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An introduction to CSS3 for web developers
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Rachel Andrew
November 29, 2011
Technology
3
210
An introduction to CSS3 for web developers
Presentation for Microsoft TechDays, May 2011
Rachel Andrew
November 29, 2011
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Transcript
INTRODUCTION TO - CSS 3 - FOR WEB DEVELOPERS
RACHEL ANDREW
RACHEL ANDREW @rachelandrew rachelandrew.co.uk edgeofmyseat.com grabaperch.com
CSS 3
CSS3 IS THE NEXT VERSION OF CSS
CSS3 IS MODULAR
SOME CSS3 MODULES ARE MORE COMPLETE THAN OTHERS
W3C MATURITY LEVELS •Working Draft •Candidate Recommendation •Proposed Recommendation •W3C
Recommendation http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/tr#maturity-levels
CSS3 IS SUPPORTED BY BROWSERS Some browsers and some (parts
of) modules.
VENDOR-SPECIFIC EXTENSIONS Implementing early stage CSS3
border-radius
.box { -moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius: 10px; } border-radius
IN DEFENCE OF VENDOR-SPECIFIC EXTENSIONS
IN DEFENCE OF VENDOR-SPECIFIC EXTENSIONS •W3C Approved way to add
extensions
IN DEFENCE OF VENDOR-SPECIFIC EXTENSIONS •W3C Approved way to add
extensions •If a module changes browser doesn’t need to change and break older code
IN DEFENCE OF VENDOR-SPECIFIC EXTENSIONS •W3C Approved way to add
extensions •If a module changes browser doesn’t need to change and break older code •Use with care - and always include the real property
USING CSS3
USING CSS3 Selectors
SELECTORS MODULE W3C Proposed Recommendation http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/
THE PROBLEM WITH CSS2 SELECTORS Not precise Led to “classitis”
If we can’t access mark-up it is hard to target things
CSS3 SELECTORS “Common sense” new selectors target elements more precisely
without adding classes
first-child target an element when it is the first child
of a parent element
first-child
div#wrapper p:first-child { ! ! font-size: 1.5em; } first-child
first-child
last-child target an element when it is the last child
of a parent element
last-child
ul#navigation li:last-child { ! ! border-bottom: none; } last-child
last-child
nth-child select multiple elements according to their position in the
document tree
nth-child
tr:nth-child(odd) td { ! ! background-color: #f0e9c5; } nth-child
nth-child
tr:nth-child(2n+1) td { ! ! background-color: #f0e9c5; } nth-child http://reference.sitepoint.com/css/understandingnthchildexpressions
div#wrapper h1 + p { ! font-size: 1.5em; } Adjacent
Sibling
Adjacent Sibling
form input[type="text"] { } ! form input[type="submit"] { } Attribute
Selectors
Attribute Selectors
label[for="fContact"] { ! float: none; ! width: auto; } a[href
^="mailto:"] { ! ! padding-right: 20px; ! ! background-image:url(email.png); ! ! background-repeat: no-repeat; ! ! background-position: right center; } Attribute Selectors
BROWSER SUPPORT
BROWSER SUPPORT
DOES IT MATTER?
THAT DEPENDS...
YES, IT MATTERS.
JAVASCRIPT Plug the holes in browser support using JavaScript.
ROLL YOUR OWN
div#wrapper p:first-child, div#wrapper p.first { ! ! font-size: 1.5em; }
jQuery: first-child <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ ! $("div#wrapper p:first-child").addClass("first"); }); </script>
ul#navigation li:last-child, ul#navigation li.last { ! ! border-bottom: none; }
jQuery: last-child <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ ! $("ul#navigation li:last-child").addClass("last"); }); </script>
tr:nth-child(odd) td, td.odd { ! background-color: #f0e9c5; } jQuery: nth-child
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ ! $("tr:nth-child(odd) td").addClass("odd"); }); </script>
USE A “POLYFILL” “A polyfill, or polyfiller, is a piece
of code (or plugin) that provides the technology that you, the developer, expect the browser to provide natively. Flattening the API landscape if you will.” Remy Sharp - http://remysharp.com/2010/10/08/what-is-a-polyfill/
CSS3 POLYFILLS http://ecsstender.org http://selectivizr.com/
CAUTION REQUIRED Remember some users may have an old browser
AND no JavaScript
USING CSS3
USING CSS3 Color
COLOR MODULE Working Draft http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/
OPACITY specify the opacity of an element
opacity
ul#gallery li { ! ! opacity: 0.4; } ul#gallery li:hover
{ ! ! opacity: 1; } opacity
RGBA specify the opacity of a colour with ‘alpha’
RGBA
div#feature .caption { background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5); } RGBA
24WAYS.ORG
BROWSER SUPPORT?
USING CSS3
USING CSS3 Fonts
FONTS MODULE Working Draft http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-fonts/
@FONT-FACE using a font other than one installed on your
user’s computer
@font-face { ! font-family: KaffeesatzBold; ! src: url(YanoneKaffeesatz-Bold.ttf); } h1
{ ! font-family: KaffeesatzBold, sans-serif; ! font-weight: normal; } @font-face
BROWSER COMPATIBILITY We need to use different types of fonts
for different browsers and operating systems
LICENSING ISSUES Most commercial fonts have a license which prohibits
them being uploaded to a webserver.
FONTS WITH FONT SQUIRREL http://www.fontsquirrel.com
FONT SQUIRREL
@font-face { ! font-family: 'YanoneKaffeesatzBold'; ! ! src: url('yanonekaffeesatz-bold-webfont.eot'); !
! src: local('☺'), url('yanonekaffeesatz-bold-webfont.woff') format('woff'), url('yanonekaffeesatz-bold-webfont.ttf') format('truetype'), url('yanonekaffeesatz-bold-webfont.svg#webfontUcEp3Pt5') format('svg'); ! font-weight: normal; ! font-style: normal; } FONT SQUIRREL
HOSTED FONT SERVICES http://www.typekit.com http://fontdeck.com/ http://webfonts.fonts.com/
EDGEOFMYSEAT.COM
USING CSS3
USING CSS3 Backgrounds & Borders
BACKGROUNDS & BORDERS MODULE W3C Candidate Recommendation http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-background/
MULTIPLE BACKGROUNDS Apply more than one background image to an
element
blockquote { ! ! background: url(quote-left.gif) top left no-repeat, !
! url(quote-right.gif) bottom right no- repeat; ! } backgrounds
backgrounds
BORDER-RADIUS CSS rounded corners
.box1 { ! ! background-color: #a18c83; ! ! border: 3px
solid #6d4d6b; ! ! -moz-border-radius: 15px; ! ! -webkit-border-radius: 15px; border-radius: 15px; ! ! color: #fff; ! ! padding: 10px; ! ! margin: 0 0 20px 0; ! } ! ! .box2 { ! ! border: 5px solid #6d4d6b; ! ! -moz-border-radius-topleft: 50px; ! ! -webkit-border-top-left-radius: 50px; border-top-left-radius: 50px; ! ! padding: 10px 5px 5px 20px; ! } border-radius
border-radius
BOX-SHADOW drop shadows without images
.box1 { ! ! background-color: #333; ! ! -moz-border-radius: 15px;
! ! -webkit-border-radius: 15px; border-radius: 15px; -moz-box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px #666; -webkit-box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px #666; box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px #666; ! ! color: #fff; ! ! padding: 10px; ! ! margin: 0 0 20px 0; ! } box-shadow
box-shadow
BROWSER SUPPORT
CSS3 POLYFILLS http://css3pie.com/
USING CSS3
USING CSS3 CSS Media Queries
MEDIA QUERIES W3C Candidate Recommendation http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-mediaqueries/
MEDIA QUERIES target browser characteristics, for example screen resolution, width
and height
div#wrapper { ! width: 780px; ! margin-left: auto; ! margin-right:
auto; } ! div#header { ! background-image: url(media-queries-browser.jpg); ! height: 349px; ! position: relative; } ! #content { ! float: left; ! width: 540px; } ! #navigation { ! float:right; ! width: 200px; } Media Queries
Media Queries
@media screen and (max-device-width: 480px) { ! ! div#wrapper {
! ! ! width: 400px; ! ! } ! ! ! div#header { ! ! ! background-image: url(media-queries-phone.jpg); ! ! ! height: 93px; ! ! ! position: relative; ! ! } ! ! ! ! div#header h1 { ! ! ! font-size: 140%; ! ! } ! ! ! ! #content { ! ! ! float: none; ! ! ! width: 100%; ! ! } ! ! ! #navigation { ! ! ! float:none; ! ! ! width: auto; ! ! } ! } Media Queries
Media Queries
<link media="screen and (max-device-width: 480px)" href="small.css" type= "text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
Media Queries
MEDIAQUERI.ES
RESPONSIVE DESIGN http://www.alistapart.com/articles/responsive-web-design/
MOBILE BROWSER SUPPORT
YES!
YES! Unless you are targeting Windows Phone 7
PROVIDING CSS TO WINDOWS PHONE 7 http://adactio.com/journal/4494/
DESKTOP BROWSER SUPPORT
MEDIA QUERY SUPPORT
MEDIA QUERIES POLYFILLS http://code.google.com/p/css3-mediaqueries-js/ https://github.com/scottjehl/Respond
THANK YOU! Photo credit for Media Queries example: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dominicspics/4625808875/ Font
for web fonts example: http://www.yanone.de/typedesign/kaffeesatz/
THANK YOU! @rachelandrew http://wp.me/PorPc-cf Photo credit for Media Queries example:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dominicspics/4625808875/ Font for web fonts example: http://www.yanone.de/typedesign/kaffeesatz/