Hy: A Lisp That Compiles to Python AST

Transcript

1. Hy A Lisp the Compiles to Python... AST @agentultra http://agentultra.com https://www.github.com/agentultra Sunday, 11 August, 13
2. http://goo.gl/6yPnmm Sunday, 11 August, 13
3. http://goo.gl/6yPnmm Sunday, 11 August, 13
4. => (import [sh [cat grep wc]]) => (-> (cat "/usr/share/dict/words") (grep "-E" "^hy") (wc "-l")) 210 (-> (read) (eval) (print) (loop)) Sunday, 11 August, 13
5. Python AST • Incredibly useful • Woefully under-documented • Considered by many to be black magic • Is essentially what Python is Sunday, 11 August, 13
6. def hello(name="World!"): print("Hello,", name) if __name__ == '__main__': hello("James!") Sunday, 11 August, 13
7. Module(body=[ FunctionDef(name='hello', args=arguments(args=[arg(arg='name', annotation=None)], vararg=None, varargannotation=None, kwonlyargs=[], kwarg=None, kwargannotation=None, defaults=[Str(s='World!')], kw_defaults=[]), body=[ Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='print', ctx=Load()), args=[Str(s='Hello,'), Name(id='name', ctx=Load())], keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None))], decorator_list=[], returns=None), If(test=Compare(left=Name(id='__name__', ctx=Load()), ops=[Eq()], comparators=[Str(s='__main__')]), body=[ Expr(value=Call(func=Name(id='hello', ctx=Load()), args=[Str(s='James!')], keywords=[], starargs=None, kwargs=None))], orelse=[])]) Sunday, 11 August, 13
8. http://goo.gl/iOVZt0 Sunday, 11 August, 13
9. http://goo.gl/wyri9k Sunday, 11 August, 13
10. 1. an atom, or 2. an expression (x . y); where x and y are s- expressions Sunday, 11 August, 13
11. Sunday, 11 August, 13
12. TREES! Sunday, 11 August, 13
13. (1 . (2 . (3 . nil))) Sunday, 11 August, 13
14. (list 1 2 3) (defun square (a) (* a a)) Sunday, 11 August, 13
15. eval/apply Sunday, 11 August, 13
16. Getting Hy on Python Sunday, 11 August, 13
17. Lexer Sunday, 11 August, 13
18. def tokenize(buf): """ Tokenize a Lisp file or string buffer into internal Hy objects. """ try: return parser.parse(lexer.lex(buf)) except LexingError as e: pos = e.getsourcepos() raise LexException( "Could not identify the next token at line %s, column %s" % ( pos.lineno, pos.colno)) Sunday, 11 August, 13
19. from rply import LexerGenerator lg = LexerGenerator() # A regexp for something that should end a quoting/unquoting operator # i.e. a space or a closing brace/paren/curly end_quote = r'(?![\s\)\]\}])' lg.add('LPAREN', r'\(') lg.add('RPAREN', r'\)') lg.add('LBRACKET', r'\[') lg.add('RBRACKET', r'\]') lg.add('LCURLY', r'\{') lg.add('RCURLY', r'\}') lg.add('QUOTE', r'\'%s' % end_quote) lg.add('QUASIQUOTE', r'`%s' % end_quote) lg.add('UNQUOTESPLICE', r'~@%s' % end_quote) lg.add('UNQUOTE', r'~%s' % end_quote) lg.add('HASHBANG', r'#!.*[^\r\n]') lg.add('STRING', r'''(?x) (?:u|r|ur|ru)? # prefix " # start string (?: | [^"\\] # non-quote or backslash | \\. # or escaped single character | \\x[0-9a-fA-F]{2} # or escaped raw character | \\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4} # or unicode escape | \\U[0-9a-fA-F]{8} # or long unicode escape )* # one or more times " # end string Sunday, 11 August, 13
20. Parser Sunday, 11 August, 13
21. pg = ParserGenerator( [rule.name for rule in lexer.rules] + ['$end'], cache_id="hy_parser" ) # ... @pg.production("paren : LPAREN list_contents RPAREN") @set_boundaries def paren(p): return HyExpression(p[1]) @pg.production("paren : LPAREN RPAREN") @set_boundaries def empty_paren(p): return HyExpression([]) Sunday, 11 August, 13
22. Compiler Sunday, 11 August, 13
23. In Case of Emergency • Lean forward • Place head firmly between knees • Scream until it goes away Sunday, 11 August, 13
24. Problems Sunday, 11 August, 13
25. def hy_eval(hytree, namespace, module_name): foo = HyObject() foo.start_line = 0 foo.end_line = 0 foo.start_column = 0 foo.end_column = 0 hytree.replace(foo) _ast, expr = hy_compile(hytree, module_name, get_expr=True) # Spoof the positions in the generated ast... for node in ast.walk(_ast): node.lineno = 1 node.col_offset = 1 for node in ast.walk(expr): node.lineno = 1 node.col_offset = 1 # Two-step eval: eval() the body of the exec call eval(ast_compile(_ast, "<eval_body>", "exec"), namespace) # Then eval the expression context and return that return eval(ast_compile(expr, "<eval>", "eval"), namespace) Sunday, 11 August, 13
26. http://goo.gl/ce6jGN Sunday, 11 August, 13
27. MACROS Sunday, 11 August, 13
28. http://goo.gl/32eMO7 Sunday, 11 August, 13
29. • Parameterize your boilerplate • DSLs • Cheat • Program your programs Sunday, 11 August, 13
30. def macroexpand(tree, module_name): if isinstance(tree, HyExpression): if tree == []: return tree fn = tree[0] if fn in ("quote", "quasiquote"): return tree ntree = HyExpression(tree[:]) ntree.replace(tree) if isinstance(fn, HyString): m = _hy_macros[module_name].get(fn) if m is None: m = _hy_macros[None].get(fn) if m is not None: obj = _wrap_value(m(*ntree[1:])) obj.replace(tree) return obj return ntree return tree Sunday, 11 August, 13
31. (defun princ [the-string] (kwapply (print the-string) {"end" ""})) (defn print-tag [name closingp &kwargs attrs] (princ "<") (if closingp (princ "/")) (princ (.lower name)) (if (and attrs (not closingp)) (do (princ " ") (princ (.join " " (list-comp (.format "{0}='{1}'" k v) [[k v] (.items attrs)]))))) (print ">")) ;; then at the repl... ;; => (print-tag "body" False {"padding" 20}) ;; <body padding='20'> ;; => (print-tag "body" True) ;; </body> Sunday, 11 August, 13
32. (defmacro tag [name attrs &rest body] (quasiquote (progn (kwapply (print-tag (unquote name) False) (unquote attrs)) (unquote-splice (list body)) (print-tag (unquote name) True)))) Sunday, 11 August, 13
33. (tag "body" {"padding" 20} (tag "h1" {"color" "red"} (print "The Knutsens")) (tag "p" {} (print "Lorem ipsum dolor simet"))) ;; <body padding='20'> ;; <h1 color='red'> ;; The Knutsens ;; </h1> ;; <p> ;; Lorem ipsum dolor simet ;; </p> ;; </body> Sunday, 11 August, 13
34. (defmacro html [&rest body] (quasiquote (tag "html" {} (do (unquote-splice (list body)))))) (defmacro body [attrs &rest body] (quasiquote (tag "body" (unquote attrs) (unquote-splice (list body))))) (defmacro h1 [attrs &rest body] (quasiquote (tag "h1" (unquote attrs) (unquote-splice (list body))))) (defmacro p [attrs &rest body] (quasiquote (tag "p" (unquote attrs) (unquote-splice (list body))))) Sunday, 11 August, 13
35. (html (body {"padding" 20} (p {} (print "Who the f*ck are the Knutsen's!?")))) Sunday, 11 August, 13
36. Sunday, 11 August, 13
37. Join Us https://github.com/hylang/hy http://docs.hylang.org/en/latest/ Sunday, 11 August, 13
38. Bonus Level Sunday, 11 August, 13
39. Use ‘require’ to import modules with macros Sunday, 11 August, 13
40. Interop is fun Sunday, 11 August, 13
41. PDB works! Sunday, 11 August, 13