Auralization of road vehicles using spectral modeling synthesis

Masters Thesis presentation on auralization of road vehicles using spectral modeling synthesis

Transcript

1. Auralization of road
   vehicles using spectral
   modeling synthesis
   Chinmay Pendharkar,
   Applied Acoustics, Chalmers, 2011
   Monday, April 8, 13
   

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2. • LISTEN Project
   • Auralization
   • Sound Synthesis
   • Spectral Modeling Synthesis (SMS)
   • SMS Implementation for Vehicle Sounds
   • Listening Test
   • Results and Analysis
   • Q & A
   Organization
   Monday, April 8, 13
   

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3. LISTEN Project
   Monday, April 8, 13
   

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4. LISTEN Project
   • Collaboration - KTH, Konstfack, SU, II.
   Monday, April 8, 13
   

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5. LISTEN Project
   • Collaboration - KTH, Konstfack, SU, II.
   • Software Demonstrator/Simulator
   Monday, April 8, 13
   

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6. LISTEN Project
   • Collaboration - KTH, Konstfack, SU, II.
   • Software Demonstrator/Simulator
   • Qualitative listening of urban soundscapes
   Monday, April 8, 13
   

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7. LISTEN Demonstrator
   Monday, April 8, 13
   

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8. LISTEN Demonstrator
   • Auralization of Urban Soundscapes
   Monday, April 8, 13
   

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9. LISTEN Demonstrator
   • Auralization of Urban Soundscapes
   • Qualitative vs Quantitative Analysis
   Monday, April 8, 13
   

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10. LISTEN Demonstrator
    • Auralization of Urban Soundscapes
    • Qualitative vs Quantitative Analysis
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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11. Auralization
    • Source + Propagation
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12. Auralization
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13. Auralization
    • Source Modeling
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14. Auralization
    • Source Modeling
    • Vehicles as sound sources.
    • Amplitude / Level
    • Frequency
    • Directivity
    • Non-Stationary sound.
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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15. Auralization
    • Recordings - Large and Inflexible
    • 6 seconds - 853KB
    • For each velocity, vehicle type, ...
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16. Auralization
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17. Auralization
    • What if..?
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18. Auralization
    • What if..?
    • Extract the important ‘features’
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19. Auralization
    • What if..?
    • Extract the important ‘features’
    • Calculate waveforms ‘on the fly’
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20. Auralization
    • What if..?
    • Extract the important ‘features’
    • Calculate waveforms ‘on the fly’
    • Parameters to change the sound
    Vehicle
    Model
    Speed
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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21. Sound Synthesis
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22. Sound Synthesis
    • Electronic Generation of Audio Waveforms
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23. Sound Synthesis
    • Electronic Generation of Audio Waveforms
    • Model to Waveform
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24. Sound Synthesis
    • Electronic Generation of Audio Waveforms
    • Model to Waveform
    • Computer Music Origin
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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25. Sound Synthesis
    • Electronic Generation of Audio Waveforms
    • Model to Waveform
    • Computer Music Origin
    • Current Uses
    • Electronic Music Production,
    • Games
    • Interactive Media
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26. Sound Synthesis
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27. Sound Synthesis
    • Flexible Model
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28. Sound Synthesis
    • Flexible
    • Real Time
    Model
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29. Sound Synthesis
    • Flexible
    • Real Time
    • Low Memory Requirement
    Model
    ~10KB vs 1MB
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30. Sound Synthesis
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31. Sound Synthesis
    • Types
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32. Sound Synthesis
    • Types
    • Additive Synthesis
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33. Sound Synthesis
    • Types
    • Additive Synthesis
    • Frequency Modulation Synthesis
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34. Sound Synthesis
    • Types
    • Additive Synthesis
    • Frequency Modulation Synthesis
    • Physical Synthesis
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35. Sound Synthesis
    • Types
    • Additive Synthesis
    • Frequency Modulation Synthesis
    • Physical Synthesis
    • Spectral Modeling Synthesis
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36. Sound Synthesis
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37. Sound Synthesis
    • Vehicle Sounds
    • Tonal Component - Engine Noise
    • Noise Component - Tyre Noise
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38. Sound Synthesis
    • Vehicle Sounds
    • Tonal Component - Engine Noise
    • Noise Component - Tyre Noise
    • Non - Stationary
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39. Spectral Modeling
    Synthesis (SMS)
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40. Spectral Modeling
    Synthesis (SMS)
    • Xavier Serra and Julius Smith, 1990
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41. Spectral Modeling
    Synthesis (SMS)
    • Xavier Serra and Julius Smith, 1990
    • Modeling musical instruments
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42. Spectral Modeling
    Synthesis (SMS)
    • Xavier Serra and Julius Smith, 1990
    • Modeling musical instruments
    • Deterministic + Stochastic Decomposition
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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43. Spectral Modeling
    Synthesis (SMS)
    • Xavier Serra and Julius Smith, 1990
    • Modeling musical instruments
    • Deterministic + Stochastic Decomposition
    • Tonal Sounds + Noise
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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44. SMS Demo
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45. SMS Demo
    • Original
    • Tonal (Deterministic)
    • Noise (Stochastic)
    • ReSynthesis
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46. SMS Demo
    • Original
    • Tonal (Deterministic)
    • Noise (Stochastic)
    • ReSynthesis
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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47. SMS Demo
    • Original
    • Tonal (Deterministic)
    • Noise (Stochastic)
    • ReSynthesis
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48. SMS Demo
    • Original
    • Tonal (Deterministic)
    • Noise (Stochastic)
    • ReSynthesis
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49. SMS Demo
    • Original
    • Tonal (Deterministic)
    • Noise (Stochastic)
    • ReSynthesis
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50. • LISTEN Project
    • Auralization
    • Sound Synthesis
    • Spectral Modeling Synthesis (SMS)
    • SMS Implementation for Vehicle Sounds
    • Listening Test
    • Results and Analysis
    • Q & A
    Organization
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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51. SMS Algorithm
    STFT
    Analysis
    Original
    Audio
    Peak
    Detection
    Peak
    Tracking
    Peak
    Trajectories
    Tonal
    ReSynth
    Residual
    Audio
    Residual
    Parameterization
    Residual
    Parameters
    Noise
    ReSynth
    ReSynth
    Audio
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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52. SMS Algorithm
    STFT
    Analysis
    Original
    Audio
    Peak
    Detection
    Peak
    Tracking
    Peak
    Trajectories
    Tonal
    ReSynth
    Residual
    Audio
    Residual
    Parameterization
    Residual
    Parameters
    Noise
    ReSynth
    ReSynth
    Audio
    Tonal Analysis
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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53. SMS Algorithm
    STFT
    Analysis
    Original
    Audio
    Peak
    Detection
    Peak
    Tracking
    Peak
    Trajectories
    Tonal
    ReSynth
    Residual
    Audio
    Residual
    Parameterization
    Residual
    Parameters
    Noise
    ReSynth
    ReSynth
    Audio
    Tonal Analysis
    Noise Analysis
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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54. SMS Algorithm
    STFT
    Analysis
    Original
    Audio
    Peak
    Detection
    Peak
    Tracking
    Peak
    Trajectories
    Tonal
    ReSynth
    Residual
    Audio
    Residual
    Parameterization
    Residual
    Parameters
    Noise
    ReSynth
    ReSynth
    Audio
    Tonal Analysis
    Noise Analysis
    Synthesis
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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55. SMS Algorithm
    Tonal Analysis
    • Original Audio - Peak Trajectories
    STFT
    Analysis
    Original
    Audio
    Peak
    Detection
    Peak
    Tracking
    Peak
    Trajectories
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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56. SMS Algorithm
    STFT
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57. SMS Algorithm
    STFT
    • Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT)
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58. SMS Algorithm
    STFT
    • Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT)
    • Fourier Analysis of Short Time Instances
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59. SMS Algorithm
    STFT
    • Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT)
    • Fourier Analysis of Short Time Instances
    • Sliding Window Analysis
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60. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Detection
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61. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Detection
    • Gradient Based Detection
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62. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Detection
    • Gradient Based Detection
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63. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Detection
    • Gradient Based Detection
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64. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Detection
    • Gradient Based Detection
    • Interpolation due to DFT Sampling.
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65. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Detection
    • Gradient Based Detection
    • Interpolation due to DFT Sampling.
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66. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Tracking
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67. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Tracking
    • Frequency Guides - Peak Trajectories
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68. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Tracking
    • Frequency Guides - Peak Trajectories
    • Gradually Varying Sinusoids
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69. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Tracking
    • Frequency Guides - Peak Trajectories
    • Gradually Varying Sinusoids
    • Doppler Shift
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70. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Tracking
    • Frequency Guides - Peak Trajectories
    • Gradually Varying Sinusoids
    • Doppler Shift
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71. SMS Algorithm
    Peak Trajectories
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72. SMS Algorithm
    Noise Analysis
    • Original Audio & Tonal Synthesis - Residual
    Parameters
    Original
    Audio
    Peak
    Trajectories
    Tonal
    ReSynth
    Residual
    Audio
    Residual
    Parameterization
    Residual
    Parameters
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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73. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Calculation
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74. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Calculation
    • Original - Tonal = Residual
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75. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Calculation
    • Original - Tonal = Residual
    • Spectrum Subtraction
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76. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Calculation
    • Original - Tonal = Residual
    • Spectrum Subtraction
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77. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Parameterization
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78. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Parameterization
    • Perceptual Model
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79. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Parameterization
    • Perceptual Model
    • Noise Energy per Critical Band
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80. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Parameterization
    • Perceptual Model
    • Noise Energy per Critical Band
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81. SMS Algorithm -
    Residual Parameters
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82. SMS Algorithm
    Complete Model
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83. SMS Algorithm
    Complete Model
    • Peak Trajectories
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84. SMS Algorithm
    Complete Model
    • Peak Trajectories
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85. SMS Algorithm
    Complete Model
    • Peak Trajectories
    • Residual Parameters
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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86. SMS Algorithm
    Complete Model
    • Peak Trajectories
    • Residual Parameters
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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87. SMS Algorithm
    Complete Model
    • Peak Trajectories
    • Residual Parameters
    6 seconds - 80KB
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88. SMS Algorithm
    Synthesis
    • Peak Trajectories - Tonal Sound
    • Residual Parameters - Noise
    Peak
    Trajectories
    Tonal
    ReSynth
    Residual
    Parameters
    Noise
    ReSynth
    ReSynth
    Audio
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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89. SMS Algorithm
    Tonal Synthesis
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90. SMS Algorithm
    Tonal Synthesis
    • Peak Trajectories - Sinusoid Waveform
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91. SMS Algorithm
    Tonal Synthesis
    • Peak Trajectories - Sinusoid Waveform
    • x[n] = A[n]*cos(w[n])
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92. SMS Algorithm
    Tonal Synthesis
    • Peak Trajectories - Sinusoid Waveform
    • x[n] = A[n]*cos(w[n])
    + +
    = =
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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93. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Synthesis
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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94. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Synthesis
    • Residual Parameters - Noise
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95. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Synthesis
    • Residual Parameters - Noise
    • Interpolation
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96. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Synthesis
    • Residual Parameters - Noise
    • Interpolation
    • Random Phase Assignment
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97. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Synthesis
    • Residual Parameters - Noise
    • Interpolation
    • Random Phase Assignment
    • Inverse Fourier Transform
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98. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Synthesis
    • Residual Parameters - Noise
    • Interpolation
    • Random Phase Assignment
    • Inverse Fourier Transform
    • Overlap and Add Synthesis
    Monday, April 8, 13
    

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99. SMS Algorithm
    Residual Synthesis
    • Overlap and Add Synthesis
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100. SMS Algorithm
     STFT
     Analysis
     Original
     Audio
     Peak
     Detection
     Peak
     Tracking
     Peak
     Trajectories
     Tonal
     ReSynth
     Residual
     Audio
     Residual
     Parameterization
     Residual
     Parameters
     Noise
     ReSynth
     ReSynth
     Audio
     Tonal Analysis
     Noise Analysis
     Synthesis
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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101. • LISTEN Project
     • Auralization
     • Sound Synthesis
     • Spectral Modeling Synthesis (SMS)
     • SMS Implementation for Vehicle Sounds
     • Listening Test
     • Results and Analysis
     • Q & A
     Organization
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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102. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
     • Multi Pass Analysis
     • Trajectory Energy Filtering
     • Residual parameter smoothing
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103. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
     • Multi Pass Analysis
     • Analysis Window - Frequency Dependence
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104. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
     • Multi Pass Analysis - Pyramid Analysis
     • Vary window length for each ‘Pass’
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105. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
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106. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
     • Multi Pass Analysis
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107. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
     • Multi Pass Analysis
     • Frequency band - Pass
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108. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
     • Multi Pass Analysis
     • Frequency band - Pass
     Pass 1
     Pass 2
     Pass 3
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109. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
     • Trajectory Energy Filtering
     • Too many trajectories - Filter by ‘Importance’
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110. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
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111. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
     • Fluctuating Residual Parameter
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112. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
     • Fluctuating Residual Parameter
     • Smoothen
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113. SMS for Vehicle Sounds
     • Fluctuating Residual Parameter
     • Smoothen
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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114. SMS on Vehicle Sounds
     • Bus (39km/h)
     • Original
     • Tonal
     • Noise
     • ReSynth
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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115. SMS on Vehicle Sounds
     • Bus (39km/h)
     • Original
     • Tonal
     • Noise
     • ReSynth
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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116. SMS on Vehicle Sounds
     • Bus (39km/h)
     • Original
     • Tonal
     • Noise
     • ReSynth
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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117. SMS on Vehicle Sounds
     • Bus (39km/h)
     • Original
     • Tonal
     • Noise
     • ReSynth
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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118. SMS on Vehicle Sounds
     • Bus (39km/h)
     • Original
     • Tonal
     • Noise
     • ReSynth
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119. SMS on Vehicle Sounds
     • Open Astra (45 km/h)
     • Volvo V70 (50 km/h)
     • IV Medium-Heavy (40km/h)
     • Bus (86km/h)
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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120. SMS on Vehicle Sounds
     • Open Astra (45 km/h)
     • Volvo V70 (50 km/h)
     • IV Medium-Heavy (40km/h)
     • Bus (86km/h)
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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121. SMS on Vehicle Sounds
     • Open Astra (45 km/h)
     • Volvo V70 (50 km/h)
     • IV Medium-Heavy (40km/h)
     • Bus (86km/h)
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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122. SMS on Vehicle Sounds
     • Open Astra (45 km/h)
     • Volvo V70 (50 km/h)
     • IV Medium-Heavy (40km/h)
     • Bus (86km/h)
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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123. SMS on Vehicle Sounds
     • Open Astra (45 km/h)
     • Volvo V70 (50 km/h)
     • IV Medium-Heavy (40km/h)
     • Bus (86km/h)
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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124. • LISTEN Project
     • Auralization
     • Sound Synthesis
     • Spectral Modeling Synthesis (SMS)
     • SMS Implementation for Vehicle Sounds
     • Listening Test
     • Results and Analysis
     • Q & A
     Organization
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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125. Listening Test
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126. Listening Test
     • Perceptual Similarity of Sounds
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127. Listening Test
     • Perceptual Similarity of Sounds
     • 18 Sounds - 72 Combination
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128. Listening Test
     • Perceptual Similarity of Sounds
     • 18 Sounds - 72 Combination
     • Paired Sound Test
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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129. Listening Test
     • Perceptual Similarity of Sounds
     • 18 Sounds - 72 Combination
     • Paired Sound Test
     • 3 Questions
     • Realism
     • Annoyance
     • Speed
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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130. Listening Test
     • Perceptual Similarity of Sounds
     • 18 Sounds - 72 Combination
     • Paired Sound Test
     • 3 Questions
     • Realism
     • Annoyance
     • Speed
     • 27 Participants
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131. Listening Test Results
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132. Listening Test Results
     • Significant Difference Match Pair t-test - 90%
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133. Spectral Analysis
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134. • LISTEN Project
     • Auralization
     • Sound Synthesis
     • Spectral Modeling Synthesis (SMS)
     • SMS Implementation for Vehicle Sounds
     • Listening Test
     • Results and Analysis
     • Q & A
     Organization
     Monday, April 8, 13
     

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135. Analysis - Applications
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136. Analysis - Applications
     • Applying propagation to Sound Model
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137. Analysis - Applications
     • Applying propagation to Sound Model
     • Direct Frequency-Domain Changes
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138. Analysis - Applications
     • Applying propagation to Sound Model
     • Direct Frequency-Domain Changes
     • Less Memory Requirement
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139. Analysis - Applications
     • Applying propagation to Sound Model
     • Direct Frequency-Domain Changes
     • Less Memory Requirement
     • Interaction Real-Time Synthesis
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140. Analysis - Applications
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141. Analysis - Applications
     • Binaural calculation of propagation
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142. Analysis - Applications
     • Binaural calculation of propagation
     • Multiple source height - issue
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143. Analysis - Applications
     • Binaural calculation of propagation
     • Multiple source height - issue
     • SMS can ‘separate’ engine and tyre
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144. Conclusion
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145. Conclusion
     • SMS works great for vehicle sounds.
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146. Conclusion
     • SMS works great for vehicle sounds.
     • Less memory and more flexible
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147. Conclusion
     • SMS works great for vehicle sounds.
     • Less memory and more flexible
     • Fine tuning for effectively and efficiency.
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148. Conclusion
     • SMS works great for vehicle sounds.
     • Less memory and more flexible
     • Fine tuning for effectively and efficiency.
     • Can produce perceptually similar sounds.
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149. Future Work
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150. Future Work
     • Automated Parameter Estimation
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151. Future Work
     • Automated Parameter Estimation
     • Improved Noise Model
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152. Future Work
     • Automated Parameter Estimation
     • Improved Noise Model
     • Transients Modeling
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153. Future Work
     • Automated Parameter Estimation
     • Improved Noise Model
     • Transients Modeling
     • Support for Binaural Propagation
     calculation
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154. Thanks!
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