Greek Art

Transcript

1. Greek  Art   Reading:   Gardner’s,  pp.  104-­‐163.     Range:   c.  600-­‐300  BCE   Archaic,  Classical,  Late  Classical       Terms/Concepts:   Polis  (Poleis),  doric,  ionic,  triglyph,   metope,  capital,  volute,  conEnuous   frieze,  naos,  peristyle,  opisthodomos,   acropolis,  metope,  triglyph,  canon  of   proporEons,  barbarian,  Kouros,  Kore,     Pythagorean,  golden  raEo.   Monument  List:     Kouros  (Metropolitan  Kouros),  Archaic   Greek,  ca.  600  BCE.     Kroisos  (Anavysos  Kouros),  from   Anavysos,  Greece,  Archaic  Greek,  c.  530   BCE.     KriEos  Boy,  Early  Classical  Greek,  ca.  480   BCE     Myron,  Diskobolos  (Discus  Thrower),   Roman  copy  of  an  Early  Classical,  470-­‐440   BCE     Polykleitos,  Doryphoros  (Spear  Bearer),   High  Classical  Greek,  450-­‐440  BCE     Kallikrates  and  IkEnos,  Parthenon,  High   Classical  Greek,  447-­‐438  BCE.     Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos  (Scraper),  Late   Classical  Greek,  ca.  330  BCE.  
2. Map   Archaic:  c.  600-­‐480  BCE  
3. Greek  Coloniza?on  c.  700-­‐500  BCE   34 orientalizing styles to neighbouring peoples. The Greeks colonized the long-familiar shores that were nearest to them. At the same time, Phoenicians also moved west, through Greek waters and now no longer in competition with Greeks. They moved to shores beyond the main Greek colonizing area – to Sardinia, Spain and North Africa (Carthage). In Spain they stimulated local west, often along shared routes, but the two cultures create definable spheres of influence. A second phase of consolidation north and south follows in the sixth century – mainly by Greeks – in the Black Sea, France and Libya. Winds and currents promote circulation, allowing different routes to be used on outward and return voyages, ensuring varied contacts and facilitating strong links with the homelands. Northerlies take Greeks traders directly to Egypt. They return by the Levant, making these areas a main influence on the arts. 0˚ 10˚ 10˚ 20˚ 30˚ 40˚ 40˚ 30˚ Rhône Ebro Tagus Nile Danube Tigris Po Tiber A T L A N T I C O C E A N M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A A D RIATIC SEA B L A C K S E A RED SEA AEGEAN SE A P Y R E N E E S A L P S A T L A S M T S TAURUS M TS SIERRA NEVADA S C Y T H I A N S I B E R I A N S PHRYGIANS & LYDIANS BALEARIC IS SARDINIA Nuraghic art CORSICA SICILY MALTA CRETE RHODES CYPRUS EUBOEA IONIA PHOENICIA ETRURIA A F R I C A ITA LY GREECE A N A T O L I A S Y R I A E G Y P T Iberian art Villanovan / Etruscan ar t Massalia Cumae Pithecusae Poseidonia Syracuse Cyrene Naucratis Al Mina Taras Thasos Sinope Olbia Phasis Istrus Sybaris Emporion Sidon Tyre Carthage Lixus Ibiza Toscanos Motya Tharros N 0 0 500 miles 750 kms 1 The Colonizing of the Mediterranean from the East flow of Syrian goods and Greek orientalizing styles flow of settlement 8th/7th centuries BC flow of settlement c. post 625 BC flow of Phoenician goods prevailing currents/winds Phoenician colonies and trading posts Greek colonies
4. Metropolitan  Kouros,  AVca,  Archaic,  c.   600  BCE  
5. Metropolitan Kouros. From Attica. c.600 BCE. Menkaure and a Queen, perhaps Khamerernebty II (from Giza). c.2490- 2472 BCE. Egyptian pharaoh (king) Psammetichos I (r.664-610) invited Greek mercenaries and merchants to Egypt
7. Metropolitan   Kouros,  AVca,   Archaic,  c.  600  BCE   Portrait  Statue  of   Mentuemet,  Late   Period  Egypt,   660-­‐650  BCE  
8. Metropolitan  Kouros,  AVca,  Archaic,  c.  600  BCE  
9. The  Berlin  Kore,  Cemetery  at  Keratea,   near  Athens,  Archaic,  570-­‐560  BCE  
10. The  Berlin  Kore,   Archaic,  570-­‐560   BCE   Metropolitan   Kouros,  AVca,   Archaic,  c.  600  BCE  
11. Kroisos,  (Anavysos  Kouros),  Cemetery  at  Anavysos,  near   Athens,  c.  530  BCE    “Stay  and  mourn  at  the  monument  for   dead  Kroisos  whom  violent  Ares   destroyed,  fighEng  in  the  front  rank.”    
12. Kroisos,  (Anavysos   Kouros),  Cemetery  at   Anavysos,  near   Athens,  c.  530  BCE   Metropolitan Kouros. From Attica. c.600 BCE.
13. Peplos  Kore,   Acropolis,  Athens,   Archaic,  c.  530  BCE   Kroisos,  (Anavysos   Kouros),  Cemetery  at   Anavysos,  near   Athens,  c.  530  BCE  
15. A  Turning  Point   KriEos  Boy,  Athenian  Acropolis,  Early   Classical,  c.  480  BCE.  
16. Myron,  Diskobolos  (Discus  Thrower),   Roman  copy  of  an  Early  Classical,  470-­‐440   BCE  
17. Eadweard  Muybridge,  Man  Throwing  Discus,  Collotype  from  glass   negaEve,  1883-­‐1886  
19. Different  Roman  copies  (1st-­‐2nd  centuries  CE)  of  Myron’s  5th-­‐century  CE  bronze  original.  
20. Warrior,  Found  in  the  sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early  Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  
21. Warrior  (Detail),  Found  in  the   sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early   Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  
22. Warrior  (Detail),  Found  in  the   sea  off  Riace,  Italy,  Early   Classical,  460-­‐450  BCE  
23. The  Canon  of  Polykleitos   Polykleitos,  Doryphoros  (Spear  Bearer),  Roman  Copy  from   Greek  Original,  High  Classical  c.  5th  Century  CE  
24. “but  beauty,  he  thinks,  does  not  reside  in  the  proper   proporEon  of  the  elements  but  in  the  proper  proporEon   of  the  parts,  such  as  for  example  that  of  finger  to  finger   and  all  these  to  the  palm  and  base  of  hand,  of  those  to   the  forearm,  of  the  forearm  to  the  upper  arm  and  of   everything  to  everything  else,  just  as  described  in  the   Canon  of  Polykleitos.  For  having  taught  us  in  that  work   all  the  proporEons  of  the  body,  Polykleitos  supported   his  treaEse  with  a  work  of  art,  making  a  statue   according  to  the  tenets  of  the  treaEse  and  calling  it,  like   the  treaEse  itself,  the  Canon.  So  then,  all  philosophers   and  doctors  accept  that  beauty  resides  in  the  due   proporEon  of  the  parts  of  the  body.”  
28. Contrapposto   Pythagorean  Table  of  Opposites      Finite        Infinite    Odd        Even    One      Many    Right        Leb    Rest      MoEon    Straight    Crooked    Light      Darkness    Good      Evil    Square      Oblong  
30. Aerial  View  of  Athens  with  the  Acropolis   High  (Acro)  +  City  (Polis)  =  High  City   The  Athenian  Acropolis  
31. The  Archaic  Athenian  Acropolis   Dimitri  Tsalikanis,  Reconstruc?on  of  the  Archaic  Acropolis,  c.  600-­‐500   BCE  
33. Darius  and  Xerxes  Receiving  Tribute,  Apandana  (Audience  Hall),  Persepolis,  c.  500  BCE   Xerxes   Darius   Remember  the  Persians?  
34. The  Achaemenid  Empire  
35. First  Persian  War  
36. Destroyed  Pediment  from  the  Old  Temple  of  Athena,  Acropolis,  Athens,   Archaic,  600-­‐550  BCE  
37. Athena  from  the  pediment  of  the  Old   Temple  to  Athena,  Archaic,  c.  600-­‐550   BCE  
38. Pediment  Sculpture  from  an  unknown  Athenian  temple,  found  buried   on  the  acropolis,  Archaic,  c.  600  BCE   Oath  of  Plataia:  "of  all  the  temples  burned   and  thrown  down  by  the  barbarians  I  will   rebuild  none,  but  I  will  leave  them  as  a   memorial  for  future  generaEons  of  the   impiety  of  the  barbarians"  
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40. Kresilas. Pericles. Roman copy after bronze original of c.429 BCE. Pericles  and  the  Rebuilding  of  the  Acropolis  
41. Panathenaic  Procession  
42. The  Classical  Acropolis   Parthenon   Picture  Gallery   Propylaia   Statue  of  Athena   Promachos   Erechtheion   Temple  of   Athena   Nike   Panathenaic   Procession  
43. The  Classical  Acropolis   Parthenon   Picture  Gallery   Propylaia   Statue  of  Athena   Promachos   Erechtheion   Temple  of   Athena   Nike   Panathenaic   Procession  
44. Leo von Klenze. Ideal View of Athens. 1846. Neue Pinakothek, Munich. Propylaia Entrance, or Propylaia, of the Acropolis, Athens, c. 347-432. Propylaion: Monumental entrance to a sacred space or citadel
45. *Propylaion: Monumental entrance to a sacred space or citadel Mnesikles. Propylaia (view from the east and northeast). Acropolis, Athens. 437-432 BCE.
46. Mnesikles. Propylaia (view from the east and northeast). Acropolis, Athens. 437-432 BCE.
47. The  Classical  Acropolis   Parthenon   Picture  Gallery   Propylaia   Statue  of  Athena   Promachos   Erechtheion   Temple  of   Athena   Nike   Panathenaic   Procession  
48. Aerial view of the Acropolis, Athens. Plan  of  the  Erechtheion,   Acropolis,  Athens,  Greece,  ca.   421-­‐405  BCE.  
49. Erechtheion (view from the southeast), Acropolis, Athens. 421-405 BCE. Carya?d   “Porch  of  the  Maidens”  
50. Caryatid from the south porch of the Erechtheion. High Classical, 421-406 BCE. lPeplosz
    Kore, from the Acropolis, Athens. Archaic c.530 BCE.
51. Iktinos and Kallikrates. The Parthenon (seen from northwest). Acropolis, Athens, 447-438 BCE.
52. Doric   Ionic   Cross-­‐SecEon  of  the  Parthenon  
53. Plan  of  the  Parthenon  and  its  sculptural   program.  
54. Diagram of the Doric Order. Metope Parthenon
55. Lapith  and  Centaur  Metope,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High   Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE.   Aeschylus:  "For  coming  to  the  land  of  Hellas   [the  Persians]  were  not  restrained  by  religious   awe  from  looEng  the  statues  of  the  gods  nor   from  burning  temples.  But  altars  were   destroyed,  the  statues  of  the  gods  over-­‐   turned  from  their  bases  in  umer  confusion"  
56. Lapith  and  Centaur  Metope,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High   Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE   Themistokles:  Xerxes  as  "one  who  acts  in  the   same  way  toward  temples  and  private   property,  burning  and  throwing  down  the   statues  of  the  gods,  who  even  scourged  the   sea  and  sank  shackles  in  it."  
57. “Old  Men”  Frieze,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  Classical,  450-­‐430   BCE   Riders  Frieze,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High  Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE  
58. Birth  of  Athena,  East  Pediment,  Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  High   Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE   Contest  between  Athena  and  Poseidon,  West  Pediment,  Parthenon,   Acropolis,  Athens,  High  Classical,  450-­‐430  BCE  
59. The  ProporEons  of  Phidias  
60. =    (phi)  =  1  =  .6180  
61. 5-­‐44,  Kallikrates,  and   IkEnos,  Frontal  View  of   the  Parthenon,  The   Golden  Rectangle,   Acropolis  Athens,   447-­‐432  BCE    
62. 5-­‐44,  Kallikrates,  and  IkEnos,  Frontal  View  of  the  Parthenon,  Acropolis   Athens,  447-­‐432  BCE    
63. 5-­‐44,  Kallikrates,  and  IkEnos,  Frontal  View  of  the  Parthenon,  Acropolis   Athens,  447-­‐432  BCE    
64. 1   .618   Floor  Plan  of  Parthenon,  Interior  of  the  Parthenon  is  a  Golden   Rectangle.  
65. Diagram  of  Parthenon  with  exaggerated  curves  
66. Phidian  ProporEons  and  the  Human  Form  
67. Athena,  Amributed  to  Phidias,  High  Classical,  c.   5th  century  CE  
68. Athena,  Amributed  to  Phidias,   High  Classical,  c.  5th  century   CE  
69. Athena  Parthenos,  (ReconstrucEon),   Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  c.  440   BCE  
70. a   b   Athena  Parthenos,  (ReconstrucEon),   Parthenon,  Acropolis,  Athens,  c.  440  BCE   Statueme  of  the  Athena  Nikophoros,  possible  Roman   copy  of  the  Parthenon  cult  statue,  1st  century  CE.  
71. The  Canon  of  Lysippos   Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos  (The  Scraper),  Roman  Copy  of  a  Greek  Original,   Late  Classical,  4th  century  CE  
72. Polykleitos,  Doryphoros,  5th  c.   Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos,  4th  c.  
73. Polykleitos,  Doryphoros,  5th  c.   Lysippos,  Apoxyomenos,  4th  c.  
74. Tholos  at  Epidauros,  360  BCE  
75. Tholos  at  Epidauros,  360  BCE