3-_NR_37_SEG._E_SAÚDE_EM_PLAT._DE_PETRÓLEO-IOE__-_Inglês__76-115.pdf

Transcript

1. MODULE III - LIMITS, CONTROL, SIGNALING, PPE AND EPC. What you will learn in this module: Limits Control Signaling EPI e EPC
2. The principle of dose limitation is fundamental in radiological protection and aims to ensure that no person is exposed to ionizing radiation at levels that could cause significant harm to health. To achieve this, dose limits are established for different categories of exposure: Occupational exposure Workers who deal with ionizing radiation have specific dose limits, usually higher than for the general public, due to the nature of their work. DOSE LIMITS AND CONTROL
3. GENERAL PUBLIC For members of the public, the dose limits are significantly lower, thus minimizing any risk of adverse health effects due to incidental or environmental exposure to radiation.
4. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS Specific temporary limits may be applied in radiological emergency situations, allowing for greater exposure in the short term to respond to a critical event.
5. Exposure control is a set of practices and procedures designed to minimize the amount of radiation absorbed by individuals. This is often summarized by the acronym ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), which stands for keeping radiation doses as low as reasonably achievable. Effective exposure control involves several strategies: EXPOSURE CONTROL
6. TIME: REDUCING THE TIME OF EXPOSURE TO RADIATION DECREASES THE TOTAL ABSORBED DOSE. DISTANCE: INCREASING THE DISTANCE FROM THE RADIATION SOURCE DRASTICALLY REDUCES THE DOSE RECEIVED, ACCORDING TO THE INVERSE SQUARE LAW OF DISTANCE. SHIELDING: USE MATERIALS THAT EFFECTIVELY BLOCK OR REDUCE RADIATION, SUCH AS LEAD FOR X-RAYS AND GAMMA RAYS, OR WATER AND POLYETHYLENE FOR NEUTRONS.
7. In practice, dose control and exposure limitation are implemented through strict monitoring and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Workers are often equipped with personal dosimeters that record accumulated radiation doses over time to ensure that safety limits are not exceeded. Additionally, facilities that use ionizing radiation are designed with built-in safety features, such as lead walls in X-ray rooms, and operating procedures that ensure both workers and the public are protected from unnecessary exposure. PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION
8. The measures necessary to ensure safety when dealing with radiation sources are addressed, as well as strategies to protect operators and other individuals present in areas where there are radiation sources. RADIATION SOURCE SAFETY AND OPERATOR PROTECTION
9. It emphasizes the importance of adequate radiation protection training for all professionals working with radiation, ensuring that they are well informed about the associated risks and how to effectively mitigate them. TRAINING
11. Radiation Detection Instruments
12. RADIATION DETECTORS
13. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF DETECTORS
14. RADIATION DETECTION METHODS
16. Signaling in Risk Areas Description of the safety signs required in areas where there is a risk of radiation exposure, including signs and visual warnings indicating the presence of ionizing radiation. SAFETY SIGNS
17. IMPORTANCE OF SIGNALING Emphasizes the importance of clear and effective signage to prevent unauthorized entry into restricted areas and to inform workers of correct safety procedures.
18. Delimitation of Controlled Areas Details on how areas are classified based on radiation levels and the criteria used to determine control zones. AREA CONTROL
20. CONTROL MEASURES Strategies to control access to risk areas and techniques to minimize worker exposure to radiation, such as implementing physical barriers and standard operating procedures.
21. PRINCIPLES OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION Justification of the practice Any activity involving radiation must be justified in relation to other alternatives, ensuring a positive net benefit to society.
22. OPTIMIZATION OF RADIATION PROTECTION Practices and facilities should be planned and implemented so that exposures are reduced to a reasonable minimum, taking into account social and economic factors.
23. Individual doses, both for workers and the public, must not exceed the annual limits established by standard CNEN-NN- 3.01. LIMITATION OF INDIVIDUAL DOSES
24. REDUCING RADIATION EXPOSURE
28. SIGNALING TIME, DISTANCE AND SHIELDING Fundamental strategies to reduce exposure to radiation, where it is recommended to minimize exposure time, maximize the distance from the source and use adequate shielding. Importance of marking areas with radiation risks to ensure that everyone is aware of the dangers and necessary safety measures. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Need to use appropriate PPE to protect workers from radiation. MONITORING Use of monitoring devices to ensure that radiation levels remain within safe limits.
31. TYPE TWO EPI
32. PPE SELECTION
33. EPC - BARRIERS AND SHIELDING
34. VENTILATION SYSTEM
37. The importance of constant monitoring of radiation levels in risk areas, using equipment such as dosimeters and radiation detectors to ensure that safety limits are not exceeded RADIATION MONITORING