Technical Practices through a Kanban Lens

People in organizations that are learning Kanban quickly understand the relationship of WIP, Cycle Time and Throughput. However, when teams start doing things like Pair Programming, they tend to hold fast to the idea that “you’d get more done if you worked separately!”

High performing software teams use a variety of modern technical practices including Test Driven Development, Pair/Mob Programming, Refactoring, Evolutionary Design, and Continuous Integration & Delivery.

How do these practices fit into the Kanban context? Whether through improving collaboratively, evolving experimentally, or implementing feedback loops, learn how these technical practices are supported by Kanban's four Foundational Principles and six Core Practices, which in turn make Kanban more powerful.

Transcript

1. Technical Practices through a Kanban Lens Nayan Hajratwala nayan@chikli.com @nhajratw
2. Kanban Foundational Principles • Start with what you do now • Agree to pursue evolutionary change • Initially, respect current processes, roles, responsibilities & job titles • Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization
3. Kanban Core Practices • Visualize • Limit WIP • Manage flow • Make policies explicit • Implement feedback loops • Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally (using models)
4. Some Extreme Programming Technical Practices • Pair Programming • Continuous Integration • Simple Design • Collective Code Ownership • TDD • Whole Teams
5. Some Other Technical Practices • Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) • Mob Programming • Clean Code • Continuous Deployment • Feature Toggles • Refactoring • Feature Splitting • Evolutionary Design
6. Continuous Integration
7. Continuous Integration
8. Continuous Integration
9. Continuous Integration Source Code Repository
10. Continuous Integration Source Code Repository Continuous Integration Server triggers
11. Continuous Integration Source Code Repository Continuous Integration Server triggers ➡ checkout code
12. Continuous Integration Source Code Repository Continuous Integration Server triggers ➡ checkout code ➡ compile code
13. Continuous Integration Source Code Repository Continuous Integration Server triggers ➡ checkout code ➡ compile code ➡ run tests
14. Continuous Integration Source Code Repository Continuous Integration Server triggers ➡ checkout code ➡ compile code ➡ run tests ➡ build artifacts
15. Continuous Integration Source Code Repository Continuous Integration Server triggers ➡ checkout code ➡ compile code ➡ run tests ➡ build artifacts ➡ notify team on failure
16. Continuous Integration Source Code Repository Continuous Integration Server triggers ➡ checkout code ➡ compile code ➡ run tests ➡ build artifacts ➡ notify team on failure
17. Continuous Integration Source Code Repository Continuous Integration Server triggers ➡ checkout code ➡ compile code ➡ run tests ➡ build artifacts ➡ notify team on failure Implement feedback loops
18. Continuous Integration
19. Continuous Integration Visualize
20. Continuous Deployment
23. Source Code Repository
24. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Source Code Repository
25. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Source Code Repository
26. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Source Code Repository Build Environment (Chef, Ansible)
27. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Deploy A/B Source Code Repository Build Environment (Chef, Ansible)
28. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Deploy A/B Smoke Test Source Code Repository Build Environment (Chef, Ansible)
29. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Deploy A/B Smoke Test Source Code Repository Production Build Environment (Chef, Ansible)
30. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Deploy A/B Smoke Test Source Code Repository Production Build Environment (Chef, Ansible) Monitoring
31. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Deploy A/B Smoke Test Source Code Repository Production Build Environment (Chef, Ansible) Monitoring Notify team on failure and/or rollback
32. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Deploy A/B Smoke Test Source Code Repository Production Build Environment (Chef, Ansible) Monitoring Notify team on failure and/or rollback Limit WIP
33. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Deploy A/B Smoke Test Source Code Repository Production Build Environment (Chef, Ansible) Monitoring Notify team on failure and/or rollback Limit WIP Visualize
34. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Deploy A/B Smoke Test Source Code Repository Production Build Environment (Chef, Ansible) Monitoring Notify team on failure and/or rollback Limit WIP Manage flow Visualize
35. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Deploy A/B Smoke Test Source Code Repository Production Build Environment (Chef, Ansible) Monitoring Notify team on failure and/or rollback Limit WIP Manage flow Make policies explicit Visualize
36. Build Artifacts + Micro Tests (xUnit) Automated Acceptance Tests (Cucumber, Selenium) Deploy A/B Smoke Test Source Code Repository Production Build Environment (Chef, Ansible) Monitoring Notify team on failure and/or rollback Limit WIP Manage flow Make policies explicit Implement feedback loops Visualize
37. Feature Toggles
39. Implement feedback loops
40. Manage flow Implement feedback loops
41. Feature Splitting
42. Feature Splitting
43. Feature Splitting A traveller can book a flight
44. ??? Feature Splitting A traveller can book a flight
45. Feature Splitting A traveller can book a one-way flight
46. ??? Feature Splitting A traveller can book a one-way flight
47. Feature Splitting A traveller can book a one-way flight that starts at DTW
48. ??? Feature Splitting A traveller can book a one-way flight that starts at DTW
49. Feature Splitting A traveller can book a one-way flight that starts in DTW and arrives in SAN
50. ??? Feature Splitting A traveller can book a one-way flight that starts in DTW and arrives in SAN
51. Feature Splitting A traveller can book a one-way flight that starts in DTW at 10:00 am and arrives in SAN at 1:25 pm
52. Feature Splitting A traveller can book a one-way flight that starts in DTW at 10:00 am and arrives in SAN at 1:25 pm 2 days
53. Feature Splitting A traveller can book a one-way flight that starts in DTW at 10:00 am and arrives in SAN at 1:25 pm 2 days Limit WIP
54. Feature Splitting A traveller can book a one-way flight that starts in DTW at 10:00 am and arrives in SAN at 1:25 pm 2 days Make policies explicit Limit WIP
55. Feature Splitting
56. Feature Splitting
57. Feature Splitting Ship It!
58. Feature Splitting Ship It! Manage flow
59. Whole Team
60. Whole Team
61. Whole Team Initially, respect current processes, roles, responsibilities & job titles
62. Whole Team Initially, respect current processes, roles, responsibilities & job titles Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization
63. Whole Team Initially, respect current processes, roles, responsibilities & job titles Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization mprove collaboratively, evolve experimentally
64. Whole Team Initially, respect current processes, roles, responsibilities & job titles Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization Implement feedback loops mprove collaboratively, evolve experimentally
65. Simple Design
66. 1 - Passes All the Tests
67. 1 - Passes All the Tests
68. 1 - Passes All the Tests Make policies explicit
69. 1 - Passes All the Tests Make policies explicit Implement feedback loops
70. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY)
71. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id)
72. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new
73. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id
74. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id end
75. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id end def create_admin_user(id)
76. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id end def create_admin_user(id) user = User.new
77. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id end def create_admin_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id
78. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id end def create_admin_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id user.admin = true
79. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id end def create_admin_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id user.admin = true end
80. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id end def create_admin_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id user.admin = true end
81. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id user.password_expiration = ‘2017-12-31’ end def create_admin_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id user.admin = true end
82. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id end def create_admin_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id user.admin = true end
83. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id end def create_admin_user(id) user = create_regular_user(id) user.admin = true end
84. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id user.password_expiration = ‘2017-12-31’ end def create_admin_user(id) user = create_regular_user(id) user.admin = true end
85. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id user.password_expiration = ‘2017-12-31’ end def create_admin_user(id) user = create_regular_user(id) user.admin = true end Limit WIP
86. 2 - Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) def create_regular_user(id) user = User.new user.id = id user.password_expiration = ‘2017-12-31’ end def create_admin_user(id) user = create_regular_user(id) user.admin = true end Limit WIP Agree to pursue evolutionary change
87. 3 - Reveal Intent
88. 3 - Reveal Intent def process(amt) amt * 0.6 end
89. 3 - Reveal Intent def process(amt) amt * 0.6 end def calculate_sales_tax(amount) amount * 0.6 end
90. 3 - Reveal Intent def process(amt) amt * 0.6 end MICHIGAN_SALES_TAX_RATE = 0.6 def calculate_sales_tax(amount) amount * MICHIGAN_SALES_TAX_RATE end def calculate_sales_tax(amount) amount * 0.6 end
91. 3 - Reveal Intent def process(amt) amt * 0.6 end MICHIGAN_SALES_TAX_RATE = 0.6 def calculate_sales_tax(amount) amount * MICHIGAN_SALES_TAX_RATE end def calculate_sales_tax(amount) amount * 0.6 end Agree to pursue evolutionary change
92. 3 - Reveal Intent def process(amt) amt * 0.6 end MICHIGAN_SALES_TAX_RATE = 0.6 def calculate_sales_tax(amount) amount * MICHIGAN_SALES_TAX_RATE end def calculate_sales_tax(amount) amount * 0.6 end Visualize Agree to pursue evolutionary change
93. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts A traveller can book a one-way flight that starts in DTW at 10:00 am and arrives in SAN at 1:25 pm
94. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts
95. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts BookingSystem
96. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts BookingSystem Traveller
97. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts BookingSystem Traveller OneWayFlight
98. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts RoundtripFlight BookingSystem Traveller OneWayFlight
99. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts RoundtripFlight BookingSystem Flight Traveller OneWayFlight
100. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts RoundtripFlight BookingSystem Flight TimeRange Traveller OneWayFlight
101. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts RoundtripFlight BookingSystem Flight TimeRange Traveller OneWayFlight Person
102. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts RoundtripFlight BookingSystem Flight TimeRange Traveller OneWayFlight Airport Person
103. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts RoundtripFlight BookingSystem Flight TimeRange Traveller OneWayFlight Airport Person
104. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts RoundtripFlight BookingSystem Flight TimeRange Traveller OneWayFlight Airport Person
105. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts
106. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts BookingSystem
107. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts BookingSystem Traveller
108. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts BookingSystem Traveller OneWayFlight • start_time • end_time • origin • destination
109. 4 - Minimize Moving Parts BookingSystem Traveller OneWayFlight • start_time • end_time • origin • destination Limit WIP
110. Collective Code Ownership
111. Collective Code Ownership Component A Component B Component D Component C
112. Collective Code Ownership Component A Component B Component D Component C
113. Collective Code Ownership Component A Component B Component D Component C Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization
114. Collective Code Ownership Component A Component B Component D Component C Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally
115. Collective Code Ownership Component A Component B Component D Component C Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization Implement feedback loops Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally
116. Test Driven Development Refactor Green Red
117. Test Driven Development (TDD)
118. Test Driven Development (TDD) describe "tic tac toe" it "starts with an empty board" ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.board.should == " - - - - - - - - - " end end
119. Test Driven Development (TDD) describe "tic tac toe" it "starts with an empty board" ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.board.should == " - - - - - - - - - " end end Visualize
120. Test Driven Development (TDD) describe "tic tac toe" it "starts with an empty board" ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.board.should == " - - - - - - - - - " end end Visualize Limit WIP
121. Test Driven Development (TDD) describe "tic tac toe" it "starts with an empty board" ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.board.should == " - - - - - - - - - " end end class TicTacToe def initialize @board = [ ['-', '-', '-'], ['-', '-', '-'], ['-', '-', '-'] ] end end
122. Test Driven Development (TDD) describe "tic tac toe" it "starts with an empty board" ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.board.should == " - - - - - - - - - " end end class TicTacToe def initialize @board = [ ['-', '-', '-'], ['-', '-', '-'], ['-', '-', '-'] ] end end Implement feedback loops
123. Test Driven Development (TDD) describe "tic tac toe" it "starts with an empty board" ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.board.should == " - - - - - - - - - " end end class TicTacToe BLANK = '-' def initialize @board = [ [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK] ] end end
124. Test Driven Development (TDD) describe "tic tac toe" it "starts with an empty board" ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.board.should == " - - - - - - - - - " end end class TicTacToe BLANK = '-' def initialize @board = [ [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK] ] end end Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally (using models)
125. Test Driven Development (TDD) describe "tic tac toe" it "starts with an empty board" ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.board.should == " - - - - - - - - - " end it "plays an X first" do ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.play(0,0) ttt.board.should == " X - - - - - - - - " end end class TicTacToe BLANK = '-' def initialize @board = [ [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK] ] end end
126. Test Driven Development (TDD) describe "tic tac toe" it "starts with an empty board" ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.board.should == " - - - - - - - - - " end it "plays an X first" do ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.play(0,0) ttt.board.should == " X - - - - - - - - " end end class TicTacToe BLANK = '-' def initialize @board = [ [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK] ] end def play(row, column) @board[row][column] = ‘X' end end
127. Test Driven Development (TDD) describe "tic tac toe" it "starts with an empty board" ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.board.should == " - - - - - - - - - " end it "plays an X first" do ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.play(0,0) ttt.board.should == " X - - - - - - - - " end end class TicTacToe BLANK = '-' def initialize @board = [ [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK] ] end def play(row, column) @board[row][column] = ‘X' end end Make policies explicit
128. Test Driven Development (TDD) describe "tic tac toe" it "starts with an empty board" ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.board.should == " - - - - - - - - - " end it "plays an X first" do ttt = TicTacToe.new ttt.play(0,0) ttt.board.should == " X - - - - - - - - " end end class TicTacToe BLANK = '-' def initialize @board = [ [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK], [BLANK, BLANK, BLANK] ] end def play(row, column) @board[row][column] = ‘X' end end Manage flow Make policies explicit
129. Acceptance Test Driven Development
131. Red Feature
132. Refactor Green Red Red Feature
133. Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Red Feature
134. Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Red Feature
135. Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Red Feature …
136. Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Red Feature … Green
137. Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Red Feature … Refactor Green
138. Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Red Feature … Refactor Green
139. Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Red Feature … Refactor Green Limit WIP
140. Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Red Feature … Refactor Green Limit WIP Make policies explicit
141. Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Red Feature … Refactor Green Limit WIP Manage flow Make policies explicit
142. Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Refactor Green Red Red Feature … Refactor Green Implement feedback loops Limit WIP Manage flow Make policies explicit
143. Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) Given Toni Traveller is booking a flight When she completes payment Then she receives an email confirmation
144. Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) Given Toni Traveller is booking a flight When she completes payment Then she receives an email confirmation Visualize
145. Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) Given Toni Traveller is booking a flight When she completes payment Then she receives an email confirmation Visualize Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally (using models)
146. Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD) Given Toni Traveller is booking a flight When she completes payment Then she receives an email confirmation Initially, respect current processes, roles, responsibilities & job titles Visualize Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally (using models)
147. Refactoring
148. Refactoring The process of restructuring existing code without changing it’s external behavior
149. Refactoring (extract method) def calculate_gross_domestic_product(approach) if approach == “income” national_income + indirect_business_taxes + depreciation + net_foreign_factor_income else consumer_spending + business_investment + government_spending + (exports - imports) end end
150. Refactoring (extract method) def calculate_gross_domestic_product(approach) if approach == “income” national_income + indirect_business_taxes + depreciation + net_foreign_factor_income else consumer_spending + business_investment + government_spending + (exports - imports) end end
151. Refactoring (extract method) def calculate_gross_domestic_product(approach) if approach == “income” national_income + indirect_business_taxes + depreciation + net_foreign_factor_income else consumer_spending + business_investment + government_spending + (exports - imports) end end
152. Refactoring (extract method) def calculate_gross_domestic_product(approach) approach == “income” ? gdp_income_approach : gdp_spending_approach end
153. Refactoring (extract method) def calculate_gross_domestic_product(approach) approach == “income” ? gdp_income_approach : gdp_spending_approach end def gdp_income_approach national_income + indirect_business_taxes + depreciation + net_foreign_factor_income end
154. Refactoring (extract method) def calculate_gross_domestic_product(approach) approach == “income” ? gdp_income_approach : gdp_spending_approach end def gdp_income_approach national_income + indirect_business_taxes + depreciation + net_foreign_factor_income end def gdp_spending_approach consumer_spending + business_investment + government_spending + (exports - imports) end
155. Refactoring (extract method) def calculate_gross_domestic_product(approach) approach == “income” ? gdp_income_approach : gdp_spending_approach end def gdp_income_approach national_income + indirect_business_taxes + depreciation + net_foreign_factor_income end def gdp_spending_approach consumer_spending + business_investment + government_spending + (exports - imports) end Agree to pursue evolutionary change
156. Evolutionary Design
158. Agree to pursue evolutionary change
159. Start with what you do now Agree to pursue evolutionary change
160. Start with what you do now Agree to pursue evolutionary change Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally
161. Pair Programming
169. Pair Programming
170. Pair Programming Limit WIP
171. Pair Programming Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization Limit WIP
172. Pair Programming Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization Limit WIP Implement feedback loops
173. Mob Programming
174. Mob Programming
175. Mob Programming
176. Mob Programming Limit WIP
177. Mob Programming Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization Limit WIP
178. Mob Programming Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization Limit WIP Implement feedback loops
179. Some very unscientific data • 4 - Encourage acts of leadership at every level in your organization • 2 - Agree to pursue evolutionary change • 2 - Initially, respect current processes, roles, responsibilities & job titles • 1 - Start with what you do now • 10 - Implement feedback loops • 8 - Limit WIP • 8 - Improve collaboratively, evolve experimentally (using models) • 5 - Visualize • 5 - Manage flow • 5 - Make policies explicit
180. Photo Credits • https://www.flickr.com/photos/oldben/2322196242 • http://nelsonwells.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/pair_programming.jpg • https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ef1defc6a8e99ec339c3de381ec7650757ea4b4c/ 687474703a2f2f637331302e6f72672f737031352f7265736f75726365732f696d616765732f7061697270726f6772616d6d696e672e6a7067 • https://s3.amazonaws.com/insights-images-prod/pairprogramming_f0d3ae7ef121e981e150bfcae4ecb995.jpg • http://blog.zuehlke.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/iStock_000006143865Medium-755x521.jpg • http://images.wookmark.com/32334_bedroom-cat-cats-computer-cute-favim.com-128320.jpg • https://www.spkaa.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/It_Compiles_Ship_It.png • https://leanpub.com/4rulesofsimpledesign • https://s3.amazonaws.com/wapopartners.com/wweek-wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/29165302/1three3.png • http://idahostockimages.photoshelter.com/image/I0000JYOmipH_L7Q • http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/08/27/article-2194334-14778A33000005DC-112_634x435.jpg • http://blog.crisp.se/2016/01/25/henrikkniberg/making-sense-of-mvp • https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Tree_of_life_SVG.svg/2000px-Tree_of_life_SVG.svg.png • http://cdn8.themanual.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/how_to_chop_wood.jpg
181. Technical Practices through a Kanban Lens Nayan Hajratwala nayan@chikli.com @nhajratw