Upgrade to Pro — share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …

Auralization of road vehicles using spectral mo...

Avatar for Chinmay Pendharkar Chinmay Pendharkar
April 08, 2013
Research
0
210

Auralization of road vehicles using spectral modeling synthesis

Masters Thesis presentation on auralization of road vehicles using spectral modeling synthesis

Avatar for Chinmay Pendharkar

Chinmay Pendharkar

April 08, 2013
Tweet

More Decks by Chinmay Pendharkar

See All by Chinmay Pendharkar
Audio Fundamentals - Pd
Avatar for Chinmay Pendharkar notthetup
0
99
DNSSEC and Bind
Avatar for Chinmay Pendharkar notthetup
1
170
Garageband And Podcasting
Avatar for Chinmay Pendharkar notthetup
0
67
Audio Fundamentals - HTML5 Audio
Avatar for Chinmay Pendharkar notthetup
0
120
Audio Fundamentals - Oscillators
Avatar for Chinmay Pendharkar notthetup
0
63
Audio Fundamentals - Basics
Avatar for Chinmay Pendharkar notthetup
0
130
Robots and Pi
Avatar for Chinmay Pendharkar notthetup
2
120
What I’ve learnt about Environmental Sound Design
Avatar for Chinmay Pendharkar notthetup
0
250
Audio Editing with Audacity
Avatar for Chinmay Pendharkar notthetup
0
70

Other Decks in Research

See All in Research
病院向け生成AIプロダクト開発の実践と課題
Avatar for Takashi Nishibayashi hagino3000
0
530
Proposal of an Information Delivery Method for Electronic Paper Signage Using Human Mobility as the Communication Medium / ICCE-Asia 2025
Avatar for yumulab yumulab
0
170
生成AI による論文執筆サポート・ワークショップ ─ サーベイ／リサーチクエスチョン編 / Workshop on AI-Assisted Paper Writing Support: Survey/Research Question Edition
Avatar for Kenji Saito ks91
PRO
0
140
AIスパコン「さくらONE」の
オブザーバビリティ / Observability for AI Supercomputer SAKURAONE
Avatar for Yuuki Tsubouchi (yuuk1) yuukit
2
1.2k
Upgrading Multi-Agent Pathfinding for the Real World
Avatar for Keisuke Okumura | 奥村圭祐 kei18
0
230
第66回コンピュータビジョン勉強会＠関東 Epona: Autoregressive Diffusion World Model for Autonomous Driving
Avatar for Kento Sasaki kentosasaki
0
350
Tiaccoon: Unified Access Control with Multiple Transports in Container Networks
Avatar for Hiroya Onoe hiroyaonoe
0
630
AI in Enterprises - Java and Open Source to the Rescue
Avatar for ivargrimstad ivargrimstad
0
1.1k
LiDARセキュリティ最前線（2025年）
Avatar for Yoshioka Lab (Keio CSG) kentaroy47
0
140
LLM-jp-3 and beyond: Training Large Language Models
Avatar for Yusuke Oda odashi
1
760
20年前に50代だった人たちの今
Avatar for marimari hysmrk
0
140
一般道の交通量減少と速度低下についての全国分析と熊本市におけるケーススタディ（20251122 土木計画学研究発表会）
Avatar for Traffic Brain trafficbrain
0
160

Featured

See All Featured
Building a A Zero-Code AI SEO Workflow
Avatar for Ian Lurie portentint
PRO
0
320
Lessons Learnt from Crawling 1000+ Websites
Avatar for Charles Meaden charlesmeaden
PRO
1
1.1k
How To Stay Up To Date on Web Technology
Avatar for Chris Coyier chriscoyier
791
250k
GitHub's CSS Performance
Avatar for Jon Rohan jonrohan
1032
470k
Ecommerce SEO: The Keys for Success Now & Beyond - #SERPConf2024
Avatar for Aleyda Solis aleyda
1
1.8k
A Guide to Academic Writing Using Generative AI - A Workshop
Avatar for Kenji Saito ks91
PRO
0
210
Lightning Talk: Beautiful Slides for Beginners
Avatar for Ines Montani inesmontani
PRO
1
440
Max Prin - Stacking Signals: How International SEO Comes Together (And Falls Apart)
Avatar for Tech SEO Connect techseoconnect
PRO
0
86
Side Projects
Avatar for Sacha Greif sachag
455
43k
Test your architecture with Archunit
Avatar for Yoan thirion
1
2.2k
個人開発の失敗を避けるイケてる考え方 / tips for indie hackers
Avatar for panda_program panda_program
122
21k
Believing is Seeing
Avatar for Spiro Bolos oripsolob
1
58

Transcript

  1. Auralization of road vehicles using spectral modeling synthesis Chinmay Pendharkar,

    Applied Acoustics, Chalmers, 2011 Monday, April 8, 13

  2. • LISTEN Project • Auralization • Sound Synthesis • Spectral

    Modeling Synthesis (SMS) • SMS Implementation for Vehicle Sounds • Listening Test • Results and Analysis • Q & A Organization Monday, April 8, 13

  3. LISTEN Project Monday, April 8, 13

  4. LISTEN Project • Collaboration - KTH, Konstfack, SU, II. Monday,

    April 8, 13

  5. LISTEN Project • Collaboration - KTH, Konstfack, SU, II. •

    Software Demonstrator/Simulator Monday, April 8, 13

  6. LISTEN Project • Collaboration - KTH, Konstfack, SU, II. •

    Software Demonstrator/Simulator • Qualitative listening of urban soundscapes Monday, April 8, 13

  7. LISTEN Demonstrator Monday, April 8, 13

  8. LISTEN Demonstrator • Auralization of Urban Soundscapes Monday, April 8,

    13

  9. LISTEN Demonstrator • Auralization of Urban Soundscapes • Qualitative vs

    Quantitative Analysis Monday, April 8, 13

  10. LISTEN Demonstrator • Auralization of Urban Soundscapes • Qualitative vs

    Quantitative Analysis Monday, April 8, 13

  11. Auralization • Source + Propagation Monday, April 8, 13

  12. Auralization Monday, April 8, 13

  13. Auralization • Source Modeling Monday, April 8, 13

  14. Auralization • Source Modeling • Vehicles as sound sources. •

    Amplitude / Level • Frequency • Directivity • Non-Stationary sound. Monday, April 8, 13

  15. Auralization • Recordings - Large and Inflexible • 6 seconds

    - 853KB • For each velocity, vehicle type, ... Monday, April 8, 13

  16. Auralization Monday, April 8, 13

  17. Auralization • What if..? Monday, April 8, 13

  18. Auralization • What if..? • Extract the important ‘features’ Monday,

    April 8, 13

  19. Auralization • What if..? • Extract the important ‘features’ •

    Calculate waveforms ‘on the fly’ Monday, April 8, 13

  20. Auralization • What if..? • Extract the important ‘features’ •

    Calculate waveforms ‘on the fly’ • Parameters to change the sound Vehicle Model Speed Monday, April 8, 13

  21. Sound Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  22. Sound Synthesis • Electronic Generation of Audio Waveforms Monday, April

    8, 13

  23. Sound Synthesis • Electronic Generation of Audio Waveforms • Model

    to Waveform Monday, April 8, 13

  24. Sound Synthesis • Electronic Generation of Audio Waveforms • Model

    to Waveform • Computer Music Origin Monday, April 8, 13

  25. Sound Synthesis • Electronic Generation of Audio Waveforms • Model

    to Waveform • Computer Music Origin • Current Uses • Electronic Music Production, • Games • Interactive Media Monday, April 8, 13

  26. Sound Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  27. Sound Synthesis • Flexible Model Monday, April 8, 13

  28. Sound Synthesis • Flexible • Real Time Model Monday, April

    8, 13

  29. Sound Synthesis • Flexible • Real Time • Low Memory

    Requirement Model ~10KB vs 1MB Monday, April 8, 13

  30. Sound Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  31. Sound Synthesis • Types Monday, April 8, 13

  32. Sound Synthesis • Types • Additive Synthesis Monday, April 8,

    13

  33. Sound Synthesis • Types • Additive Synthesis • Frequency Modulation

    Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  34. Sound Synthesis • Types • Additive Synthesis • Frequency Modulation

    Synthesis • Physical Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  35. Sound Synthesis • Types • Additive Synthesis • Frequency Modulation

    Synthesis • Physical Synthesis • Spectral Modeling Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  36. Sound Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  37. Sound Synthesis • Vehicle Sounds • Tonal Component - Engine

    Noise • Noise Component - Tyre Noise Monday, April 8, 13

  38. Sound Synthesis • Vehicle Sounds • Tonal Component - Engine

    Noise • Noise Component - Tyre Noise • Non - Stationary Monday, April 8, 13

  39. Spectral Modeling Synthesis (SMS) Monday, April 8, 13

  40. Spectral Modeling Synthesis (SMS) • Xavier Serra and Julius Smith,

    1990 Monday, April 8, 13

  41. Spectral Modeling Synthesis (SMS) • Xavier Serra and Julius Smith,

    1990 • Modeling musical instruments Monday, April 8, 13

  42. Spectral Modeling Synthesis (SMS) • Xavier Serra and Julius Smith,

    1990 • Modeling musical instruments • Deterministic + Stochastic Decomposition Monday, April 8, 13

  43. Spectral Modeling Synthesis (SMS) • Xavier Serra and Julius Smith,

    1990 • Modeling musical instruments • Deterministic + Stochastic Decomposition • Tonal Sounds + Noise Monday, April 8, 13

  44. SMS Demo Monday, April 8, 13

  45. SMS Demo • Original • Tonal (Deterministic) • Noise (Stochastic)

    • ReSynthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  46. SMS Demo • Original • Tonal (Deterministic) • Noise (Stochastic)

    • ReSynthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  47. SMS Demo • Original • Tonal (Deterministic) • Noise (Stochastic)

    • ReSynthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  48. SMS Demo • Original • Tonal (Deterministic) • Noise (Stochastic)

    • ReSynthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  49. SMS Demo • Original • Tonal (Deterministic) • Noise (Stochastic)

    • ReSynthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  50. • LISTEN Project • Auralization • Sound Synthesis • Spectral

    Modeling Synthesis (SMS) • SMS Implementation for Vehicle Sounds • Listening Test • Results and Analysis • Q & A Organization Monday, April 8, 13

  51. SMS Algorithm STFT Analysis Original Audio Peak Detection Peak Tracking

    Peak Trajectories Tonal ReSynth Residual Audio Residual Parameterization Residual Parameters Noise ReSynth ReSynth Audio Monday, April 8, 13

  52. SMS Algorithm STFT Analysis Original Audio Peak Detection Peak Tracking

    Peak Trajectories Tonal ReSynth Residual Audio Residual Parameterization Residual Parameters Noise ReSynth ReSynth Audio Tonal Analysis Monday, April 8, 13

  53. SMS Algorithm STFT Analysis Original Audio Peak Detection Peak Tracking

    Peak Trajectories Tonal ReSynth Residual Audio Residual Parameterization Residual Parameters Noise ReSynth ReSynth Audio Tonal Analysis Noise Analysis Monday, April 8, 13

  54. SMS Algorithm STFT Analysis Original Audio Peak Detection Peak Tracking

    Peak Trajectories Tonal ReSynth Residual Audio Residual Parameterization Residual Parameters Noise ReSynth ReSynth Audio Tonal Analysis Noise Analysis Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  55. SMS Algorithm Tonal Analysis • Original Audio - Peak Trajectories

    STFT Analysis Original Audio Peak Detection Peak Tracking Peak Trajectories Monday, April 8, 13

  56. SMS Algorithm STFT Monday, April 8, 13

  57. SMS Algorithm STFT • Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT) Monday,

    April 8, 13

  58. SMS Algorithm STFT • Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT) •

    Fourier Analysis of Short Time Instances Monday, April 8, 13

  59. SMS Algorithm STFT • Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT) •

    Fourier Analysis of Short Time Instances • Sliding Window Analysis Monday, April 8, 13

  60. SMS Algorithm Peak Detection Monday, April 8, 13

  61. SMS Algorithm Peak Detection • Gradient Based Detection Monday, April

    8, 13

  62. SMS Algorithm Peak Detection • Gradient Based Detection Monday, April

    8, 13

  63. SMS Algorithm Peak Detection • Gradient Based Detection Monday, April

    8, 13

  64. SMS Algorithm Peak Detection • Gradient Based Detection • Interpolation

    due to DFT Sampling. Monday, April 8, 13

  65. SMS Algorithm Peak Detection • Gradient Based Detection • Interpolation

    due to DFT Sampling. Monday, April 8, 13

  66. SMS Algorithm Peak Tracking Monday, April 8, 13

  67. SMS Algorithm Peak Tracking • Frequency Guides - Peak Trajectories

    Monday, April 8, 13

  68. SMS Algorithm Peak Tracking • Frequency Guides - Peak Trajectories

    • Gradually Varying Sinusoids Monday, April 8, 13

  69. SMS Algorithm Peak Tracking • Frequency Guides - Peak Trajectories

    • Gradually Varying Sinusoids • Doppler Shift Monday, April 8, 13

  70. SMS Algorithm Peak Tracking • Frequency Guides - Peak Trajectories

    • Gradually Varying Sinusoids • Doppler Shift Monday, April 8, 13

  71. SMS Algorithm Peak Trajectories Monday, April 8, 13

  72. SMS Algorithm Noise Analysis • Original Audio & Tonal Synthesis

    - Residual Parameters Original Audio Peak Trajectories Tonal ReSynth Residual Audio Residual Parameterization Residual Parameters Monday, April 8, 13

  73. SMS Algorithm Residual Calculation Monday, April 8, 13

  74. SMS Algorithm Residual Calculation • Original - Tonal = Residual

    Monday, April 8, 13

  75. SMS Algorithm Residual Calculation • Original - Tonal = Residual

    • Spectrum Subtraction Monday, April 8, 13

  76. SMS Algorithm Residual Calculation • Original - Tonal = Residual

    • Spectrum Subtraction Monday, April 8, 13

  77. SMS Algorithm Residual Parameterization Monday, April 8, 13

  78. SMS Algorithm Residual Parameterization • Perceptual Model Monday, April 8,

    13

  79. SMS Algorithm Residual Parameterization • Perceptual Model • Noise Energy

    per Critical Band Monday, April 8, 13

  80. SMS Algorithm Residual Parameterization • Perceptual Model • Noise Energy

    per Critical Band Monday, April 8, 13

  81. SMS Algorithm - Residual Parameters Monday, April 8, 13

  82. SMS Algorithm Complete Model Monday, April 8, 13

  83. SMS Algorithm Complete Model • Peak Trajectories Monday, April 8,

    13

  84. SMS Algorithm Complete Model • Peak Trajectories Monday, April 8,

    13

  85. SMS Algorithm Complete Model • Peak Trajectories • Residual Parameters

    Monday, April 8, 13

  86. SMS Algorithm Complete Model • Peak Trajectories • Residual Parameters

    Monday, April 8, 13

  87. SMS Algorithm Complete Model • Peak Trajectories • Residual Parameters

    6 seconds - 80KB Monday, April 8, 13

  88. SMS Algorithm Synthesis • Peak Trajectories - Tonal Sound •

    Residual Parameters - Noise Peak Trajectories Tonal ReSynth Residual Parameters Noise ReSynth ReSynth Audio Monday, April 8, 13

  89. SMS Algorithm Tonal Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  90. SMS Algorithm Tonal Synthesis • Peak Trajectories - Sinusoid Waveform

    Monday, April 8, 13

  91. SMS Algorithm Tonal Synthesis • Peak Trajectories - Sinusoid Waveform

    • x[n] = A[n]*cos(w[n]) Monday, April 8, 13

  92. SMS Algorithm Tonal Synthesis • Peak Trajectories - Sinusoid Waveform

    • x[n] = A[n]*cos(w[n]) + + = = Monday, April 8, 13

  93. SMS Algorithm Residual Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  94. SMS Algorithm Residual Synthesis • Residual Parameters - Noise Monday,

    April 8, 13

  95. SMS Algorithm Residual Synthesis • Residual Parameters - Noise •

    Interpolation Monday, April 8, 13

  96. SMS Algorithm Residual Synthesis • Residual Parameters - Noise •

    Interpolation • Random Phase Assignment Monday, April 8, 13

  97. SMS Algorithm Residual Synthesis • Residual Parameters - Noise •

    Interpolation • Random Phase Assignment • Inverse Fourier Transform Monday, April 8, 13

  98. SMS Algorithm Residual Synthesis • Residual Parameters - Noise •

    Interpolation • Random Phase Assignment • Inverse Fourier Transform • Overlap and Add Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  99. SMS Algorithm Residual Synthesis • Overlap and Add Synthesis Monday,

    April 8, 13

  100. SMS Algorithm STFT Analysis Original Audio Peak Detection Peak Tracking

    Peak Trajectories Tonal ReSynth Residual Audio Residual Parameterization Residual Parameters Noise ReSynth ReSynth Audio Tonal Analysis Noise Analysis Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  101. • LISTEN Project • Auralization • Sound Synthesis • Spectral

    Modeling Synthesis (SMS) • SMS Implementation for Vehicle Sounds • Listening Test • Results and Analysis • Q & A Organization Monday, April 8, 13

  102. SMS for Vehicle Sounds • Multi Pass Analysis • Trajectory

    Energy Filtering • Residual parameter smoothing Monday, April 8, 13

  103. SMS for Vehicle Sounds • Multi Pass Analysis • Analysis

    Window - Frequency Dependence Monday, April 8, 13

  104. SMS for Vehicle Sounds • Multi Pass Analysis - Pyramid

    Analysis • Vary window length for each ‘Pass’ Monday, April 8, 13

  105. SMS for Vehicle Sounds Monday, April 8, 13

  106. SMS for Vehicle Sounds • Multi Pass Analysis Monday, April

    8, 13

  107. SMS for Vehicle Sounds • Multi Pass Analysis • Frequency

    band - Pass Monday, April 8, 13

  108. SMS for Vehicle Sounds • Multi Pass Analysis • Frequency

    band - Pass Pass 1 Pass 2 Pass 3 Monday, April 8, 13

  109. SMS for Vehicle Sounds • Trajectory Energy Filtering • Too

    many trajectories - Filter by ‘Importance’ Monday, April 8, 13

  110. SMS for Vehicle Sounds Monday, April 8, 13

  111. SMS for Vehicle Sounds • Fluctuating Residual Parameter Monday, April

    8, 13

  112. SMS for Vehicle Sounds • Fluctuating Residual Parameter • Smoothen

    Monday, April 8, 13

  113. SMS for Vehicle Sounds • Fluctuating Residual Parameter • Smoothen

    Monday, April 8, 13

  114. SMS on Vehicle Sounds • Bus (39km/h) • Original •

    Tonal • Noise • ReSynth Monday, April 8, 13

  115. SMS on Vehicle Sounds • Bus (39km/h) • Original •

    Tonal • Noise • ReSynth Monday, April 8, 13

  116. SMS on Vehicle Sounds • Bus (39km/h) • Original •

    Tonal • Noise • ReSynth Monday, April 8, 13

  117. SMS on Vehicle Sounds • Bus (39km/h) • Original •

    Tonal • Noise • ReSynth Monday, April 8, 13

  118. SMS on Vehicle Sounds • Bus (39km/h) • Original •

    Tonal • Noise • ReSynth Monday, April 8, 13

  119. SMS on Vehicle Sounds • Open Astra (45 km/h) •

    Volvo V70 (50 km/h) • IV Medium-Heavy (40km/h) • Bus (86km/h) Monday, April 8, 13

  120. SMS on Vehicle Sounds • Open Astra (45 km/h) •

    Volvo V70 (50 km/h) • IV Medium-Heavy (40km/h) • Bus (86km/h) Monday, April 8, 13

  121. SMS on Vehicle Sounds • Open Astra (45 km/h) •

    Volvo V70 (50 km/h) • IV Medium-Heavy (40km/h) • Bus (86km/h) Monday, April 8, 13

  122. SMS on Vehicle Sounds • Open Astra (45 km/h) •

    Volvo V70 (50 km/h) • IV Medium-Heavy (40km/h) • Bus (86km/h) Monday, April 8, 13

  123. SMS on Vehicle Sounds • Open Astra (45 km/h) •

    Volvo V70 (50 km/h) • IV Medium-Heavy (40km/h) • Bus (86km/h) Monday, April 8, 13

  124. • LISTEN Project • Auralization • Sound Synthesis • Spectral

    Modeling Synthesis (SMS) • SMS Implementation for Vehicle Sounds • Listening Test • Results and Analysis • Q & A Organization Monday, April 8, 13

  125. Listening Test Monday, April 8, 13

  126. Listening Test • Perceptual Similarity of Sounds Monday, April 8,

    13

  127. Listening Test • Perceptual Similarity of Sounds • 18 Sounds

    - 72 Combination Monday, April 8, 13

  128. Listening Test • Perceptual Similarity of Sounds • 18 Sounds

    - 72 Combination • Paired Sound Test Monday, April 8, 13

  129. Listening Test • Perceptual Similarity of Sounds • 18 Sounds

    - 72 Combination • Paired Sound Test • 3 Questions • Realism • Annoyance • Speed Monday, April 8, 13

  130. Listening Test • Perceptual Similarity of Sounds • 18 Sounds

    - 72 Combination • Paired Sound Test • 3 Questions • Realism • Annoyance • Speed • 27 Participants Monday, April 8, 13

  131. Listening Test Results Monday, April 8, 13

  132. Listening Test Results • Significant Difference Match Pair t-test -

    90% Monday, April 8, 13

  133. Spectral Analysis Monday, April 8, 13

  134. • LISTEN Project • Auralization • Sound Synthesis • Spectral

    Modeling Synthesis (SMS) • SMS Implementation for Vehicle Sounds • Listening Test • Results and Analysis • Q & A Organization Monday, April 8, 13

  135. Analysis - Applications Monday, April 8, 13

  136. Analysis - Applications • Applying propagation to Sound Model Monday,

    April 8, 13

  137. Analysis - Applications • Applying propagation to Sound Model •

    Direct Frequency-Domain Changes Monday, April 8, 13

  138. Analysis - Applications • Applying propagation to Sound Model •

    Direct Frequency-Domain Changes • Less Memory Requirement Monday, April 8, 13

  139. Analysis - Applications • Applying propagation to Sound Model •

    Direct Frequency-Domain Changes • Less Memory Requirement • Interaction Real-Time Synthesis Monday, April 8, 13

  140. Analysis - Applications Monday, April 8, 13

  141. Analysis - Applications • Binaural calculation of propagation Monday, April

    8, 13

  142. Analysis - Applications • Binaural calculation of propagation • Multiple

    source height - issue Monday, April 8, 13

  143. Analysis - Applications • Binaural calculation of propagation • Multiple

    source height - issue • SMS can ‘separate’ engine and tyre Monday, April 8, 13

  144. Conclusion Monday, April 8, 13

  145. Conclusion • SMS works great for vehicle sounds. Monday, April

    8, 13

  146. Conclusion • SMS works great for vehicle sounds. • Less

    memory and more flexible Monday, April 8, 13

  147. Conclusion • SMS works great for vehicle sounds. • Less

    memory and more flexible • Fine tuning for effectively and efficiency. Monday, April 8, 13

  148. Conclusion • SMS works great for vehicle sounds. • Less

    memory and more flexible • Fine tuning for effectively and efficiency. • Can produce perceptually similar sounds. Monday, April 8, 13

  149. Future Work Monday, April 8, 13

  150. Future Work • Automated Parameter Estimation Monday, April 8, 13

  151. Future Work • Automated Parameter Estimation • Improved Noise Model

    Monday, April 8, 13

  152. Future Work • Automated Parameter Estimation • Improved Noise Model

    • Transients Modeling Monday, April 8, 13

  153. Future Work • Automated Parameter Estimation • Improved Noise Model

    • Transients Modeling • Support for Binaural Propagation calculation Monday, April 8, 13

  154. Thanks! Monday, April 8, 13