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Transcriptional plasticity in the hippocampus and its role in avoidance learning

Rayna M Harris
December 18, 2017

Transcriptional plasticity in the hippocampus and its role in avoidance learning

Slides from my thesis defense talk.

Rayna M Harris

December 18, 2017
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  1. Transcriptional plasticity in the hippocampus
    and its role in avoidance learning
    Rayna M. Harris
    Thesis Defense
    October 18, 2017
    1

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  2. 2
    How do we learn the best and worst ways
    to navigate around Austin?

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  3. 3
    How do we decide when to take a different
    route?

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  4. Learning, memory, and decision-making are
    controlled by multiple levels of biological
    organization
    4

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  5. The hippocampus is critical for
    remembering relationships in space and
    time
    5
    Hippocampus is the
    Greek word for Seahorse

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  6. Spatial information flows through awesome
    neurons in the hippocampal circuit
    6
    Weissman, Lichtman &
    Sanes, 2005
    Ramón y Cajal 1911

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  7. RNA sequencing allows us to measure the
    molecular response to learning
    7
    TCAGAATTTCTCAACGGTTCGAGATGGAAAGCAGCTTACGCCAGAGAGAGACTCCTCGAAACGTGTTCTG
    ACAGGATGCTTTCTCTCCCTGCTCATCTTCACCACGCTGCTAGGCAACACCCTGGTGTGCGCTGCCGTCA
    CCAAGTTCCGACACCTGAGGTCGAAGGTCACCAATTTCTTTGTCATCTCGCTGGCCATCTCTGACCTCCT
    GGTAGCTATTTTGGTAATGCCATGGAAGGCAGCGACAGAGATTGTGGGGTTTTGGCCGTTTGGTGCATTC
    TGCAACGTGTGGGTGGCATTTGACATAATGTGCTCCACTGCCTCCATCTTGAACTTGTGTGTGATTAGTG
    TCGATCGTTACTGGGCCATTTCAAGCCCATTCCGCTATGAACGCAAGATGACCCCTAAAGTAGCGTGTCT
    GATGATCAGTGTGGCATGGACCTTGTCTGTCCTCATCTCCTTCATTCCTGTTCAGCTTAACTGGCACAAA
    GCTCAGACCACCAGCTATGTCGAGCTAAATGGAACCTACCCTGATGATTTGCCCCCTGACAACTGTGACT
    TCAGTCTTAACAGGACCTATGCCATCTCCTCCTCCCTTATCAGCTTCTACATCCCCGTGGCAATTATGAT
    CGTCACTACACCCGGATCTACCGCATCGCCCAGACACAGATAAGGAGAATATCTGCTTTGGAGCGAGCA
    GCAGAGAGTGCCAAAAACCGACACAGCAGCATGGGAAACAGTTCAAACATGGACAGTGAGAGCTCATTTA
    AAATGTCATTCAAAAGAGAAACCAAAGTCTTAAAGACGCTCTCTGTCATAATGGGCGTGTTCGTGTGCTG
    CTGGTTGCCCTTCTTCATCCTAAACTGCATGGTTCCATTCTGTGAAACACACATGCCAGATGGATCCACA
    GAATTCCCCTGCATCAGCTCCACCACCTTTGATGTGTTTGTGTGGTTTGGCTGGGCAAACTCTTCGCTCA

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  8. Outline of my thesis research
    8

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  9. Outline of my thesis research
    1. How does conditioned place
    avoidance learning alter transcription
    in the hippocampal circuit?
    8

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  10. Outline of my thesis research
    1. How does conditioned place
    avoidance learning alter transcription
    in the hippocampal circuit?
    2. How does the expression of a
    single gene influence learning and
    transcription or other genes?
    8
    Phenotypes
    Transcriptomics
    Genetic
    Manipulation
    Genes

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  11. Outline of my thesis research
    1. How does conditioned place
    avoidance learning alter transcription
    in the hippocampal circuit?
    2. How does the expression of a
    single gene influence learning and
    transcription or other genes?
    3. How do laboratory methods
    influence our ability to understand the
    molecular substrates of learning?
    8
    Harris et al. 2017 BioRxiv
    https://github.com/raynamharris/DissociationTest/
    Phenotypes
    Transcriptomics
    Genetic
    Manipulation
    Genes

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  12. A 5 year collaboration in conjunction with
    the Neural Systems & Behavior Course
    2013 L-R: Me, Hans Hofmann, Ain Chung, André Fenton
    Additional Collaborators:
    Juan Marcos Alarcon,
    Hsin-Yi (Maddy) Kao
    9
    2017 students and faculty

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  13. A 5 year collaboration in conjunction with
    the Neural Systems & Behavior Course
    2013 L-R: Me, Hans Hofmann, Ain Chung, André Fenton
    Additional Collaborators:
    Juan Marcos Alarcon,
    Hsin-Yi (Maddy) Kao
    9
    2017 students and faculty

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  14. We built a a collaborative laboratory space
    every summer specifically for this project
    10

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  15. 11
    Using “Active Place Avoidance Task” for
    conditioned avoidance learning
    A mouse in the Active Place Avoidance arena

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  16. 11
    Using “Active Place Avoidance Task” for
    conditioned avoidance learning
    A mouse in the Active Place Avoidance arena

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  17. 11
    Using “Active Place Avoidance Task” for
    conditioned avoidance learning
    A mouse in the Active Place Avoidance arena Carousel in Paris analogy

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  18. Consistently trained, conflict trained, and yoked
    control groups
    12

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  19. Consistently trained, conflict trained, and yoked
    control groups
    12
    Yoked and trained mice are
    simultaneously shocked when the
    trained mouse enters the shock
    zone

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  20. Consistently trained, conflict trained, and yoked
    control groups
    12
    Yoked and trained mice are
    simultaneously shocked when the
    trained mouse enters the shock
    zone
    Trained mice show avoidance
    behavior while yoked mice do not

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  21. Consistently trained, conflict trained, and yoked
    control groups
    12
    Yoked and trained mice are
    simultaneously shocked when the
    trained mouse enters the shock
    zone
    Trained mice show avoidance
    behavior while yoked mice do not
    Conflict mice have to learn a new
    spatial association and override an
    old one

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  22. Cognitive training protocol and behavioral
    responses
    13 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/

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  23. Cognitive training protocol and behavioral
    responses
    13 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/


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    Speed
    Max Avoidance Time
    Number of Entrances
    Hab. T1 T2 T3 Retest T4 T5 T6 Reten.
    0
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    100
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    500
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    Training Session
    A
    B
    C

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  24. Cognitive training protocol and behavioral
    responses
    13 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/


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    Speed
    Max Avoidance Time
    Number of Entrances
    Hab. T1 T2 T3 Retest T4 T5 T6 Reten.
    0
    10
    20
    30
    100
    200
    300
    400
    500
    0.02
    0.04
    0.06
    Training Session
    *
    *
    *
    A
    B
    C

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  25. Additional behavioral measures illustrate
    that trained animals avoid the shock zone
    14 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/

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  26. Additional behavioral measures illustrate
    that trained animals avoid the shock zone
    14 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/

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  27. Research questions
    15
    vs.
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  28. Research questions
    15
    vs.
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    1. How does avoidance learning change
    gene expression in the hippocampus?
    vs.
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  29. Research questions
    15
    vs.
    vs.
    vs.
    vs.
    1. How does avoidance learning change
    gene expression in the hippocampus?
    2. Do consistent and conflict training
    have the same effects?
    vs.
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    vs.

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  30. Research questions
    15
    vs.
    vs.
    vs.
    vs.
    1. How does avoidance learning change
    gene expression in the hippocampus?
    2. Do consistent and conflict training
    have the same effects?
    3. Does receiving more shocks have an
    effect on the brain?
    vs.
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  31. My open and reproducible workflow
    https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    16

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  32. My open and reproducible workflow
    https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    16

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  33. My open and reproducible workflow
    https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    16

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  34. My open and reproducible workflow
    https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    16

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  35. My open and reproducible workflow
    https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    16

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  36. My open and reproducible workflow
    https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    16

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  37. Tissue source explains the most variation across samples
    17 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    Tissue samples from all 7 experimental groups

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  38. Tissue source explains the most variation across samples
    17 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    Tissue samples from all 7 experimental groups

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  39. 18 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    Volcano plots show fold-change difference
    and significance for all genes
    Log Fold Change

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  40. 18 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    Volcano plots show fold-change difference
    and significance for all genes
    Log Fold Change Log Fold Change Log Fold Change

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  41. ~100 Genes in DG are unregulated in
    response to consistent cognitive training
    19 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    Log Fold Change

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  42. Genes encoding transcription factors are
    up-regulated in DG in response to training
    20 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    Log Fold Change

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  43. Is this transcriptional activation related to
    neurogenesis and/or memory storage in the DG?
    21
    Sapolsky 2004
    Frankland lab

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  44. The CA1 response to both cognitive
    training and stressors
    22 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    Log Fold Change

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  45. Cognitive training activates ion channel
    signaling and membrane transport
    23 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    Log Fold Change

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  46. Additional stressors also activate ion channel
    signaling and membrane transport
    24 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/
    Log Fold Change

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  47. The classic molecular signaling cascade
    for learning also responds to stress
    25
    Ebert & Greenberg Nature 2013
    Learning Stress
    Ebert & Greenberg 2013

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  48. Slightly outta reach goal - identify genes
    that can increase or decrease learning
    26 https://github.com/raynamharris/IntegrativeProjectWT2015/

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  49. Chapter 2
    1. How does conditioned place
    avoidance learning alter transcription
    in the hippocampal circuit?
    2. How does the expression of a
    single gene influence learning and
    transcription or other genes?
    3. How do laboratory methods
    influence our ability to understand the
    molecular substrates of learning?
    27
    Phenotypes
    Transcriptomics
    Genetic
    Manipulation
    Genes

    View Slide

  50. Genotype to phenotype mapping
    28

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  51. Genotype to phenotype mapping
    28
    Phenotypes
    Transcriptomics
    Genetic
    Manipulation
    Genes

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  52. Genotype to phenotype mapping
    29
    Phenotypes
    Transcriptomics
    Genetic
    Manipulation
    Genes Behavior
    Transcriptomics
    Genetic
    Manipulation
    FMR1

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  53. Genotype to phenotype mapping
    30
    Phenotypes
    Transcriptomics
    Genetic
    Manipulation
    Genes Behavior
    Transcriptomics
    Genetic
    Manipulation
    FMR1
    Ebert & Greenberg Nature 2013

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  54. FMR1 knock down has subtle effects on
    conditioned avoidance learning
    31 https://github.com/raynamharris/FMR1CA1rnaseq

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  55. FMR1 knock down has subtle effects on
    conditioned avoidance learning
    31 https://github.com/raynamharris/FMR1CA1rnaseq

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  56. FMR1 knock down has subtle effects on
    CA1 gene expression in yoked mice
    32 https://github.com/raynamharris/FMR1CA1rnaseq

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  57. FMR1 knock down has subtle effects on
    CA1 gene expression in yoked mice
    32 https://github.com/raynamharris/FMR1CA1rnaseq

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  58. FMR1 knock down has subtle effects on
    CA1 gene expression in yoked mice
    32 https://github.com/raynamharris/FMR1CA1rnaseq

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  59. 33
    Summary of my thesis research

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  60. 33
    I investigated learning at the molecular,
    neural, and behavioral levels
    Summary of my thesis research

    View Slide

  61. 33
    I investigated learning at the molecular,
    neural, and behavioral levels
    I created an open and reproducible
    analysis workflow
    Summary of my thesis research

    View Slide

  62. 33
    I investigated learning at the molecular,
    neural, and behavioral levels
    I created an open and reproducible
    analysis workflow
    I found a striking pattern of
    transcriptional activity in DG in
    response to conditioned avoidance
    Summary of my thesis research

    View Slide

  63. 33
    I investigated learning at the molecular,
    neural, and behavioral levels
    I created an open and reproducible
    analysis workflow
    I found a striking pattern of
    transcriptional activity in DG in
    response to conditioned avoidance
    Transcription in the hippocampus is
    both plastic and robust
    Summary of my thesis research

    View Slide

  64. Things I’ve learned
    34

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  65. Things I’ve learned
    • Learning is hard to evaluate
    34

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  66. Things I’ve learned
    • Learning is hard to evaluate
    • Big, complex behavioral
    datasets can be summarized
    and interpreted
    34

    View Slide

  67. Things I’ve learned
    • Learning is hard to evaluate
    • Big, complex behavioral
    datasets can be summarized
    and interpreted
    • Neuromolecular responses
    are incredibly specific
    34

    View Slide

  68. Things I’ve learned
    • Learning is hard to evaluate
    • Big, complex behavioral
    datasets can be summarized
    and interpreted
    • Neuromolecular responses
    are incredibly specific
    • Genomic sequencing can’t
    provide the answer for all
    biological questions
    34

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  69. 35
    There is still so much to learn about
    learning, memory, and decision making

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  70. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    36

    View Slide

  71. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    • Collaborators Andre Fenton,
    Maddy Kao, Ain Chung, Juan
    Marcos Alarcon at NYU &
    SUNY Downstate
    • The Neural Systems & Behavior
    Community
    • NSF, NIH, Grass Foundation,
    Promega, UT Grad School,
    Hemsley Foundation
    36

    View Slide

  72. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    • My advisor, Hans Hofmann
    • Past and present Hofmann lab
    members (2009-2012-2017)
    • UT colleagues across
    departments and colleges
    • Thesis committee (Misha Matz
    Boris Zemelman, Laura Colgin,
    Andre Fenton)
    • Collaborators Andre Fenton,
    Maddy Kao, Ain Chung, Juan
    Marcos Alarcon at NYU &
    SUNY Downstate
    • The Neural Systems & Behavior
    Community
    • NSF, NIH, Grass Foundation,
    Promega, UT Grad School,
    Hemsley Foundation
    36

    View Slide

  73. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    • My advisor, Hans Hofmann
    • Past and present Hofmann lab
    members (2009-2012-2017)
    • UT colleagues across
    departments and colleges
    • Thesis committee (Misha Matz
    Boris Zemelman, Laura Colgin,
    Andre Fenton)
    • Collaborators Andre Fenton,
    Maddy Kao, Ain Chung, Juan
    Marcos Alarcon at NYU &
    SUNY Downstate
    • The Neural Systems & Behavior
    Community
    • NSF, NIH, Grass Foundation,
    Promega, UT Grad School,
    Hemsley Foundation
    36

    View Slide

  74. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    • My advisor, Hans Hofmann
    • Past and present Hofmann lab
    members (2009-2012-2017)
    • UT colleagues across
    departments and colleges
    • Thesis committee (Misha Matz
    Boris Zemelman, Laura Colgin,
    Andre Fenton)
    • Collaborators Andre Fenton,
    Maddy Kao, Ain Chung, Juan
    Marcos Alarcon at NYU &
    SUNY Downstate
    • The Neural Systems & Behavior
    Community
    • NSF, NIH, Grass Foundation,
    Promega, UT Grad School,
    Hemsley Foundation
    36

    View Slide

  75. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    • My advisor, Hans Hofmann
    • Past and present Hofmann lab
    members (2009-2012-2017)
    • UT colleagues across
    departments and colleges
    • Thesis committee (Misha Matz
    Boris Zemelman, Laura Colgin,
    Andre Fenton)
    • Collaborators Andre Fenton,
    Maddy Kao, Ain Chung, Juan
    Marcos Alarcon at NYU &
    SUNY Downstate
    • The Neural Systems & Behavior
    Community
    • NSF, NIH, Grass Foundation,
    Promega, UT Grad School,
    Hemsley Foundation
    36

    View Slide

  76. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    • My advisor, Hans Hofmann
    • Past and present Hofmann lab
    members (2009-2012-2017)
    • UT colleagues across
    departments and colleges
    • Thesis committee (Misha Matz
    Boris Zemelman, Laura Colgin,
    Andre Fenton)
    • Collaborators Andre Fenton,
    Maddy Kao, Ain Chung, Juan
    Marcos Alarcon at NYU &
    SUNY Downstate
    • The Neural Systems & Behavior
    Community
    • NSF, NIH, Grass Foundation,
    Promega, UT Grad School,
    Hemsley Foundation
    36

    View Slide

  77. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    • My advisor, Hans Hofmann
    • Past and present Hofmann lab
    members (2009-2012-2017)
    • UT colleagues across
    departments and colleges
    • Thesis committee (Misha Matz
    Boris Zemelman, Laura Colgin,
    Andre Fenton)
    • Collaborators Andre Fenton,
    Maddy Kao, Ain Chung, Juan
    Marcos Alarcon at NYU &
    SUNY Downstate
    • The Neural Systems & Behavior
    Community
    • NSF, NIH, Grass Foundation,
    Promega, UT Grad School,
    Hemsley Foundation
    36

    View Slide

  78. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    • My advisor, Hans Hofmann
    • Past and present Hofmann lab
    members (2009-2012-2017)
    • UT colleagues across
    departments and colleges
    • Thesis committee (Misha Matz
    Boris Zemelman, Laura Colgin,
    Andre Fenton)
    • Collaborators Andre Fenton,
    Maddy Kao, Ain Chung, Juan
    Marcos Alarcon at NYU &
    SUNY Downstate
    • The Neural Systems & Behavior
    Community
    • NSF, NIH, Grass Foundation,
    Promega, UT Grad School,
    Hemsley Foundation
    36

    View Slide

  79. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    • My advisor, Hans Hofmann
    • Past and present Hofmann lab
    members (2009-2012-2017)
    • UT colleagues across
    departments and colleges
    • Thesis committee (Misha Matz
    Boris Zemelman, Laura Colgin,
    Andre Fenton)
    • Collaborators Andre Fenton,
    Maddy Kao, Ain Chung, Juan
    Marcos Alarcon at NYU &
    SUNY Downstate
    • The Neural Systems & Behavior
    Community
    • NSF, NIH, Grass Foundation,
    Promega, UT Grad School,
    Hemsley Foundation
    36

    View Slide

  80. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    • My advisor, Hans Hofmann
    • Past and present Hofmann lab
    members (2009-2012-2017)
    • UT colleagues across
    departments and colleges
    • Thesis committee (Misha Matz
    Boris Zemelman, Laura Colgin,
    Andre Fenton)
    • Collaborators Andre Fenton,
    Maddy Kao, Ain Chung, Juan
    Marcos Alarcon at NYU &
    SUNY Downstate
    • The Neural Systems & Behavior
    Community
    • NSF, NIH, Grass Foundation,
    Promega, UT Grad School,
    Hemsley Foundation
    36

    View Slide

  81. Open and collaborative science is
    awesome!
    • My advisor, Hans Hofmann
    • Past and present Hofmann lab
    members (2009-2012-2017)
    • UT colleagues across
    departments and colleges
    • Thesis committee (Misha Matz
    Boris Zemelman, Laura Colgin,
    Andre Fenton)
    • Collaborators Andre Fenton,
    Maddy Kao, Ain Chung, Juan
    Marcos Alarcon at NYU &
    SUNY Downstate
    • The Neural Systems & Behavior
    Community
    • NSF, NIH, Grass Foundation,
    Promega, UT Grad School,
    Hemsley Foundation
    36

    View Slide