Modern Abstraction: Fauvism, Expressionism, and Cubism

Transcript

1. Modern  Abstrac.on:    
   Fauvism,  Expressionism,  Cubism  
   Reading:  
   Ar,orms,  354-­‐364  
    
   Range:  
   1900-­‐1915  
   Fauvism,  Expressionism,  Cubism  
    
   Terms/Concepts:  
   Abstrac.on,  Modernism,  primi.vism,  
   Die  Brücke  (The  Bridge),  Der  Blaue  
   Reiter  (The  Blue  Rider),  spiritualism,  
   Arnold  Schoenberg,  Primi.vism,  
   Synthe.c  Cubism,  Analy.c  Cubism,  
   Papier  Colle,    Assemblage,    
   Key  Monuments:  
     21.2  Henri  Ma.sse,  Le  Bonheur  
   de  Vivre  (The  Joy  of  Life),  
   1905-­‐1906.  
     21.4  Ernst  Ludwig  Kirchner,  
   Street,  Berlin,  1913.  
     21.7  Vassily  Kandinsky,  
   ComposiJon  IV,  1911.  
     21.8  Pablo  Picasso,  Les  
   Demoiselles  d’Avignon,  1907.  
     21.12  Georges  Braque,  Houses  at  
   l’Estaque,  1908.  
   

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2. Reminders…  
   Quiz  5  Due:  TODAY  Thursday  April  25th  
    
   Abstrac.on  Reac.on  Due:  Thursday  May  2nd  
    
   Responses  Due:  Thursday  May  9th  
    
   Final  Exam:  Thursday  May  16th  12:30-­‐2:30  PM  
    
   Study  Guide  is  now  available  on  Blackboard.
    
   

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3. April  30—May  3rd  
   

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5. Vincent van Gogh. The Starry Night. 1889.
   

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6. “I  am  down  but  not  yet  
   vanquished.  Is  the  Indian  who  
   smiles  under  torture  
   vanquished?  Empha.cally  the  
   savage  is  beber  than  we  are.  
   You  were  mistaken  in  saying  
   that  I  was  wrong  to  call  myself  
   a  savage.  This  is  nevertheless  
   true:  I  am  a  savage.  And  
   civilized  people  have  an  inkling  
   of  this,  for  in  my  works  there  is  
   nothing  that  surprises  or  
   upsets  if  it  is  not  this  “savage  
   in  spite  of  myself.”  This  is  why  
   it  is  inimitable.”  
   

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7. 40˚
   40˚
   50˚
   Vienna
   Graz
   Budapest
   Szolnok
   Nagybánya
   (Baia Mare)
   Prague Cracow
   Brussels
   Darmstadt
   Ostend
   Newlyn
   St Nazaire
   Brighton
   Southampton
   Hvitträsk Kirkkonummi
   (Gesellius, Lindgren, Saarinen 1901-19)
   Kalela Ruovesi (Gallen-Kallela 1894-95)
   Tuomiokirkko Tampere (Sonck 1899-1907)
   Mikaelin Kirkko
   (Sonck 1900)
   Biology Museum
   (Lindegren 1893)
   Sundborn
   (C. & K. Larsson
   1884-1912)
   Villa Stuck (1897-98)
   Elvira Studios (Endell)
   Haarlem
   Worpswede
   Bremen
   Skagen
   Paris
   Nantes
   Guise
   Fontainebleau
   Barbizon
   Lyon
   St Étienne
   San Sebastián
   Bilbao
   Oviedo
   Lisbon
   Geneva
   Barcelona
   Cape Trafalgar
   Oporto
   Le Havre
   Pont-Aven Nancy
   Antwerp
   Liège
   Cologne
   Amsterdam
   Rotterdam
   Scheveningen
   Walberswick
   Hamburg
   Hanover
   Copenhagen
   Malmö
   Christiania (Oslo)
   Bergen
   Stockholm
   Uppsala
   Helsingfors
   (Helsinki)
   Riga
   Åbo (Turku)
   Karelia
   St Petersburg
   Moscow
   Abramtsevo
   Tula
   Gorlovka
   Dresden
   Frankfurt
   Fürth
   Stuttgart
   Nuremberg
   Lódz
   Warsaw
   Munich
   Füssen
   Florence
   Verona
   Venice
   Trieste
   Milan
   Turin
   Genoa
   Rome
   Berlin
   Danzig
   Stettin
   Birmingham
   Wolverhampton
   Oxford
   Merton Abbey
   Manchester
   Edinburgh
   Newcastle (Tyne)
   Aberdeen
   Stockton
   Salts Mill
   (1853)
   Glasgow
   Kilmalcolm
   Clyde
   Dublin Liverpool
   Barrow-in-Furness
   Darlington
   London
   Compton
   Bristol
   Belfast
   ´
   Clifton Suspension
   Bridge (Brunel 1829-54)
   Menai Road Bridge
   (Telford 1818-26)
   Forth Railway Bridge
   (Fowler, Baker 1881-90)
   Hack Kampmann
   Diplon (1892)
   Saltash, Royal Albert
   Bridge (Brunel 1859)
   Ponte Maria Pia
   (Eiffel 1877)
   Glasgow
   School of Art
   (Mackintosh)
   Postal Savings Bank
   (Lechner 1898-1901)
   Secession
   Building
   (Olbrich 1898)
   Central Hotel
   (Ohmann 1899-1901)
   Casa Castiglione
   (Sommaruga 1900-03)
   Sagrada Familia
   (Gaudí 1883-)
   Duero
   Tagus
   Ebro
   Rhône
   Po
   Loire
   S
   eine
   Rhine
   Elbe
   Vistula
   Oder
   Dnieper
   Dniester
   Danube
   D
   on
   A T L A N T I C
   O C E A N
   N O R T H
   S E A
   B L A C K S E A
   M E D I T E R
   R
   A
   N
   A
   D
   R
   I A
   T
   I C
   S E A
   BA
   LT I C
   S E A
   Mt Etna
   Mt Vesuvius
   SCOTTISH
   HIGHLANDS
   P
   Y
   R E N E E S
   A L P S
   CARPATH
   IA
   N
   M
   T
   S
   RÜGEN
   SICILY
   B A
   L E A R I C I S
   CORSICA
   SARDINIA
   UNITED
   KINGDOM
   F R A N C E
   S PA I N
   G E R M A N
   E M P I R E
   F I N L A N D
   DENMARK
   A U S T R O - H U N G A R I A N
   E M P I R E
   R U S S I A N
   E M P I R E
   SWITZERLAND
   SERBIA
   GREECE
   MONTENEGRO
   P O R T U G A L
   R
   O
   M
   ANIA
   O T T O M A N E M P I R E
   N O R W
   A Y
   S W E D E N
   (Friedrich, Runge)
   Oesterbrogade housing
   project (Boliger 1853-55)
   Grosset House
   (Kampff,
   Scherwinsky 1899)
   Eylau (Gros 1807)
   Crimea (Butler, Fenton 1854)
   Piedmont
   Alsace Lorraine
   (Rodin, Détaille 1870)
   Galeria
   (Mengoni 1865)
   Viaduc Garabit
   (Eiffel 1877)
   Santa Justa Lift
   (Eiffel 1898-1901)
   (Vulcanists,
   Neptunists, Girondet)
   (Turner, Ruskin, Hodler)
   (Turner, Benjamin West)
   9
   4
   2
   5
   21
   19
   10
   20
   22
   13
   18
   1215
   30
   23, 24
   25
   17
   7
   6
   28
   29
   16
   14
   27
   31
   11
   1
   3
   26
   8
   N
   0
   0
   200 miles
   300 kms
   1 Europe 1800-1900
   controlled directly from Paris, c. 1810
   controlled by members of
   Napoleon’s family, c. 1810
   other states dependent on
   Napoleonic empire, c. 1810
   international borders, 1871
   industrial area
   first railways
   artistic colony
   Romantic site
   battle zone
   industrial/utopian architecture
   shipyard
   bridge
   Art Nouveau building
   Royal Pavilion (Nash 1815-22)
   East Bergholt (Constable)
   R. Stour (Constable)
   Dedham (Constable)
   Fonthill Abbey (Beckford 1796)
   Salisbury Cathedral (Turner, Constable)
   Abbotsford (Walter Scott’s castle)
   Shoreham (Palmer)
   Cologne Cathedral (Schinkel 1824-80)
   Walhalla Donaustauf (von Klenze 1814-42)
   Neuschwanstein Castle (Riedel, Jank,
   Dollmann, Hoffmann 1868-92)
   Uppsala University botanical
   collections (Runge, Friedrich)
   Port Sunlight (Lever, Owen 1887-1900)
   Glasshouse (Kibble 1860)
   Iron Building (Baird 1855-56)
   Chiswick, Great Conservatory,
   Syon house (Fowler 1820-27)
   Kew Palm House (Turner, Burton 1845-47)
   University Museum
   (Woodward, Ruskin 1855-60)
   Communal housing (Familistère 1859-70)
   Deptford
   Horta and van de Velde houses
   Liberal Volkhuis ‘Help U Zelve’ (1898)
   Art Nouveau Wijk (c. 1900)
   Watts Memorial Chapel (1897)
   L. Windermere, Broadleys Gill Head
   (Voysey 1898-1900)
   Hale, Halecroft (1890)
   Windy Hill (Mackintosh 1899-1901)
   Knutsford, (Richard Harding
   Watt 1895-1908)
   Bexleyheath, The Red House
   (Webb, Morris 1859-60)
   Chiswick, Bedford Park, South Parade
   (Shaw 1874-90, Voysey 1889-94)
   Sanderson and Sons Wallpaper Factory
   (Voysey 1900-02)
   Harrow Weald, Grims Dyke (Shaw 1870-72)
   Wightwick Manor (Ould 1887-93)
   Maison Hennebique (1900-04)
   Maison Coilliot Lille (Guimard 1898-1900)
   Villa Majorelle (Sauvage 1900-01)
   Alexandraweg (Olbrich, Glückert,
   Behrens 1899-1901)
   De Beurs (Berlage 1897-1903)
   American Hotel & Cafe
   (Kromhout 1898-1901)
   Menier Factory (Saunier 1869-74)
   1 -
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10. Paul  Gauguin,  The  Vision  APer  the  Sermon,  1888.  
    

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11. Paul  Gauguin,  The  Vision  APer  the  Sermon,  1888.  
    

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12. Paul  Gauguin,  The  Vision  APer  the  Sermon,  1888.  
    “I  believe  that  in  these  figures  I  have  achieved  a  great  rus.c  and  
    supers..ous  simplicity.    To  me  in  this  pain.ng  the  landscape  and  the  
    struggle  exist  only  in  the  imagina.on  of  these  praying  people  as  a  
    result  of  the  sermon.    That  is  why  there  is  a  contrast  between  these  
    real  people  and  the  struggle  which  takes  place  in  a  landscape  which  
    is  not  real,  and  is  out  of  all  propor.on.”  
    

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14. “An  ar.st  has  no  home  in  Europe  
    except  in  Paris.”  
    -­‐Friedrich  Nietzsche    
    

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15. Les  Fauves:  “The  Wild  Beasts”  
     
    “What  characterized  
    fauvism  was  that  we  
    rejected  imita.ve  colors,  
    and  that  with  pure  colors  
    we  obtained  stronger  
    reac.ons.”  
    -­‐Henri  Ma.sse  
     
    

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16. Henri  Ma.sse,  Le  Bonheur  de  Vivre  (The  Joy  of  Life),  
    1905-­‐1906.  
    

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17. Henri  Ma.sse,  Le  Bonheur  de  Vivre  (The  Joy  of  Life),  
    1905-­‐1906.  
    

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18. Henri  Ma.sse,  Dance  (1),  1909  
    

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19. Henri  Ma.sse,  Le  Bonheur  de  Vivre  (The  Joy  of  Life),  
    1905-­‐1906.  
    

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20. Henri  Ma.sse,  Le  Bonheur  de  Vivre  (The  Joy  of  Life),  
    1905-­‐1906.  
    

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21. Henri  Ma.sse,  Le  Bonheur  de  Vivre  (The  Joy  of  Life),  
    1905-­‐1906.  
    

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22. Henri  Ma.sse,  Study  for  Le  Bonheur  de  Vivre  (The  Joy  
    of  Life),  1905-­‐1906.  
    

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24. c.  1775  
    

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25. c.  1815  
    

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26. c.  1867-­‐1870  
    

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27. c.  1871  
    

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28. German  Expressionism  
    Die  Brücke   Der  Blaue  Reiter  
    

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29. Die  Brücke  
    “With  faith  in  progress  and  in  a  
    new  genera.on  of  creators  
    and  spectators  we  call  
    together  all  youth.    As  youth,  
    we  carry  the  future  and  want  
    to  create  for  ourselves  
    freedom  of  life  and  of  
    movement  against  the  long-­‐
    established  older  forces.    
    Everyone  who  reproduces  that  
    which  drives  him  to  crea.on  
    with  directness  and  
    authen.city.”    
    

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30. Ernst  Ludwig  Kirchner,  
    Street,  Berlin,  1913.  
    

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31. Ernst  Ludwig  Kirchner,  Street,  Berlin,  1913.  
    

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32. Ernst  Ludwig  Kirchner,  Street,  Berlin,  1913.  
    

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33. Ernst  Ludwig  Kirchner,  Street,  Berlin,  1913.  
    

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34. Der  Blaue  Reiter  
    “By  founding  this  
    associa6on,  we  are  
    hoping  to  give  material  
    shape  to  the  spiritual  
    kinship  between  ar6sts,  
    form  that  will  give  us  
    occasion  to  address  the  
    public  with  joint  forces.”  
    -­‐Vassily  Kandinsky    
    

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35. St.  George,  the  “Blue  Knight”  on  
    Moscow’s  Crest  
    Vassily  Kandinsky,  St.  George  and  the  
    Dragon,  c.  1915  
    

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36. 21.7  Vassily  Kandinsky,  ComposiJon  IV,  
    1911.  
    

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37. 10˚ 0˚ 10˚ 20˚ 30˚
    40˚
    50˚
    Châtou
    Collioure
    St Tropez
    Marseille
    Trouville
    Paris
    L'Estaque
    Milan
    London
    Dresden
    Munich
    Oslo
    Murnau
    Stampa
    Vienna
    Church of Notre Dame
    (Perret 1922-23)
    Villa Savoye
    (Le Corbusier 1929-31)
    Moscow
    Melnikov House
    (Melnikov 1929)
    Notre Dame du Haut
    (Le Corbusier 1950-54)
    Ronchamp
    Eveux sur l'Arbresle
    Worpswede
    Zurich
    Cologne
    Hanover
    Barcelona
    Migration to USA
    Duchamp from France 1915
    Ernst from France 1941
    Grosz from Germany 1932
    Albers from Germany 1933
    Gropius from Germany 1937
    Moholy-Nagy from Germany 1937
    Mies van der Rohe from Germany 1938
    Mondrian from Netherlands 1940
    Amsterdam
    Florence
    Ferrara
    St Petersburg
    Copenhagen
    Düsseldorf
    Liverpool
    St Ives
    Brussels
    House
    (Whiteread 1993)
    Târgu-Jiu
    Puppy (Koons 1997)
    Vitebsk
    Gris Madrid
    Ernst
    Giacometti
    Brancusi
    Bilbao
    Construction for the
    Bijenkorf Department store
    (Gabo 1954-57)
    Gateshead
    Angel of the North
    (Gormley 1998)
    Stockholm
    Moderna Museet
    (1958)
    Venice
    Livorno
    Rome
    Mondrian
    Rotterdam
    Utrecht
    Berlin
    Budapest
    Brno
    Le Raincy
    Poissy
    Sightpoint
    (Serra 1971-75)
    Endless Column
    (Brancusi 1937)
    Trellick Tower
    (Goldfinger 1972)
    Palais Stoclet
    (Hoffmann 1905-11)
    Schröder House
    (Rietveld 1923-24)
    Tugendhat House
    (Mies van der Rohe 1930)
    Steiner House
    (Loos 1910)
    Unité d’Habitation
    (Le Corbusier 1945-52)
    Cathedral of Christ the King
    (Gibberd 1967)
    Monastery of Ste Marie de laTourette
    (Le Corbusier 1953-9)
    Tate Gallery
    Tate Gallery
    Tate Modern
    (Herzog & de Meuron 2000)
    Guggenheim Museum
    Pompidou Centre
    (Rogers & Piano 1971-77)
    Guggenheim Museum
    (Gehry 1997)
    Guggenheim
    Museum
    (1951)
    Goncharova, Kandinsky, Larionov
    Chagall
    Severini
    Modigliani
    Miró, Picasso
    Graveyard of Fallen Monuments
    Szoborpark
    Tham
    e
    s
    Seine
    Loire
    Po
    Rhône
    Ebro
    Gar
    onne
    Duero
    Rhine
    Elbe
    Oder
    Volga
    Vistula
    Danube
    Dniester
    Dnieper
    Tagus
    Me
    use
    N O R T H
    S E A
    BA LT I C
    S E A
    A
    D
    R
    IA
    TIC
    SEA
    B L A C K
    S E A
    B A Y O F
    B I S C A Y
    M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
    A T L A N T I C
    O C E A N
    P Y R E N E E S
    A
    L P S
    B A L K A N M T S.
    CA
    R PA
    T
    IAN
    M T S
    D
    I N
    A
    R
    I C
    A L P S
    S I C I LY
    CORSICA
    SARDINIA
    B A
    L E A R I C I S .
    A F R I C A
    UNITED
    KINGDOM
    IRELAND
    F R A N C E
    S P A I N
    I TA LY
    GREECE
    T U R K E Y
    MACE-
    DONIA
    BELGIUM
    SWITZ.
    LUX.
    NETH.
    DENMARK
    N O R W AY
    S W E D E N
    FINLAND
    ESTONIA
    LATVIA
    LITHUANIA
    RUSS. FED BELORUSSIA
    R U S S I A N
    F E D E R A T I O N
    U K R A I N E
    P O L A N D
    CZECH
    REPUBLIC
    SLOVAKIA
    R O M A N I A
    B U L G A R I A
    SLOVENIA
    CROATIA
    BOSNIA &
    HERZEGOVINA
    A U S T R I A
    H U N G A R Y
    G E R M A N Y
    YUGO
    S
    LAVIA
    ALBANIA
    P O R T U G A L
    M
    OLDAVIA
    N
    0
    0
    200 miles
    300 kms
    1 Europe, 1900-2000
    centres associated with Fauvism
    centres associated with Cubism
    centres associated with Futurism
    centres associated with Expressionism
    centres associated with Dada
    centres associated with Surrealism
    centres associated with de Stijl
    centres associated with
    Metaphysical painting
    centres associated with Constructivism
    centres associated with CoBra
    centres associated with Fluxus
    religious architecture
    domestic architecture
    museum/gallery of modern art
    public monument
    open air sculpture park
    artist/architect moving to Paris
    artist/architect moving to USA
    

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38. Malaga  
    Madrid  
    Barcelona  
    Paris  
    c.  1888  
    c.  1896  c.  1900  
    c.  1904  
    Pablo  Picasso,  First  
    Communion,  1896.  
    .
    erns and brothels in late-19th century Barcelona
    is clearly marked by strong thick brushstrokes, as
    separated, placing itself precisely to the fore and
    e nude which is to mark out the venue’s brothel
    ar again in Picasso's work - La Celestina (The
    n the sofa, it is the old inquisitive-looking procuress
    Pablo  Picasso,  The  Divan,  1899.  
    Pablo  Picasso,  Moulin  de  la  Galebe,  
    1900.  
    

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39. “Bateau  Lavoir”  
    

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40. Pablo  Picasso,  Family  of  SalJmbanques,  1905.  
    “Rose  Period”  
    

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41. Colonial  Africa  Map  
    Almost  all  of  Africa  was  
    colonized  by  the  
    beginning  of  the  20th  
    century  
    

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42. Members  of  Raiding  Party  with  their  “loot”,  Palace  of  the  Oba,  Benin,  
    1897.  
    

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43. Collec.ons  of  the  Musee  d’Ethnographie  du  
    Trocadero  (now  Musee  Quai  Branly),  c.  1931.  
    

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44. Vo.ve  statue  of  an  African  “Voodoo”  god  
    at  the  Musee  d’Ethnographie  du  Trocadero  
    (now  the  Musee  du  Quai  Branly),  c.  1900.  
    Pablo  Picasso  in  his  Studio  with  works  of  African  
    and  Oceanic  Art,  Bateau-­‐Lavoir,  Paris,  1908.    
     
    

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45. “I  grasped  why  I  
    was  a  painter.  All  
    alone  in  that  
    museum,  
    surrounded  by  
    masks,  Red  Indian  
    dolls,  dummies  
    covered  with  dust.”    
    

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46. Pablo  Picasso,  Bull:  Stages  I-­‐VIII,  1945.  
     
    “Bison”  or  Aurochs,  Altamira,  Spain,  12,500  
    BCE  
    “Aler  Altamira,  all  is  decadence.”  
    

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47. Man  Ray.  Femme  et  
    sculpture  d'une  reine  
    babwa  (Cameroun),  before  
    1930.    
    

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48. Pablo  Picasso,  Les  Demoiselles  d’Avignon,  1907.  
    

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49. Picasso,  c.  1907   Bouguereau,  c.  1870  
    Ingres,  c.  1848  
    

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50. Paul  Cezanne,  The  Bathers,  c.  1885-­‐87    
    

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51. Pablo  Picasso,  Bathers  in  the  Forest,  1908.  
    

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52. Paul  Cezanne,  The  Large  Bathers,  1906.  
    

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53. Picasso,  c.  1907   Cezanne,  c.  1885-­‐1887   Ma.sse,  1906.  
    

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54. Pablo  Picasso,  Les  Demoiselles  d’Avignon,  1907.  
    

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55. Picasso,  c.  1907   Greek,  600  BCE   Egypt,  c.  1000  BCE   Persia,  c.  520  BCE.  
    

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56. Pablo  Picasso,  Les  Demoiselles  d’Avignon,  1907.  
    

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57. Pablo  Picasso,  Les  Demoiselles  d’Avignon,  1907.  
    

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58. Mask, Etoumbi region, People`s Rebublic of
    the Congo. Wood, 14z. Musée Barbier-Müller,
    Geneva.
    

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59. Dama  del  Cerro  de  Los  Santos,  
    Albacete,  Spain,  4th  century  BCE  
    Pablo  Picasso,  Demoiselles  
    d’Avignon,  1907.  
    

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