Greek Art

Transcript

1. Greek  Art  
   Reading:  
   Gardner’s,  pp.  104-­‐163.  
    
   Range:  
   c.  600-­‐300  BCE  
   Archaic,  Classical,  Late  Classical    
    
   Terms/Concepts:  
   Polis  (Poleis),  doric,  ionic,  triglyph,  
   metope,  capital,  volute,  conEnuous  
   frieze,  naos,  peristyle,  opisthodomos,  
   acropolis,  metope,  triglyph,  canon  of  
   proporEons,  barbarian,  Kouros,  Kore,    
   Pythagorean,  golden  raEo.  
   Monument  List:  
     Kouros  (Metropolitan  Kouros),  Archaic  
   Greek,  ca.  600  BCE.  
     Kroisos  (Anavysos  Kouros),  from  
   Anavysos,  Greece,  Archaic  Greek,  c.  530  
   BCE.  
     KriEos  Boy,  Early  Classical  Greek,  ca.  480  
   BCE  
     Myron,  Diskobolos  (Discus  Thrower),  
   Roman  copy  of  an  Early  Classical,  470-­‐440  
   BCE  
     Polykleitos,  Doryphoros  (Spear  Bearer),  
   High  Classical  Greek,  450-­‐440  BCE  
     Kallikrates  and  IkEnos,  Parthenon,  High  
   Classical  Greek,  447-­‐438  BCE.  
     Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos  (Scraper),  Late  
   Classical  Greek,  ca.  330  BCE.  
   

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2. Map  
   Archaic:  c.  600-­‐480  BCE  
   

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3. Greek  Coloniza?on  c.  700-­‐500  BCE  
   34
   orientalizing styles to neighbouring peoples.
   The Greeks colonized the long-familiar shores
   that were nearest to them.
   At the same time, Phoenicians also moved
   west, through Greek waters and now no longer
   in competition with Greeks. They moved to
   shores beyond the main Greek colonizing area
   – to Sardinia, Spain and North Africa
   (Carthage). In Spain they stimulated local
   west, often along shared routes, but the two
   cultures create definable spheres of influence. A
   second phase of consolidation north and south
   follows in the sixth century – mainly by Greeks – in
   the Black Sea, France and Libya. Winds and currents
   promote circulation, allowing different routes to be
   used on outward and return voyages, ensuring
   varied contacts and facilitating strong links with the
   homelands. Northerlies take Greeks traders directly
   to Egypt. They return by the Levant, making these
   areas a main influence on the arts.
   0˚ 10˚
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   Rhône
   Ebro
   Tagus
   Nile
   Danube
   Tigris
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   A T L A N T I C
   O C E A N
   M E D I T
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   B L A C K S E A
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   AEGEAN
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   E N E E S
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   L P S
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   T L A S
   M T S
   TAURUS M
   TS
   SIERRA
   NEVADA
   S C Y T H I A N S
   I B E R I A N S
   PHRYGIANS & LYDIANS
   BALEARIC IS
   SARDINIA
   Nuraghic art
   CORSICA
   SICILY
   MALTA
   CRETE
   RHODES
   CYPRUS
   EUBOEA
   IONIA
   PHOENICIA
   ETRURIA
   A F R I C A
   ITA
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   GREECE
   A N A T O L I A
   S Y R I A
   E G Y P T
   Iberian art
   Villanovan
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   Etruscan ar
   t
   Massalia
   Cumae
   Pithecusae Poseidonia
   Syracuse
   Cyrene Naucratis
   Al Mina
   Taras
   Thasos
   Sinope
   Olbia
   Phasis
   Istrus
   Sybaris
   Emporion
   Sidon
   Tyre
   Carthage
   Lixus
   Ibiza
   Toscanos
   Motya
   Tharros
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   500 miles
   750 kms
   1 The Colonizing of the Mediterranean from the East
   flow of Syrian goods and Greek
   orientalizing styles
   flow of settlement
   8th/7th centuries BC
   flow of settlement
   c. post 625 BC
   flow of Phoenician goods
   prevailing currents/winds
   Phoenician colonies
   and trading posts
   Greek colonies
   

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4. Metropolitan  Kouros,  AVca,  Archaic,  c.  
   600  BCE  
   

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5. Metropolitan Kouros.
   From Attica. c.600 BCE.
   Menkaure and a Queen, perhaps
   Khamerernebty II (from Giza). c.2490-
   2472 BCE.
   Egyptian pharaoh (king)
   Psammetichos I (r.664-610)
   invited Greek mercenaries
   and merchants to Egypt
   

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7. Metropolitan  
   Kouros,  AVca,  
   Archaic,  c.  600  BCE  
   Portrait  Statue  of  
   Mentuemet,  Late  
   Period  Egypt,  
   660-­‐650  BCE  
   

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8. Metropolitan  Kouros,  AVca,  Archaic,  c.  600  BCE  
   

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9. The  Berlin  Kore,  Cemetery  at  Keratea,  
   near  Athens,  Archaic,  570-­‐560  BCE  
   

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10. The  Berlin  Kore,  
    Archaic,  570-­‐560  
    BCE  
    Metropolitan  
    Kouros,  AVca,  
    Archaic,  c.  600  BCE  
    

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11. Kroisos,  (Anavysos  Kouros),  Cemetery  at  Anavysos,  near  
    Athens,  c.  530  BCE  
     “Stay  and  mourn  at  the  monument  for  
    dead  Kroisos  whom  violent  Ares  
    destroyed,  fighEng  in  the  front  rank.”    
    

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12. Kroisos,  (Anavysos  
    Kouros),  Cemetery  at  
    Anavysos,  near  
    Athens,  c.  530  BCE  
    Metropolitan
    Kouros. From
    Attica. c.600
    BCE.
    

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13. Peplos  Kore,  
    Acropolis,  Athens,  
    Archaic,  c.  530  BCE  
    Kroisos,  (Anavysos  
    Kouros),  Cemetery  at  
    Anavysos,  near  
    Athens,  c.  530  BCE  
    

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15. A  Turning  Point  
    KriEos  Boy,  Athenian  Acropolis,  Early  
    Classical,  c.  480  BCE.  
    

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16. Myron,  Diskobolos  (Discus  Thrower),  
    Roman  copy  of  an  Early  Classical,  470-­‐440  
    BCE  
    

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17. Eadweard  Muybridge,  Man  Throwing  Discus,  Collotype  from  glass  
    negaEve,  1883-­‐1886  
    

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19. Different  Roman  copies  (1st-­‐2nd  centuries  CE)  of  Myron’s  5th-­‐century  CE  bronze  original.  
    

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20. Warrior,  Found  in  the  sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early  Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  
    

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21. Warrior  (Detail),  Found  in  the  
    sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early  
    Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  
    

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22. Warrior  (Detail),  Found  in  the  
    sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early  
    Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  
    

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23. The  Canon  of  Polykleitos  
    Polykleitos,  Doryphoros  (Spear  Bearer),  Roman  Copy  from  
    Greek  Original,  High  Classical  c.  5th  Century  CE  
    

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24. “but  beauty,  he  thinks,  does  not  reside  in  the  proper  
    proporEon  of  the  elements  but  in  the  proper  proporEon  
    of  the  parts,  such  as  for  example  that  of  finger  to  finger  
    and  all  these  to  the  palm  and  base  of  hand,  of  those  to  
    the  forearm,  of  the  forearm  to  the  upper  arm  and  of  
    everything  to  everything  else,  just  as  described  in  the  
    Canon  of  Polykleitos.  For  having  taught  us  in  that  work  
    all  the  proporEons  of  the  body,  Polykleitos  supported  
    his  treaEse  with  a  work  of  art,  making  a  statue  
    according  to  the  tenets  of  the  treaEse  and  calling  it,  like  
    the  treaEse  itself,  the  Canon.  So  then,  all  philosophers  
    and  doctors  accept  that  beauty  resides  in  the  due  
    proporEon  of  the  parts  of  the  body.”  
    

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28. Contrapposto  
    Pythagorean  Table  of  Opposites  
     
     Finite        Infinite  
     Odd        Even  
     One      Many  
     Right        Leb  
     Rest      MoEon  
     Straight    Crooked  
     Light      Darkness  
     Good      Evil  
     Square      Oblong  
    

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30. Aerial  View  of  Athens  with  the  Acropolis  
    High  (Acro)  +  City  (Polis)  =  High  City  
    The  Athenian  Acropolis  
    

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31. The  Archaic  Athenian  Acropolis  
    Dimitri  Tsalikanis,  Reconstruc?on  of  the  Archaic  Acropolis,  c.  600-­‐500  
    BCE  
    

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33. Darius  and  Xerxes  Receiving  Tribute,  Apandana  (Audience  Hall),  Persepolis,  c.  500  BCE  
    Xerxes   Darius  
    Remember  the  Persians?  
    

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34. The  Achaemenid  Empire  
    

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35. First  Persian  War  
    

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36. Destroyed  Pediment  from  the  Old  Temple  of  Athena,  Acropolis,  Athens,  
    Archaic,  600-­‐550  BCE  
    

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37. Athena  from  the  pediment  of  the  Old  
    Temple  to  Athena,  Archaic,  c.  600-­‐550  
    BCE  
    

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38. Pediment  Sculpture  from  an  unknown  Athenian  temple,  found  buried  
    on  the  acropolis,  Archaic,  c.  600  BCE  
    Oath  of  Plataia:  "of  all  the  temples  burned  
    and  thrown  down  by  the  barbarians  I  will  
    rebuild  none,  but  I  will  leave  them  as  a  
    memorial  for  future  generaEons  of  the  
    impiety  of  the  barbarians"  
    

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39. The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.
    The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.
    Ground  Zero  weeks  aber  September  2011.  
    

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40. Kresilas. Pericles. Roman
    copy after bronze original of
    c.429 BCE.
    Pericles  and  the  Rebuilding  of  the  Acropolis  
    

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41. Panathenaic  Procession  
    

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42. The  Classical  Acropolis  
    Parthenon  
    Picture  Gallery  
    Propylaia  
    Statue  of  Athena  
    Promachos  
    Erechtheion  
    Temple  of  
    Athena  
    Nike  
    Panathenaic  
    Procession  
    

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43. The  Classical  Acropolis  
    Parthenon  
    Picture  Gallery  
    Propylaia  
    Statue  of  Athena  
    Promachos  
    Erechtheion  
    Temple  of  
    Athena  
    Nike  
    Panathenaic  
    Procession  
    

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44. Leo von Klenze. Ideal View of
    Athens. 1846. Neue Pinakothek,
    Munich.
    Propylaia
    Entrance, or Propylaia, of the
    Acropolis, Athens, c. 347-432.
    Propylaion: Monumental entrance to a
    sacred space or citadel
    

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45. *Propylaion: Monumental entrance to a sacred space or citadel
    Mnesikles. Propylaia (view from the east and northeast).
    Acropolis, Athens. 437-432 BCE.
    

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46. Mnesikles. Propylaia (view from the east and northeast).
    Acropolis, Athens. 437-432 BCE.
    

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47. The  Classical  Acropolis  
    Parthenon  
    Picture  Gallery  
    Propylaia  
    Statue  of  Athena  
    Promachos  
    Erechtheion  
    Temple  of  
    Athena  
    Nike  
    Panathenaic  
    Procession  
    

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48. Aerial view of the Acropolis, Athens.
    Plan  of  the  Erechtheion,  
    Acropolis,  Athens,  Greece,  ca.  
    421-­‐405  BCE.  
    

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49. Erechtheion (view from the southeast), Acropolis, Athens. 421-405 BCE.
    Carya?d  
    “Porch  of  the  Maidens”  
    

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50. Caryatid from the south porch of the
    Erechtheion. High Classical, 421-406
    BCE.
    lPeploszKore, from the Acropolis,
    Athens. Archaic c.530 BCE.
    

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51. Iktinos and Kallikrates. The Parthenon (seen from
    northwest). Acropolis, Athens, 447-438 BCE.
    

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52. Doric   Ionic  
    Cross-­‐SecEon  of  the  Parthenon  
    

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53. Plan  of  the  Parthenon  and  its  sculptural  
    program.  
    

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54. Diagram of the Doric Order.
    Metope
    Parthenon
    

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55. Lapith  and  Centaur  Metope,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  
    Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE.  
    Aeschylus:  "For  coming  to  the  land  of  Hellas  
    [the  Persians]  were  not  restrained  by  religious  
    awe  from  looEng  the  statues  of  the  gods  nor  
    from  burning  temples.  But  altars  were  
    destroyed,  the  statues  of  the  gods  over-­‐  
    turned  from  their  bases  in  umer  confusion"  
    

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56. Lapith  and  Centaur  Metope,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  
    Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE  
    Themistokles:  Xerxes  as  "one  who  acts  in  the  
    same  way  toward  temples  and  private  
    property,  burning  and  throwing  down  the  
    statues  of  the  gods,  who  even  scourged  the  
    sea  and  sank  shackles  in  it."  
    

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57. “Old  Men”  Frieze,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  Classical,  450-­‐430  
    BCE  
    Riders  Frieze,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE  
    

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58. Birth  of  Athena,  East  Pediment,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  
    Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE  
    Contest  between  Athena  and  Poseidon,  West  Pediment,  Parthenon,  
    Acropolis,  Athens,  High  Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE  
    

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59. The  ProporEons  of  Phidias  
    

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60. =    (phi)  =  1  =  .6180  
    

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61. 5-­‐44,  Kallikrates,  and  
    IkEnos,  Frontal  View  of  
    the  Parthenon,  The  
    Golden  Rectangle,  
    Acropolis  Athens,  
    447-­‐432  BCE    
    

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62. 5-­‐44,  Kallikrates,  and  IkEnos,  Frontal  View  of  the  Parthenon,  Acropolis  
    Athens,  447-­‐432  BCE    
    

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63. 5-­‐44,  Kallikrates,  and  IkEnos,  Frontal  View  of  the  Parthenon,  Acropolis  
    Athens,  447-­‐432  BCE    
    

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64. 1  
    .618  
    Floor  Plan  of  Parthenon,  Interior  of  the  Parthenon  is  a  Golden  
    Rectangle.  
    

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65. Diagram  of  Parthenon  with  exaggerated  curves  
    

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66. Phidian  ProporEons  and  the  Human  Form  
    

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67. Athena,  Amributed  to  Phidias,  High  Classical,  c.  
    5th  century  CE  
    

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68. Athena,  Amributed  to  Phidias,  
    High  Classical,  c.  5th  century  
    CE  
    

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69. Athena  Parthenos,  (ReconstrucEon),  
    Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  c.  440  
    BCE  
    

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70. a  
    b  
    Athena  Parthenos,  (ReconstrucEon),  
    Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  c.  440  BCE  
    Statueme  of  the  Athena  Nikophoros,  possible  Roman  
    copy  of  the  Parthenon  cult  statue,  1st  century  CE.  
    

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71. The  Canon  of  Lysippos  
    Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos  (The  Scraper),  Roman  Copy  of  a  Greek  Original,  
    Late  Classical,  4th  century  CE  
    

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72. Polykleitos,  Doryphoros,  5th  c.   Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos,  4th  c.  
    

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73. Polykleitos,  Doryphoros,  5th  c.   Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos,  4th  c.  
    

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74. Tholos  at  Epidauros,  360  BCE  
    

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75. Tholos  at  Epidauros,  360  BCE  
    

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