Exchange types allow configuration of types of exchanges between agents, including transfers of resources that are or are not reciprocal. We do not want networks to be stuck with the business-as-usual purchase and sale.
Setup Organization Plan Work Purchase Inputs Contribute Funds Coordinate Work Create Recipes Setup Resource Types Exchanges involve transferring the rights to one or more resources from one agent (person or group) to another. This is opposed to Processes, which create or enhance or transport the resources themselves. Exchanges can be made with agents outside the network, or completely within the network. Rights are generally thought of as ownership rights, but could also be defined in other ways, depending on what the group is trying to do. Setting up exchange types fits into the NRP here... Distribute Income Exchange Resources Create Resources Setup Exchange Types
Exchange Types define your exchanges... Exchange Types are completely user definable. Thinking about what exchange types is part of thinking about the shape and flow of resources within your network. Here is an example of a set of Exchange Types for a network that chooses dominantly to record processes internal to the network. For them, exchanges primarily happen on the edges of the network, either resources coming in or going out. They are focused internally on recording processes.
Another example... Some networks will organize their network primarily around internal exchanges and never distribute income from sales. Here is an example where the resources move through the network through ownership transfer from agent to agent in a predictable pattern. The resources change ownership at each stage, and are paid for at the time of this transfer or later. This allows viewing the movement of resources through the network in a unified way.
The structure of an exchange is defined by its types... ● An Exchange Type lets you name exchanges, and groups Transfer Types that are related because of their reciprocity, for example I paid for what I received. ● A Transfer Type is where most of the configurable information resides, including naming and behavior. It is defined within the Exchange Type as reciprocal or not. Any number of Transfer Types can be created for an Exchange Type. ● A Transfer has a Give and a Receive Event, as scoped by the network. So, an internal transfer will have a Give and a Receive, an incoming transfer will have only a Receive, and an outgoing transfer will have only a Give. Exchange Type Transfer Type Transfer Type (Reciprocal) Exchange Transfer Transfer (Reciprocal) Give Event Receive Event Give Event Receive Event
● Incoming (primarily), such as purchasing inputs or receiving contributions into the network ● Internal, when rights to resources are explicitly transferred inside the network ● Outgoing (primarily), such as selling or trading what was created Three scenarios for an exchange... Transfer Receive Give Agent Agent Context How do we decide what is “primarily” incoming or outgoing? This will work best if the flow of goods that are the impetus for the exchange is the primary transfer, and what is traded for those goods (money or something else) is the reciprocal transfer. Transfer Give Receive Transfer Receive Give Agent Agent Transfer Give Receive Transfer Receive Give Agent Agent Transfer Give Receive Incoming Internal Outgoing
Give and Receive events, just wondering why... Why are there both Give and Receive events for one Transfer? Very often, the Give and Receive events contain the same information. But not always. For example, if you wanted to transfer some currency from one virtual account or wallet to another, the Give event will decrease the “from” virtual account, and the Receive event will increase the “to” virtual account. Since events affect only one resource, we need 2 events. Note the resource is the virtual account, not the chunk of currency “in flight” between the accounts. Separate Give and Receive events also allow different viewpoints on a Transfer. So one network might Give a resource to another network, which Receives the resource. As we get networks of networks, this will be useful in accurately representing what happened and putting data together. See also the previous slide. The Give and Receive events maintain the base value flow architecture: Process Input Event Resource Output Event Resource Give Event Transfer Receive Event Resource
Transfer type configurability... Can be used in a value equation: This will give this as an option when a transfer is created, so people can choose to be part of a value equation distribution or not. Can be used as a resource to distribute: This marks the transfer as income that can be chosen to be distributed. Can create a new resource: This brings up the form to create a new inventoried resource or add to an existing inventoried resource when a transfer is created. Transfers a currency or money: This will limit the choices to money and for internal transfers open up both give and receive virtual accounts. Agent filters: Context agent, if checked, sets a default for forms. Selecting types of agent associations limits the choices.
Exchange Type pattern... For each Transfer Type within an Exchange Type, you can define limits for the dropdown lists for resource types, to keep them shorter and limited to those that make sense. For example, for this Transfer Type called Receipt, you want to see only items that would be purchased for the network. Or for a Transfer Type called Payment, you might want to see only items that are money. (Or not, but this makes it completely configurable.)
Specific instructions 1. Choose Exchange Types from the dropdown menu in the upper right. 2. To create a new exchange type, choose the use case, enter a name, and press the Create button. 3. To modify an existing exchange type, click on the exchange type in the list below. 4. To delete an exchange type, click the X delete button by the exchange type in the list. It is only deletable if it has no actual transfers recorded using it.
Specific instructions (See previous slide.) 1. Modify any information needed at the Exchange Type level. 2. Add or modify Transfer Types for the Exchange Type. ○ See earlier slide for details on the configuration options. ○ The sequence governs the order on the Exchange page. ○ To pick what is reciprocal and what is not, consider what is the primary reason for the exchange, not the order of occurrence. For example, if you are making a sale, the primary reason is what you are delivering, and the reciprocal transfer is the payment for that. If you are making a purchase, the receipt of the goods is primary, payment is reciprocal. 3. For each Transfer Type, set up the pattern for resource type lists that will display when the transfer is created. ○ Choose from the pattern facet lists on the right. ○ “Less is more”, consider the minimum choices needed. ○ The resulting lists appear on the left when you save changes. If you are missing items you think should appear, you may need to adjust your choices on the right. Or you may need to adjust the facet values that were assigned to the missing resource type. In this case, take the Change Resource Type Facets link at the top and correct the resource type.
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