Late Antiquity (Spring 2013)

Transcript

1. The  Art  of  Late  An-quity  
   Reading:  
   Stokstad,  214-­‐231  
    
   Range:  
   c.  200  CE-­‐476  CE  
   Late  An1que  
    
   Key  Terms/Concepts:  
   syncre-sm,  catacomb,  narra-ve  
   image,  iconic  image,  orant,  torah  
   niche,  bap-stery,  chi-­‐rho,  
   basilica,  centrally  planned,    
   spolia,  Chris-anity,  Judaism,  
   Mithraism,  prosely-zing,      
    
    
   Key  Monuments:  
     7-­‐2,  Jewish  Catacomb,  Villa  
   Torlonia,  Rome,  3rd  century  
   CE  
     7-­‐7,  Good  Shepherd,  
   Orants,  and  the  Story  of  
   Jonah,  Catacomb  of  SS.  
   Peter  and  Marcellinus,  
   Rome,  Late  3rd-­‐Early  4th  
   century  
     7-­‐3,  The  Par-ng  of  the  Red  
   Sea,  Torah  Niche,  House  
   Synagogue,  Dura  Europos,  
   244-­‐45  CE.  
    
   

   View Slide

2. Reminders  
   •  Mythological  Comparison  is  due  NEXT  
   THURSDAY  April  11.  
   •  Final  Exam  is  on  Tuesday  May    14th  8:00-­‐10:00  
   AM  in  Tivoli  Theater  12.  
   

   View Slide

3. Thesis  Statements…  
   •  …orient  the  reader  to  your  topic  and  how  you  
   will  be  wri-ng  about  it.  
   •  …tells  the  reader  what  they  are  reading,  why  
   they  are  reading,  and  what  they  will  find  out.    
   •  …set  up  your  argument,  judgment,  or  insight  
   you  will  be  providing  the  reader.  
   •  …should  be  specific,  clear,  and  usually  argue  a  
   single  point.  
   

   View Slide

4. Thesis  Statements  
   There  are  many  differences  and  similari-es  between  the  Last  
   Suppers  of  Tintore]o  and  da  Vinci.  
   Weak  
   In  Tintore]o’s  Last  Supper,  food  takes  a  much  more  prominent  
   social  and  narra-ve  role  than  in  da  Vinci’s  Last  Supper.  
   Strongest  
   I  would  like  to  talk  about  the  representa-on  of  food  in  the  da  
   Vinci’s  Last  Supper  and  Tintore]o’s  Last  Supper.  
   Stronger  
   

   View Slide

5. Rome  
   100  CE                                                                          
   of  60  million  people  
   fewer  than  10,000  
   were  Chris-ans.  
   200  CE                                                                        
   of  60  million  people  
   about  200,000  were  
   Chris-ans.  
   312  CE                                                                    
   of  60  million  people  no  
   more  than  5.5  million  
   people  were  Chris-ans.  
   

   View Slide

6. View Slide

7. View Slide

8. View Slide

9. View Slide

10. Syncre-sm  is  the  conscious  or  unconscious  adapta-on  of  
    images  from  one  tradi-on  to  another,  giving  the  image  a  new  
    meaning.  
    

    View Slide

11. Good  Shepherd  
    Peter  
    Marcelinus  
    Iconic  Image  
    lThe  Lord  is  my  shepherd:  
    therefore  can  I  lack  
    nothing.    He  shall  feed  me  
    in  a  green  pasture:  and  
    lead  me  forth  beside  the  
    waters  of  comfort  […]    Yea,  
    though  I  walk  through  the  
    valley  of  the  shadow  of  
    death,  I  will  fear  no  evil:  for  
    thou  art  with  me  […]  thy  
    loving-­‐kindness  and  mercy  
    shall  follow  me  all  the  days  
    of  my  life:  and  I  will  dwell  
    in  the  house  of  the  Lord  for  
    ever.z  
    

    View Slide

12. Syncre-sm  is  the  conscious  or  unconscious  adapta-on  of  
    images  from  one  tradi-on  to  another,  giving  the  image  a  new  
    meaning.  
    

    View Slide

13. View Slide

14. Orant  Figures  
    

    View Slide

15. Dura  Europos,  Syria  
    

    View Slide

16. View Slide

17. House  Church  
    House  Synagogue  
    Mithraeum  
    

    View Slide

18. House  Church  
    House  Synagogue  
    Mithraeum  
    Dura  Europos  
    

    View Slide

19. View Slide

20. View Slide

21. View Slide

22. View Slide

23. View Slide

24. View Slide

25. View Slide

26. House  Church  
    House  Synagogue  
    Mithraeum  
    Dura  Europos  
    Built  c.  300  BCE.    Inhabited  un-l  256  CE.  
    

    View Slide

27. View Slide

28. View Slide

29. View Slide

30. View Slide

31. View Slide

32. View Slide

33. View Slide

34. View Slide

35. House  Church  
    House  Synagogue  
    Mithraeum  
    Dura  Europos  
    Built  c.  300  BCE.    Inhabited  un-l  256  CE.  
    

    View Slide

36. View Slide

37. View Slide

38. View Slide

39. View Slide

40. View Slide

41. Constan-ne  and  Chris-anity  
    “Under  this  sign,  
    conquer.”  
    *Constan-ne  legalizes  Chris-anity  by  signing  
    the  Edict  of  Milan  in  313  CE  
    

    View Slide

42. Constan-ne  and  Chris-anity  
    *This  is  seen  as  a  land  conflict  but  also  a  
    defense  of  the  Chris-ans  by  Constan-ne.  
    Licinius  also  stopped  
    honoring  the  Edict  of  
    Milan,  persecu-ng  
    Chris-ans  in  his  lands.  
    

    View Slide

43. Constan-ne  and  Chris-anity  
    *Throughout  his  reign  Constan-ne  financially  
    supported  both  pagan  and  Chris-an  building  
    projects.  
    Constan-ne  converted  
    to  Chris-anity  on  his  
    deathbed  in  337.  
    

    View Slide

44. Basilicas  
    

    View Slide

45. View Slide

46. Centrally  Planned  Churches  
    

    View Slide

47. View Slide

48. View Slide

49. View Slide

50. John  15:1-­‐17    lI  am  the  true  vine,  and  my  
    Father  is  the  vinedresser…z  
    

    View Slide

51. Chris-anity  under  Theodosius  
    395  CE  
    Theodosius  divides  the  Roman  Empire  
    into  Eastern  and  Western  regions.    
    *Theodosius  I  asserted  Chris-anity  as  the  official  religion  of  
    the  Roman  Empire  in  380  and  ordered  the  dismantlement  
    of  all  pagan  temples  and  monuments  in  391.    
    Theodosius  I  (379-­‐395)  
    

    View Slide

52. Chris-anity  aoer  Theodosius  
    395  CE  
    Theodosius  divides  the  Roman  Empire  
    into  Eastern  and  Western  regions.    
    *The  successors  of  Theodosius  I    con-nued  to  
    strengthen  Chris-anity  as  a  powerful  force  in  
    both  the  East  and  the  West.  
    Honorius  I  (395-­‐423)  
    Byzan-ne  Empire  
    

    View Slide

53. View Slide

54. Spolia  
    

    View Slide

55. Santa  Maria  Maggiore,  Rome,  c.  432-­‐440.  
    

    View Slide

56. The  mosaics  are  one  of  the  
    few  recognizably  5th  century  
    elements  remaining.  
    

    View Slide

57. View Slide

58. View Slide

59. View Slide

60. The  Fall  of  the  Western  Empire  
    395  CE  
    Theodosius  divides  the  Roman  Empire  
    into  Eastern  and  Western  regions.    
    *By  476,  all  of  Italy  was  under  the  control  of  the  Ostrogoths.  
    Byzan-ne  Empire  
    410  
    418  
    402  
    476  
    

    View Slide

61. The  Conquest  of  the  West  
    Byzan-ne  Empire  
    “An  able  Goth  wants  to  be  like  a  Roman;  only  a  
    poor  Roman  would  want  to  be  like  a  Goth.”  
     –Theodoric,  King  of  the  Visigoths  
    

    View Slide

62. Cri-cal  Thinking  Ques-ons  
    1.  What  role  did  Constan-ne  and  Theodosius  
    play  in  the  art  and  religion  of  the  late  Roman  
    Empire?  
    2.  What  is  syncre-sm?    How  is  it  used  in  early  
    Chris-an  and  Jewish  art?  
    3.  What  is  spolia?    How  does  it  manifest  in  Late  
    An-quity?  
    4.  How  does  the  basilica  change  in  Late  
    An-quity?  
    

    View Slide