- William Stanley Jevons, 1865
    The Jevons Paradox
    

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14. photo: Paul Hammond
    ?
    photo: epape
    

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15. Smart City
    Enhanced quality of life
    Intelligent resource management
    Appropriate infrastructures
    Participatory processes
    ICT-enabled governance
    source: Ludlow, Khan 2012
    

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16. Cloud Computing
    On-Demand Self Service
    Broad Network Access
    Resource Pooling
    Rapid Elasticity
    Measured Service
    source: NIST 2011
    

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17. On-Demand Self Service
    A consumer can unilaterally provision
    computing capabilities [...] without
    requiring human interaction [...].
    source: NIST 2011
    

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18. On-Demand Self Service
    Self-management
    Independence
    Sustainability
    

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19. Broad Network Access
    Capabilities are available over the
    network and [...] standard mechanisms
    that promote use by [...] thin or thick
    client platforms [...].
    source: NIST 2011
    

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20. Broad Network Access
    Required by citizens and industry
    Mobile network coverage
    Sensor networks
    

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21. Resource Pooling
    [...] resources are pooled [...]
    according to consumer demand. [...]
    the customer generally has no control
    or knowledge over the exact location
    of the provided resources [...].
    source: NIST 2011
    

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22. Resource Pooling
    Efficient and reasonable use
    Just distribution
    Green City
    

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23. Rapid Elasticity
    Capabilities can be elastically
    provisioned and released [...] to scale
    rapidly [...]. To the consumer, the
    capabilities available [...] often
    appear to be unlimited [...].
    source: NIST 2011
    

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24. Rapid Elasticity
    Urban growth
    Scalability
    Resilience
    

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25. Measured Service
    Cloud systems automatically control
    and optimize resource use [...].
    Resource usage can be monitored,
    controlled, and reported, providing
    transparency for both the provider and
    consumer [...].
    source: NIST 2011
    

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26. Measured Service
    Continuous Monitoring
    Transparency
    Public Participation
    

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27. SaaS
    Web portal, apps, public participation
    PaaS
    Open Data, services, APIs
    IaaS
    Fibre networks, sensor networks
    

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28. Can Cloud Computing
    be ethically justified?"
    "
    

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29. CITIES
    CLOUD PROVIDERS GEOINFORMATICS
    

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30. photo: Paul Hammond
    ?
    photo: epape
    

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31. photo: Paul Hammond
    +
    

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32. Fraunhofer IGD
    Fraunhoferstr. 5
    64283 Darmstadt
    Geoinformationsmanagement
    

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33. michel.kraemer@igd.fraunhofer.de
    06151 155 415
    Michel Krämer
    

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