Everything we discuss is applicable strongly- typed languages (e.g. C#) • Most things are applicable to dynamically- typed languages (e.g. Ruby, Python, Perl)
Objects Framework is a design pattern which has become popular in test automation for making easy test maintenance and reducing code duplication. This design pattern, to interact or work with a web page, we have an object-oriented class for that web. Then the tests calls the methods of this page class by creating a page object whenever they need to interact or work with that web page. 7 q 1 Z a
example web application or website that has multiple web pages and each page offers different services and functionalities. • There are different pages like • Home page, • Login page, • Registration page. • Each page offers a specific set of services. Services offered by Login page Login by entering user name and password We can get page title A class to represent Login page is like
page objects framework: • Each page in the web application/website we consider as an object. • Each webpage in the web application is represented by a Class • Each service/functionality offered by a webpage is represented by a method in the respective page class We will be having our tests calling these methods by creating objects of page classes
1 Promotes reuse and refuses duplication 2 Makes tests more readable and robust 3 Makes tests less brittle 4 Improves maintainability, Particularly when there is frequent changes 5 If UI change, tests don’t need to be change, only the code within the page object need to be changed. 6 Handle of each page using its instance
is defined as it’s own class. • Actions (including navigation) are represented as functions for a class. • Each function can return a new Page object (navigating between pages), • Tests only talk to the page objects. • Page objects only talk to the Base Object. • Base Object talks to only driver. • Elements on the page are stored as variables for the page object
application you must wait for a transaction to complete before proceeding to your next action. • Sleeps should never be a version for an alternative to waits. Sleeps will ALWAYS wait the exact amount of time even if the application is ready to continue the test.
should wait as long as necessary which saves you precious time on your execution. • Selenium Offers 3 wait types: • Implicit Waits • Explicit Waits • Fluent Waits [
to every find element call. • undocumented and practically undefined behavior • Runs in the remote part of selenium (the part controlling the browser). • Only works on find element(s) methods. • Returns either element found or (after timeout) not found. • If checking for absence of element must always wait until timeout. • Cannot be customized other than global timeout. • Best practice is to not use implicit waits if possible.
• Explicit waits ping the application every 500ms checking for the condition of the wait to be true • Runs in the local part of selenium (in the language of your code) • Works on any condition you can think of • Returns either success or timeout error • Can define absence of element as success condition • Can customize delay between retries and exceptions to ignore
you define the wait between checks of the application for an object/condition as well as the overall timeout of the transaction. Additionally you must tell fluent waits not to throw an exception when they don’t find an object as best practice.
is a base class that aims to make writing PageObjects less painful. It does this by providing a standard way of ensuring that pages are loaded and providing hooks to make debugging the failure of a page to load easier. You can use it to help reduce the amount of boilerplate code in your tests, which in turn make maintaining your tests less tiresome. • There is currently an implementation in Java that ships as part of Selenium 2, but the approach used is simple enough to be implemented in any language.
base class in Selenium, which means that you can simply define your Page Objects as an extension of the LoadableComponent class. So, for example, we can simply define a LoginPage object as follows:
Pattern also allows you to model your page objects as a tree of nested components. • Allows better way to manage navigations between pages • Uses the “load” method that is used to navigate to the page and the “isLoaded” method which is used to determine if we are on the right page.
is a sub class of LoadableComponent. • get() for SlowLoadableComponent will ensure that the component is currently loaded.Ensure that the component is currently loaded. • isError() method will check for well known error cases, which would mean that loading has finished, but an error condition was seen. • waitFor() method will wait to run the next time. After a call to load(), the isLoaded() method will continue to fail until the component has fully loaded.
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