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Greek Art

nichsara
October 04, 2013

Greek Art

nichsara

October 04, 2013
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  1. Greek  Art  
    Reading:  
    Gardner’s,  pp.  104-­‐163.  
     
    Range:  
    c.  600-­‐300  BCE  
    Archaic,  Classical,  Late  Classical    
     
    Terms/Concepts:  
    Polis  (Poleis),  doric,  ionic,  triglyph,  
    metope,  capital,  volute,  conEnuous  
    frieze,  naos,  peristyle,  opisthodomos,  
    acropolis,  metope,  triglyph,  canon  of  
    proporEons,  barbarian,  Kouros,  Kore,    
    Pythagorean,  golden  raEo.  
    Monument  List:  
      Kouros  (Metropolitan  Kouros),  Archaic  
    Greek,  ca.  600  BCE.  
      Kroisos  (Anavysos  Kouros),  from  
    Anavysos,  Greece,  Archaic  Greek,  c.  530  
    BCE.  
      KriEos  Boy,  Early  Classical  Greek,  ca.  480  
    BCE  
      Myron,  Diskobolos  (Discus  Thrower),  
    Roman  copy  of  an  Early  Classical,  470-­‐440  
    BCE  
      Polykleitos,  Doryphoros  (Spear  Bearer),  
    High  Classical  Greek,  450-­‐440  BCE  
      Kallikrates  and  IkEnos,  Parthenon,  High  
    Classical  Greek,  447-­‐438  BCE.  
      Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos  (Scraper),  Late  
    Classical  Greek,  ca.  330  BCE.  

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  2. Map  
    Archaic:  c.  600-­‐480  BCE  

    View Slide

  3. Greek  Coloniza?on  c.  700-­‐500  BCE  
    34
    orientalizing styles to neighbouring peoples.
    The Greeks colonized the long-familiar shores
    that were nearest to them.
    At the same time, Phoenicians also moved
    west, through Greek waters and now no longer
    in competition with Greeks. They moved to
    shores beyond the main Greek colonizing area
    – to Sardinia, Spain and North Africa
    (Carthage). In Spain they stimulated local
    west, often along shared routes, but the two
    cultures create definable spheres of influence. A
    second phase of consolidation north and south
    follows in the sixth century – mainly by Greeks – in
    the Black Sea, France and Libya. Winds and currents
    promote circulation, allowing different routes to be
    used on outward and return voyages, ensuring
    varied contacts and facilitating strong links with the
    homelands. Northerlies take Greeks traders directly
    to Egypt. They return by the Levant, making these
    areas a main influence on the arts.
    0˚ 10˚
    10˚ 20˚ 30˚ 40˚
    40˚
    30˚
    Rhône
    Ebro
    Tagus
    Nile
    Danube
    Tigris
    Po
    Tiber
    A T L A N T I C
    O C E A N
    M E D I T
    E
    R
    R
    A
    N E A N S E A
    A
    D
    RIATIC
    SEA
    B L A C K S E A
    RED
    SEA
    AEGEAN
    SE
    A
    P
    Y
    R
    E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    A
    T L A S
    M T S
    TAURUS M
    TS
    SIERRA
    NEVADA
    S C Y T H I A N S
    I B E R I A N S
    PHRYGIANS & LYDIANS
    BALEARIC IS
    SARDINIA
    Nuraghic art
    CORSICA
    SICILY
    MALTA
    CRETE
    RHODES
    CYPRUS
    EUBOEA
    IONIA
    PHOENICIA
    ETRURIA
    A F R I C A
    ITA
    LY
    GREECE
    A N A T O L I A
    S Y R I A
    E G Y P T
    Iberian art
    Villanovan
    /
    Etruscan ar
    t
    Massalia
    Cumae
    Pithecusae Poseidonia
    Syracuse
    Cyrene Naucratis
    Al Mina
    Taras
    Thasos
    Sinope
    Olbia
    Phasis
    Istrus
    Sybaris
    Emporion
    Sidon
    Tyre
    Carthage
    Lixus
    Ibiza
    Toscanos
    Motya
    Tharros
    N
    0
    0
    500 miles
    750 kms
    1 The Colonizing of the Mediterranean from the East
    flow of Syrian goods and Greek
    orientalizing styles
    flow of settlement
    8th/7th centuries BC
    flow of settlement
    c. post 625 BC
    flow of Phoenician goods
    prevailing currents/winds
    Phoenician colonies
    and trading posts
    Greek colonies

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  4. Metropolitan  Kouros,  AVca,  Archaic,  c.  
    600  BCE  

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  5. Metropolitan Kouros.
    From Attica. c.600 BCE.
    Menkaure and a Queen, perhaps
    Khamerernebty II (from Giza). c.2490-
    2472 BCE.
    Egyptian pharaoh (king)
    Psammetichos I (r.664-610)
    invited Greek mercenaries
    and merchants to Egypt

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  6. View Slide

  7. Metropolitan  
    Kouros,  AVca,  
    Archaic,  c.  600  BCE  
    Portrait  Statue  of  
    Mentuemet,  Late  
    Period  Egypt,  
    660-­‐650  BCE  

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  8. Metropolitan  Kouros,  AVca,  Archaic,  c.  600  BCE  

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  9. The  Berlin  Kore,  Cemetery  at  Keratea,  
    near  Athens,  Archaic,  570-­‐560  BCE  

    View Slide

  10. The  Berlin  Kore,  
    Archaic,  570-­‐560  
    BCE  
    Metropolitan  
    Kouros,  AVca,  
    Archaic,  c.  600  BCE  

    View Slide

  11. Kroisos,  (Anavysos  Kouros),  Cemetery  at  Anavysos,  near  
    Athens,  c.  530  BCE  
     “Stay  and  mourn  at  the  monument  for  
    dead  Kroisos  whom  violent  Ares  
    destroyed,  fighEng  in  the  front  rank.”    

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  12. Kroisos,  (Anavysos  
    Kouros),  Cemetery  at  
    Anavysos,  near  
    Athens,  c.  530  BCE  
    Metropolitan
    Kouros. From
    Attica. c.600
    BCE.

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  13. Peplos  Kore,  
    Acropolis,  Athens,  
    Archaic,  c.  530  BCE  
    Kroisos,  (Anavysos  
    Kouros),  Cemetery  at  
    Anavysos,  near  
    Athens,  c.  530  BCE  

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  14. View Slide

  15. A  Turning  Point  
    KriEos  Boy,  Athenian  Acropolis,  Early  
    Classical,  c.  480  BCE.  

    View Slide

  16. Myron,  Diskobolos  (Discus  Thrower),  
    Roman  copy  of  an  Early  Classical,  470-­‐440  
    BCE  

    View Slide

  17. Eadweard  Muybridge,  Man  Throwing  Discus,  Collotype  from  glass  
    negaEve,  1883-­‐1886  

    View Slide

  18. View Slide

  19. Different  Roman  copies  (1st-­‐2nd  centuries  CE)  of  Myron’s  5th-­‐century  CE  bronze  original.  

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  20. Warrior,  Found  in  the  sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early  Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  

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  21. Warrior  (Detail),  Found  in  the  
    sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early  
    Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  

    View Slide

  22. Warrior  (Detail),  Found  in  the  
    sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early  
    Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  

    View Slide

  23. The  Canon  of  Polykleitos  
    Polykleitos,  Doryphoros  (Spear  Bearer),  Roman  Copy  from  
    Greek  Original,  High  Classical  c.  5th  Century  CE  

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  24. “but  beauty,  he  thinks,  does  not  reside  in  the  proper  
    proporEon  of  the  elements  but  in  the  proper  proporEon  
    of  the  parts,  such  as  for  example  that  of  finger  to  finger  
    and  all  these  to  the  palm  and  base  of  hand,  of  those  to  
    the  forearm,  of  the  forearm  to  the  upper  arm  and  of  
    everything  to  everything  else,  just  as  described  in  the  
    Canon  of  Polykleitos.  For  having  taught  us  in  that  work  
    all  the  proporEons  of  the  body,  Polykleitos  supported  
    his  treaEse  with  a  work  of  art,  making  a  statue  
    according  to  the  tenets  of  the  treaEse  and  calling  it,  like  
    the  treaEse  itself,  the  Canon.  So  then,  all  philosophers  
    and  doctors  accept  that  beauty  resides  in  the  due  
    proporEon  of  the  parts  of  the  body.”  

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  25. View Slide

  26. View Slide

  27. View Slide

  28. Contrapposto  
    Pythagorean  Table  of  Opposites  
     
     Finite        Infinite  
     Odd        Even  
     One      Many  
     Right        Leb  
     Rest      MoEon  
     Straight    Crooked  
     Light      Darkness  
     Good      Evil  
     Square      Oblong  

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  29. View Slide

  30. Aerial  View  of  Athens  with  the  Acropolis  
    High  (Acro)  +  City  (Polis)  =  High  City  
    The  Athenian  Acropolis  

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  31. The  Archaic  Athenian  Acropolis  
    Dimitri  Tsalikanis,  Reconstruc?on  of  the  Archaic  Acropolis,  c.  600-­‐500  
    BCE  

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  32. View Slide

  33. Darius  and  Xerxes  Receiving  Tribute,  Apandana  (Audience  Hall),  Persepolis,  c.  500  BCE  
    Xerxes   Darius  
    Remember  the  Persians?  

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  34. The  Achaemenid  Empire  

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  35. First  Persian  War  

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  36. Destroyed  Pediment  from  the  Old  Temple  of  Athena,  Acropolis,  Athens,  
    Archaic,  600-­‐550  BCE  

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  37. Athena  from  the  pediment  of  the  Old  
    Temple  to  Athena,  Archaic,  c.  600-­‐550  
    BCE  

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  38. Pediment  Sculpture  from  an  unknown  Athenian  temple,  found  buried  
    on  the  acropolis,  Archaic,  c.  600  BCE  
    Oath  of  Plataia:  "of  all  the  temples  burned  
    and  thrown  down  by  the  barbarians  I  will  
    rebuild  none,  but  I  will  leave  them  as  a  
    memorial  for  future  generaEons  of  the  
    impiety  of  the  barbarians"  

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  39. The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.
    The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.
    Ground  Zero  weeks  aber  September  2011.  

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  40. Kresilas. Pericles. Roman
    copy after bronze original of
    c.429 BCE.
    Pericles  and  the  Rebuilding  of  the  Acropolis  

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  41. Panathenaic  Procession  

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  42. The  Classical  Acropolis  
    Parthenon  
    Picture  Gallery  
    Propylaia  
    Statue  of  Athena  
    Promachos  
    Erechtheion  
    Temple  of  
    Athena  
    Nike  
    Panathenaic  
    Procession  

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  43. The  Classical  Acropolis  
    Parthenon  
    Picture  Gallery  
    Propylaia  
    Statue  of  Athena  
    Promachos  
    Erechtheion  
    Temple  of  
    Athena  
    Nike  
    Panathenaic  
    Procession  

    View Slide

  44. Leo von Klenze. Ideal View of
    Athens. 1846. Neue Pinakothek,
    Munich.
    Propylaia
    Entrance, or Propylaia, of the
    Acropolis, Athens, c. 347-432.
    Propylaion: Monumental entrance to a
    sacred space or citadel

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  45. *Propylaion: Monumental entrance to a sacred space or citadel
    Mnesikles. Propylaia (view from the east and northeast).
    Acropolis, Athens. 437-432 BCE.

    View Slide

  46. Mnesikles. Propylaia (view from the east and northeast).
    Acropolis, Athens. 437-432 BCE.

    View Slide

  47. The  Classical  Acropolis  
    Parthenon  
    Picture  Gallery  
    Propylaia  
    Statue  of  Athena  
    Promachos  
    Erechtheion  
    Temple  of  
    Athena  
    Nike  
    Panathenaic  
    Procession  

    View Slide

  48. Aerial view of the Acropolis, Athens.
    Plan  of  the  Erechtheion,  
    Acropolis,  Athens,  Greece,  ca.  
    421-­‐405  BCE.  

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  49. Erechtheion (view from the southeast), Acropolis, Athens. 421-405 BCE.
    Carya?d  
    “Porch  of  the  Maidens”  

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  50. Caryatid from the south porch of the
    Erechtheion. High Classical, 421-406
    BCE.
    lPeploszKore, from the Acropolis,
    Athens. Archaic c.530 BCE.

    View Slide

  51. Iktinos and Kallikrates. The Parthenon (seen from
    northwest). Acropolis, Athens, 447-438 BCE.

    View Slide

  52. Doric   Ionic  
    Cross-­‐SecEon  of  the  Parthenon  

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  53. Plan  of  the  Parthenon  and  its  sculptural  
    program.  

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  54. Diagram of the Doric Order.
    Metope
    Parthenon

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  55. Lapith  and  Centaur  Metope,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  
    Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE.  
    Aeschylus:  "For  coming  to  the  land  of  Hellas  
    [the  Persians]  were  not  restrained  by  religious  
    awe  from  looEng  the  statues  of  the  gods  nor  
    from  burning  temples.  But  altars  were  
    destroyed,  the  statues  of  the  gods  over-­‐  
    turned  from  their  bases  in  umer  confusion"  

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  56. Lapith  and  Centaur  Metope,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  
    Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE  
    Themistokles:  Xerxes  as  "one  who  acts  in  the  
    same  way  toward  temples  and  private  
    property,  burning  and  throwing  down  the  
    statues  of  the  gods,  who  even  scourged  the  
    sea  and  sank  shackles  in  it."  

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  57. “Old  Men”  Frieze,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  Classical,  450-­‐430  
    BCE  
    Riders  Frieze,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE  

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  58. Birth  of  Athena,  East  Pediment,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  
    Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE  
    Contest  between  Athena  and  Poseidon,  West  Pediment,  Parthenon,  
    Acropolis,  Athens,  High  Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE  

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  59. The  ProporEons  of  Phidias  

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  60. =    (phi)  =  1  =  .6180  

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  61. 5-­‐44,  Kallikrates,  and  
    IkEnos,  Frontal  View  of  
    the  Parthenon,  The  
    Golden  Rectangle,  
    Acropolis  Athens,  
    447-­‐432  BCE    

    View Slide

  62. 5-­‐44,  Kallikrates,  and  IkEnos,  Frontal  View  of  the  Parthenon,  Acropolis  
    Athens,  447-­‐432  BCE    

    View Slide

  63. 5-­‐44,  Kallikrates,  and  IkEnos,  Frontal  View  of  the  Parthenon,  Acropolis  
    Athens,  447-­‐432  BCE    

    View Slide

  64. 1  
    .618  
    Floor  Plan  of  Parthenon,  Interior  of  the  Parthenon  is  a  Golden  
    Rectangle.  

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  65. Diagram  of  Parthenon  with  exaggerated  curves  

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  66. Phidian  ProporEons  and  the  Human  Form  

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  67. Athena,  Amributed  to  Phidias,  High  Classical,  c.  
    5th  century  CE  

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  68. Athena,  Amributed  to  Phidias,  
    High  Classical,  c.  5th  century  
    CE  

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  69. Athena  Parthenos,  (ReconstrucEon),  
    Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  c.  440  
    BCE  

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  70. a  
    b  
    Athena  Parthenos,  (ReconstrucEon),  
    Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  c.  440  BCE  
    Statueme  of  the  Athena  Nikophoros,  possible  Roman  
    copy  of  the  Parthenon  cult  statue,  1st  century  CE.  

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  71. The  Canon  of  Lysippos  
    Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos  (The  Scraper),  Roman  Copy  of  a  Greek  Original,  
    Late  Classical,  4th  century  CE  

    View Slide

  72. Polykleitos,  Doryphoros,  5th  c.   Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos,  4th  c.  

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  73. Polykleitos,  Doryphoros,  5th  c.   Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos,  4th  c.  

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  74. Tholos  at  Epidauros,  360  BCE  

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  75. Tholos  at  Epidauros,  360  BCE  

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  76. View Slide