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Slaves or Servants?

Spiro Bolos
September 30, 2022

Slaves or Servants?

Using the 1624/25 Virginia muster database, can we determine if the Africans listed on the census document were either enslaved individuals OR indentured servants?

Lesson:
https://ush.posthaven.com/slaves-or-servants-1

Census records:
http://www.virtualjamestown.org/Muster/search.muster.cgi?start_page=0&search_type=basic&database=muster_1624&last=&first=&muster=&age-op=&age1=&age2=&status=servant&month=&year=&date=

Spiro Bolos

September 30, 2022
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  1. 1619

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  2. 1619

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  3. Interpretation #1

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  4. indentured servants

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  5. Interpretation #2

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  6. Interpretation #2

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  7. 1625 Muster
    Original primary source
    vs filtered by “servants”

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  8. Name Muster Status Location Corporation Age Ship Date of
    Arrival
    Muster
    Date
    Notes

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  9. Name Muster Status Location Corporation Age Ship Date of
    Arrival
    Muster
    Date
    Notes
    servant
    servant
    servant
    servant

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  10. Were the Africans on the muster
    slaves or indentured servants?

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  11. “By the time of Portuguese
    colonization of South
    America, the term “negro”
    [negros da terra] had become
    almost synonymous with
    “slave” in the Portuguese
    language” (13)
    -- Nishida, Slavery and Identity

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