WCEU: Seven Times Faster : A Study in frontend Optimization

The average web page takes fifteen seconds to load, this can lower the PageSpeed score to the low 30s. Working together web designers and devs can make sites readable in two seconds, working towards a web seven times faster.

Find out how to get a PageSpeed score in the 90s. What are the rules you have to follow, what are those you have to break?

Transcript

1. Wed 29 Oct 1969
   ~ ucla$ ░
   

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2. Wed 29 Oct 1969
   ~ ucla$ ░
   

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3. Wed 29 Oct 1969
   ~ ucla$ lo ░
   gin
   

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4. Wed 29 Oct 1969
   ~ ucla$ lo ░
   ░
   

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5. Seven times faster: 

   a study in front-end optimisation
   Peter Wilson • peterwilson.cc • @pwcc
   

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6. View Slide

7. WordPress is slow
   

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8. Front-end code is slow
   

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9. Bytes on the page
   

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10. Total page size (MB)
    Nov 2011 - March 2016
    0.5
    1.0
    1.5
    2.0
    2.5
    1 Nov '11 15 May '12 1 Dec '12 15 Jun '13 1 Jan '14 15 Jul '14 1 Feb '15 15 Aug '15 1 Mar '16
    httparchive.org/trends.php, March 2016
    

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11. Assets per page
    Nov 2011 - March 2016
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    120
    1 Nov '11 15 May '12 1 Dec '12 15 Jun '13 1 Jan '14 15 Jul '14 1 Feb '15 15 Aug '15 1 Mar '16
    httparchive.org/trends.php, March 2016
    

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12. Webfonts
    Multiple of Nov 2011 (bytes)
    2
    4
    6
    8
    10
    12
    14
    16
    18
    1 Nov '11 15 May '12 1 Dec '12 15 Jun '13 1 Jan '14 15 Jul '14 1 Feb '15 15 Aug '15 1 Mar '16
    httparchive.org/trends.php, March 2016
    

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13. Load time
    httparchive.org/trends.php, March 2016
    

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14. Load time
    Start render: 4.2 seconds
    

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15. Load time
    Visually complete: 12.7 seconds
    

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16. Load time
    Document complete: 15.23 sec
    

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17. Two seconds
    

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18. Walmart conversion rate
    slideshare.net/devonauerswald/walmart-pagespeedslide
    0 - 1
    1 - 2
    2 - 3
    3 - 4
    4 - 5
    5 - 6
    6 - 7
    7 - 8
    8 - 9
    9 - 10
    10 - 11
    11 - 12
    12 - 13
    13 - 14
    14 - 15
    15+
    

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19. The average site kills conversions.
    

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20. Measure a starting point
    

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21. View Slide

22. WebPageTest - webpagetest.org
    

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23. Key metrics
    Document Complete Fully Loaded
    Load Time First Byte Start Render Speed Index
    DOM
    Elements
    Time Requests Bytes In Time Requests Bytes In
    3.770s 0.771s 1.789s 1834 397 3.770s 27 635 KB 4.072s 33 661 KB
    WebPageTest - webpagetest.org
    

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24. Timeline view
    

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25. Comparison timelines
    Additional blocking request in HTML Header
    Timed using WebPageTest - pwcc.cc/wceu/blocking
    0.5s 1.0s 1.5s 2.0s
    0% 0% 0% 100%
    0% 86% 100%
    Blocked
    Unblocked
    

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26. 53 / 100
    Our PageSpeed score is
    you won’t believe how

    much it’s costing
    

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27. What will get my visitors
    reading quickest?
    “
    ”
    

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28. Doing it wrong
    

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29. JavaScript in the footer
    

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30. All visitors have JavaScript
    disabled while it downloads.
    – Every progressive enhancement advocate ever
    “
    ”
    

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31. wp_enqueue_script(
    'pwcc-scripts', // handle
    '/functions.js', // source
    null, // no dependancies
    '20160624-26', // version
    true // load in footer
    );
    JavaScript, the WordPress way
    

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32. wp_enqueue_script(
    'pwcc-scripts', // handle
    '/functions.js', // source
    null, // no dependancies
    '20160624-26', // version
    true // load in footer
    );
    true // load in footer
    JavaScript, the WordPress way
    

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33. wp_enqueue_script(
    'pwcc-scripts', // handle
    '/functions.js', // source
    array( 'jquery' ), // jQuery loads automatically
    '20160624-26', // version
    true // load in footer
    );
    jQuery, the WordPress way
    

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34. wp_enqueue_script(
    'pwcc-scripts', // handle
    '/functions.js', // source
    array( 'jquery' ), // jQuery loads automatically
    '20160624-26', // version
    true // load in footer
    );
    array( 'jquery' ), // jQuery loads automatically
    jQuery, the WordPress way
    

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35. 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    jQuery, doing_it_wrong()
    

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36. 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    jQuery, doing_it_wrong()
    

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37. The WordPress way blocks rendering
    Daniel Zedda (CC) - flic.kr/p/a6wwAh
    

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38. function pwcc_jquery_to_footer() {
    if ( is_admin() )
    return;
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery', 'group', 1 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery-core', 'group', 1 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery-migrate', 'group', 1 );
    }
    add_action( 'wp', 'pwcc_jquery_to_footer' );
    jQuery, doing_it_wrong()
    

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39. function pwcc_jquery_to_footer() {
    if ( is_admin() )
    return;
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery', 'group', 1 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery-core', 'group', 1 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery-migrate', 'group', 1 );
    }
    add_action( 'wp', 'pwcc_jquery_to_footer' );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery', 'group', 1 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery-core', 'group', 1 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery-migrate', 'group', 1 );
    jQuery, doing_it_wrong()
    

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40. function pwcc_jquery_to_footer() {
    if ( is_admin() )
    return;
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery', 'group', 1 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery-core', 'group', 1 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery-migrate', 'group', 1 );
    }
    add_action( 'wp', 'pwcc_jquery_to_footer' );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery', 'group', 1 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery-core', 'group', 1 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'jquery-migrate', 'group', 1 );
    jQuery, doing_it_wrong()
    

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41. 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    jQuery, the WordPress way
    

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42. 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    jQuery, doing_it_wrong()
    

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43. 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    jQuery, doing_it_wrong()
    pwcc.cc/wceu/jqueryfooter
    

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44. Asynchronous JavaScript
    

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45. Asynchronous JavaScript
    type='text/javascript'
    src='/path/file.js' async>
    

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46. Asynchronous JavaScript
    type='text/javascript'
    src='/path/file.js' async>
    async
    

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47. function pwcc_async_js( $tag, $handle ) {
    switch ( $handle ) {
    case 'pwcc-scripts' :
    $tag = str_replace( '>}
    return $tag;
    }
    Asynchronous JavaScript
    

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48. function pwcc_async_js( $tag, $handle ) {
    switch ( $handle ) {
    case 'pwcc-scripts' : // Falls through
    case 'picturefill' :
    $tag = str_replace( '>}
    return $tag;
    }
    Asynchronous JavaScript
    

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49. function pwcc_async_js( $tag, $handle ) {
    switch ( $handle ) {
    case 'pwcc-scripts' : // Falls through
    case 'picturefill' :
    $tag = str_replace( '>}
    return $tag;
    }
    Asynchronous JavaScript
    

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50. switch ( $handle ) {
    case 'pwcc-scripts' : // Falls through
    case 'picturefill' :
    $tag = str_replace( '>}
    return $tag;
    }
    add_filter( 'script_loader_tag', 'pwcc_async_js', 10, 2 );
    Asynchronous JavaScript
    

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51. function pw_async_up() {
    wp_script_add_data( 'picturefill', 'group', 0 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'pwcc-scripts', 'group', 0 );
    }
    add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'pw_async_up' , 99 );
    Asynchronous JS in the header
    

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52. function pw_async_up() {
    wp_script_add_data( 'picturefill', 'group', 0 );
    wp_script_add_data( 'pwcc-scripts', 'group', 0 );
    }
    add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'pw_async_up' , 99 );
    Asynchronous JS in the header
    pwcc.cc/wceu/asyncjs
    

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53. Browsers initiate requests
    The blocking nature of HTTP 1
    

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54. Blockers
    HTML
    

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55. Blockers
    HTML
    CSS
    

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56. Blockers
    HTML
    CSS
    

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57. Blockers
    HTML
    CSS
    IMG
    IMG
    IMG
    FONTS
    

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58. Blockers
    HTML
    CSS
    IMG
    IMG
    IMG
    JS
    FONTS
    

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59. Blockers
    HTML
    CSS
    IMG
    IMG
    IMG
    JS
    IFRAME
    FONTS
    

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60. Waterfall
    WebPageTest - webpagetest.org
    

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61. Waterfall
    WebPageTest - webpagetest.org
    

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62. Waterfall
    HTML
    CSS
    IMG
    IMG
    IMG
    JS
    IFRAME
    FONTS
    

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63. Waterfall
    HTML
    CSS
    IMG
    IMG
    IMG
    JS
    IFRAME
    FONTS
    

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64. HTTP/2
    An aside
    

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65. Everything you know about
    performance is now wrong and
    former best practices are now an
    anti-pattern and considered
    harmful.
    

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66. These titles are
    considered harmful
    

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67. Sites using HTTP/2
    w3techs.com, March 2016
    

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68. caniuse.com/http2, March 2016
    

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69. caniuse.com/http2, March 2016
    

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70. Critical Path CSS
    

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71. w3.org/TR/preload/
    

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72. HTTP/2, without critical path CSS
    HTML
    CSS
    

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73. HTTP/1, with critical path CSS
    HTML
    CSS
    

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74. 
    
    html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:<br/>100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}article,<br/>aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,<br/>nav,section,summary{display:block}audio,canvas,progress,<br/>video{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline}<br/>audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}[hidden],<br/>template{display:none}a{background:transparent}a:active,<br/>a:hover{outline:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}<br/>b,strong{font-weight:bold}dfn{font-style:italic}h1{font-<br/>

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75. HTTP/1, with critical path CSS
    HTML
    CSS
    

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76. HTTP/1, without critical path CSS
    HTML
    CSS
    

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77. CSS, the WordPress way
    wp_enqueue_style(
    'pwcc-style', // handle
    get_stylesheet_uri(), // source
    array(), // no dependancies
    '20160624-26', // version
    'all' // media
    );
    

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78. Preloading CSS
    

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79. Preloading CSS
    

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80. Preloading CSS
    Link: ; rel=preload; as=style; nopush
    

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81. Preloading CSS
    Link: ; rel=preload; as=style; nopush
    

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82. Preloading CSS
    pwcc_preload_style( 'pwcc-style' ); // push
    pwcc_preload_style( 'pwcc-style', false ); // no push
    

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83. Server push
    pwcc_preload_style( 'pwcc-style' );
    

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84. Server push
    if ( is_cached( 'pwcc-style' ) ) {
    pwcc_preload_style( 'pwcc-style' );
    } else /* file not cached */ {
    pwcc_preload_style( 'pwcc-style', false );
    }
    

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85. $version = '20160624-26';
    setcookie( 'pwcc-style', $version, 0, '/' );
    Server push
    

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86. is_cached()
    function is_cached( $handle, $version ) {
    if ( $version === $_COOKIE[ $handle ] ) {
    return true;
    }
    else {
    return false;
    }
    }
    

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87. 
    
    html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:<br/>100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}article,<br/>aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,<br/>nav,section,summary{display:block}audio,canvas,progress,<br/>video{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline}<br/>audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}[hidden],<br/>template{display:none}a{background:transparent}a:active,<br/>a:hover{outline:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}<br/>b,strong{font-weight:bold}dfn{font-style:italic}h1{font-<br/>

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89. pwcc.cc/wceu/loadcss
    

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90. Register loadCSS
    wp_register_script(
    'pwcc-load-css', // handle
    '/loadcss.js', // file
    array(), // dependencies
    "1.2.0", // version
    true // load in footer
    );
    

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91. /* Critical CSS */
    as='style' onload='this.rel="stylesheet"'>
    
    
    
    HTML: uncached HTTP/1
    

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92. if ( ! is_cached( 'pwcc-style' ) && ! is_http2() ) {
    print_style_inline( 'pwcc-style' );
    wp_enqueue_script( 'pwcc-load-css' );
    }
    Inline CSS
    

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93. if ( ! is_cached( 'pwcc-style' ) && ! is_http2() ) {
    print_style_inline( 'pwcc-style' );
    wp_enqueue_script( 'pwcc-load-css' );
    }
    Inline CSS
    pwcc.cc/wceu/rapidcss
    

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94. 
    
    html{font-family:sans-serif;-ms-text-size-adjust:<br/>100%;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}article,<br/>aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,<br/>nav,section,summary{display:block}audio,canvas,progress,<br/>video{display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline}<br/>audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}[hidden],<br/>template{display:none}a{background:transparent}a:active,<br/>a:hover{outline:0}abbr[title]{border-bottom:1px dotted}<br/>b,strong{font-weight:bold}dfn{font-style:italic}h1{font-<br/>

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95. 
    Cached Stylesheet
    

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96. 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

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97. Everything you know about
    performance is now wrong and
    former best practices are now an
    anti-pattern and considered
    harmful.
    

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98. Everything you know about
    performance is now
    twice as complicated.
    

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99. Thank you
    Peter Wilson • peterwilson.cc • @pwcc
    

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