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NACIS 2016 - Practical Cartography Day
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Seth Fitzsimmons
October 19, 2016
Design
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NACIS 2016 - Practical Cartography Day
Bash and Make tips for scripting reproducible workflows
Seth Fitzsimmons
October 19, 2016
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Transcript
$ echo “Make, etc.” | \ wall -g PCD Seth
Fitzsimmons Stamen Design, etc.
[email protected]
# slides $ open \ http://bit.ly/2eFFvJt
# why? # # * repeatable # * self-documenting #
* transformations # <> data changes
# on Windows 10? # no worries # # “Bash
on Ubuntu # on Windows”
# shell fundamentals $ /bin/sh -c theory
# is a comment $ is a prompt
# <cmd> ––help usually # works # man <cmd> is
detailed
# do this, then that $ this; that
# if this, then that $ this && that
# that, unless this $ this || that
# standard file # descriptors # (stdio)
# stdin (fd 0) $ cat > greeting Hi! ⌃d
$ cat greeting Hi!
# stdout (fd 1) $ echo “Hi PCD!”
# stderr $ >&2 echo Error
# a data black hole /dev/null
# redirection $ echo hi > greeting
# append $ echo hey >> greeting
# stderr → stdout $ thing 2>&1 logs
# pipe # this means everything # can be combined!!!
$ cat /etc/passwd | \ grep -i calendar
# exit codes $ thing; echo $?
# success (0) $ thing && echo $? 0
# failure (not 0) $ thing || echo $? 1
$ make basics
# same input (repeatedly), # same output $ make idempotency
Yes $ make idempotency Yes
# target this: touch $@
# prerequisite this: that # that exists cp that this
$ make -j2 vars fns
# target this: # outputs “this” echo $@
# all prereqs this: that the_other # “that the_other” echo
$^
# first prereq this: that the_other # “that” echo $<
# first prereq this: that the_other # “that” echo $<
# nth prereq this: that the_other # “the_other” echo $(word
2, $^)
# catch-all %: echo 42 > $@
$ ls /bin
# explore
# who am I? $ whoami seth
# where am I? $ pwd /home/seth
# what time is it? $ date Tue Oct 18
23:58:42 MDT 2016
# what’s here? $ ls -lh total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1
seth wheel …
# what’s in that file? $ cat /etc/passwd …
# …a page at a time $ less /etc/passwd …
# …just the beginning $ head /etc/passwd …
# …just the end $ tail /etc/passwd …
# what variables are set? $ env HOME=/home/seth …
# where’s that file? $ find . -type f -name
hi <list of files>
# where’d that file go? # (full-text search, macOS) $
mdfind Seattle <list of files>
# get help $ man man …
# manipulation
# create a file $ touch file
# copy a file $ cp file file2
# move a file $ mv file2 file3
# delete a file $ rm file3
# create a directory $ mkdir -p my/stuff
# remove a directory $ rmdir my/stuff
# remove a directory # and everything in it $
rm -r my
# find lines in a file $ grep -i name
file.txt
# find non-matching lines $ grep -v name file.txt
# count words, lines, # characters $ wc file.txt
# pretty-print JSON $ jq . file.json
# extract fields $ jq .name file.json
# replace things $ sed 's/this/that/' file
# extract columns $ cut -d , -f 1,3 file.csv
# extract columns $ cut -d , -f 1,3 file.csv
# compression
# open a zip file $ unzip file.zip
# list zip contents $ unzip -v file.zip
# create a zip $ zip file file.zip
# open a tarball $ tar zxf file.tar.gz
# list a tarball $ tar ztf file.tar.gz
# create a tarball $ tar zcf file.tar.gz stuff/
# compress with gzip $ gzip file.tar
# uncompress with gzip $ gzip -d file.tar.gz
# misc
# always exit 0 $ true; echo $? 0
# always exit non-0 $ false; echo $? 1
# fetch and fail # if appropriate $ curl -f
nacis.org
# download $ wget nacis.org
# download $ wget nacis.org
# “open” (macOS) $ open nacis.org
# display progress $ cat /etc/passwd | \ pv |
wc -l
# also write to a file $ echo hi |
tee file
$ man bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -eo pipefail
set -x
NACIS=2016
# assignment NACIS=“2016”
# capture a command NACIS=$(curl nacis.org)
echo $NACIS
echo ${NACIS}
# set a default value echo ${NACIS:-PCD}
# replace echo ${NACIS/2016/2017}
# replace all echo ${NACIS//2016/2017}
# substring echo ${NACIS:2:2}
# remove suffix $ filename=“world.tif” $ echo ${filename%.tif} world
# do math $ echo $[2 ** 3] 8
if [[ “this” != “that” ]]; then echo Control Flow
elif [[ ! -f file ]]; then touch file elif [[ $six -le $five ]]; then false else rm -f file fi
while true; do echo Control Flow done
for f in $(ls); do echo $f done
# man test
# misc
# extract filename $ basename /etc/passwd passwd
# extract directory $ dirname /etc/passwd /etc
$ make recipes
$ make convert source.json: source.shp ogr2ogr \ -t_srs EPSG:4326 \
-f GeoJSON \ $@ \ $<
$ make reproject output.tif: source.tif gdalwarp \ -q \ -t_srs
EPSG:3857 \ $< \ $@
$ make wilderness data/S_USA.Wilderness.zip: @mkdir -p $$(dirname $@) @curl -sfL
http://data.fs.usda.gov/ geodata/edw/edw_resources/shp/ S_USA.Wilderness.zip \ -o $@
$ make table db/wilderness: sql/wilderness.sql psql \ -c "\d $(subst
db/,,$@)" \ > /dev/null \ 2>&1 || \ psql \ -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 \ -qX1f \ $<
# resources • https://bost.ocks.org/mike/make/ • http://www.gregreda.com/2013/07/15/unix- commands-for-data-science/ • https://google.github.io/styleguide/shell.xml •
https://github.com/stamen/toner-carto/blob/ master/Makefile (WARNING!) • http://mojodna.net/2015/01/07/make-for-data- using-make.html