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Weighted Pressure Matching Based on Kernel Interpolation for Sound Field Reproduction

Weighted Pressure Matching Based on Kernel Interpolation for Sound Field Reproduction

Slides for "Weighted Pressure Matching Based on Kernel Interpolation for Sound Field Reproduction" presented at 24th International Congress on Acoustics (ICA) 2022
Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.14711

Shoichi Koyama

October 26, 2022
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  1. Weighted Pressure Matching Based on Kernel Interpolation for Sound Field

    Reproduction Shoichi Koyama and Kazuyuki Arikawa The University of Tokyo, Japan ABS-0197
  2. Background Ø Sound field reproduction using loudspeakers ⎼ Recreating spatial

    sound for VR/AR audio, multizone system for personal audio, spatial noise cancellation Ø Two major approaches to sound field reproduct ion ⎼ Analytical approach based on integral equation • Fast and stable computation, but array geometry must be simple ⎼ Numerical approach based on minimization of squa red error • Arbitrary array geometry, but computational cost is relatively high 26 October 2022 2 Our focus because of practical applicability
  3. Problem Formulation Ø Optimization problem to be solved ( omitted)

    26 October 2022 3 : Target region Secondary source Goal: Synthesizing desired sound field inside with secondary sources (loudspeakers) <latexit sha1_base64="SbdBLMPsjw6ciQkjzJuiJJhjGvk=">AAACF3icbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqksXBotQQUoiRV0W3bisYB/QlDCZ3LZDZyZhZiKUkKUf4Te41bU7cevSpX/i9LGwrQcuHM65l3vvCWJGlXacbyu3srq2vpHfLGxt7+zuFfcPmipKJIEGiVgk2wFWwKiAhqaaQTuWgHnAoBUMb8d+6xGkopF40KMYuhz3Be1RgrWR/OJx4qcex3ogeRqCyrKyF/BUZudexKGPz/xiyak4E9jLxJ2REpqh7hd/vDAiCQehCcNKdVwn1t0US00Jg6zgJQpiTIa4Dx1DBeaguunkkcw+NUpo9yJpSmh7ov6dSDFXasQD0zm+WS16Y/E/r5Po3nU3pSJONAgyXdRLmK0je5yKHVIJRLORIZhIam61yQBLTLTJbm5LwDOTibuYwDJpXlTcy0r1vlqq3czSyaMjdILKyEVXqIbuUB01EEFP6AW9ojfr2Xq3PqzPaWvOms0cojlYX7/bXqDc</latexit> udes(r, !) <latexit sha1_base64="OlngG7bMYm0AnUElZFcGXeuuUPg=">AAAB/HicbVA9SwNBEJ2LXzF+RS1tFoNgFe5E1DJoY2cE8wHJEfY2k2TN7t2xuyeEI/4GW63txNb/Yuk/cZNcYRIfDDzem2FmXhALro3rfju5ldW19Y38ZmFre2d3r7h/UNdRohjWWCQi1QyoRsFDrBluBDZjhVQGAhvB8GbiN55QaR6FD2YUoy9pP+Q9zqixUr19J7FPO8WSW3anIMvEy0gJMlQ7xZ92N2KJxNAwQbVueW5s/JQqw5nAcaGdaIwpG9I+tiwNqUTtp9Nrx+TEKl3Si5St0JCp+ncipVLrkQxsp6RmoBe9ifif10pM78pPeRgnBkM2W9RLBDERmbxOulwhM2JkCWWK21sJG1BFmbEBzW0J5Nhm4i0msEzqZ2Xvonx+f16qXGfp5OEIjuEUPLiECtxCFWrA4BFe4BXenGfn3flwPmetOSebOYQ5OF+/In2Vmg==</latexit> ⌦ <latexit sha1_base64="VJ5RMQ2GKmQZdUQJz96dZvLRnxA=">AAAB93icbVA9SwNBEN2LXzF+RS1tFoNgFe4kqGXQxsIiAfMByRH2NnPJkt29Y3dPOI78Alut7cTWn2PpP3GTXGESHww83pthZl4Qc6aN6347hY3Nre2d4m5pb//g8Kh8fNLWUaIotGjEI9UNiAbOJLQMMxy6sQIiAg6dYHI/8zvPoDSL5JNJY/AFGUkWMkqMlZqPg3LFrbpz4HXi5aSCcjQG5Z/+MKKJAGkoJ1r3PDc2fkaUYZTDtNRPNMSETsgIepZKIkD72fzQKb6wyhCHkbIlDZ6rfycyIrRORWA7BTFjverNxP+8XmLCWz9jMk4MSLpYFCYcmwjPvsZDpoAanlpCqGL2VkzHRBFqbDZLWwIxtZl4qwmsk/ZV1buu1pq1Sv0uT6eIztA5ukQeukF19IAaqIUoAvSCXtGbkzrvzofzuWgtOPnMKVqC8/ULSPOTbw==</latexit> L Synthesized sound field <latexit sha1_base64="8qio4RZXAHKqEllIRDtrAOIPYrk=">AAACpnicfZFNbxMxEIadbaEhBZqUI5dVo0oVQtEuilqOEe2BC5BKzYeUjcqsM9mY+GNlexHpav9AT1zhn/Fv8KZJ1Q/CSJYevfPaM+OJU86MDYI/FW9r+8nTneqz2u7zFy/36o39vlGZptijiis9jMEgZxJ7llmOw1QjiJjjIJ6flvnBd9SGKXlhFymOBSSSTRkF66R+pAQmcFlvBq1gGf5jCFfQJKvoXjYq19FE0UygtJSDMaMwSO04B20Z5VjUosxgCnQOCY4cShBoxvmy3cI/dMrEnyrtjrT+Ur17IwdhzELEzinAzszDXCn+KzfK7PT9OGcyzSxKelNomnHfKr+c3Z8wjdTyhQOgmrlefToDDdS6H7pXJRZFrRadoRtO4ydX6EuKGqzSb/IIdCLgR+GGTaK3Jf3PyOTa6GiT0T3CBLvCIr+ljVYm19Y1ue2FD3f1GPrvWuFxq33ebnY+rPZYJa/JATkiITkhHfKRdEmPUPKN/CS/yG/vyPvs9bzBjdWrrO68IvfC+/oXAv7V5g==</latexit> ! <latexit sha1_base64="jXBfTdmzlzCxe3eJ2RCk10ZxZxw=">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</latexit> dl <latexit sha1_base64="2143p1RAQMlzka1H5YkQBHUMHYo=">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</latexit> gl(r) • : Driving signal of th secondary sources • : Transfer function of th secondary source <latexit sha1_base64="bKgRyukOmCpfZztJEARaEMlc1nM=">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</latexit> l Difficult to solve owing to regional integration <latexit sha1_base64="RWeo9gsx7R95v6g5HAw/6N3HJ1E=">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</latexit> minimize {dl }L l=1 J := Z r2⌦ L X l=1 dlgl(r) udes(r) 2 dr <latexit sha1_base64="bKgRyukOmCpfZztJEARaEMlc1nM=">AAACoXicfZFNSwMxEIbT9bt+Vo9eFosgImVXRD0W9aAHsYrVQreU2XRag0l2SbJiXfYP6FV/nP/GtLZi1ToQeHjnTWYmE8acaeN57zlnYnJqemZ2Lj+/sLi0vFJYvdFRoihWacQjVQtBI2cSq4YZjrVYIYiQ4214f9zL3z6g0iyS16YbY0NAR7I2o2CsdMmbK0Wv5PXD/Q3+AIpkEJVmIfcctCKaCJSGctC67nuxaaSgDKMcs3yQaIyB3kMH6xYlCNSNtN9p5m5apeW2I2WPNG5f/X4jBaF1V4TWKcDc6Z+5nvhXrp6Y9mEjZTJODEr6WaidcNdEbm9st8UUUsO7FoAqZnt16R0ooMZ+zkiVUGT5fHCCdjiF57bQRYwKTKS20wBUR8BjZoftBDs9+s/I5NBoaZzRPsIEe8Is/aKxViaH1iHZ7fk/d/UbbnZL/n5p73KvWD4a7HGWrJMNskV8ckDK5JRUSJVQguSFvJI3p+icORXn6tPq5AZ31shIOPUP1irTuw==</latexit> l
  4. Pressure Matching (PM) Ø Discretize target region into control points

    Ø Optimization problem for PM becomes simple least-squares problem 26 October 2022 4 <latexit sha1_base64="V9SycBRbehDy9zsTAA8X3hDIM1c=">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</latexit> ⌦ <latexit sha1_base64="q0uECYVB1NlCDNpVOene+1Qk19c=">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</latexit> N ( L) : Target region Secondary source <latexit sha1_base64="Sfob4tqImS+gkH7eBMlgYAHh4Uo=">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</latexit> minimize d2CL Gd udes 2 + ⌘kdk2 <latexit sha1_base64="i9WfaOjLrhWO59r+nVt9MC7/SLM=">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</latexit> d = GHG + ⌘I 1 GHudes Transfer function matrix Driving signal vector Desired pressure vector Regularization term Closed-form solution is obtained as J Simple implementation L Fine discretization of is necessary <latexit sha1_base64="V9SycBRbehDy9zsTAA8X3hDIM1c=">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</latexit> ⌦ Control points [Kirkeby+ 1996]
  5. Idea: From Discrete To Continuous ⎼ PM is simple for

    implementation, but there is no guarantee that sound field in region between control points is accurately synthesized ⎼ Mode Matching / Weighted Mode Matching [Poletti 2005, Ueno+ 2019] can be u sed to synthesize continuous sound field based on expansion representation, b ut sometimes implementation is costly 26 October 2022 5 How can we take region between control points into consideration? Our idea: Incorporating sound field interpolation technique into PM • Continuous sound field estimated from measurements at control points is synthesized • Resulting algorithm is still simple for implementation
  6. Kernel Interpolation of Sound Field Ø Problem to be solved:

    ⎼ is defined as reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) of functions satisfying Helmholtz equation 26 October 2022 6 Sound field interpolation problem: Estimating pressure distribution from discrete set of pressure measurements Microphone Target region <latexit sha1_base64="9n2GOIU2cD3bLvRyOxth8Ba75wo=">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</latexit> u(r) <latexit sha1_base64="z0ahexJzHErTl2aMuXpIqAeNku4=">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</latexit> {sm }M m=1 <latexit sha1_base64="PRD7C0lQGhlJU5eKkV0Yt0am0fM=">AAACwXicfZFdaxNBFIYnW7UxfrX10pvFIIhI2JXQ9jK0XvRGjGCaQDaEs5Oz6ZD5WGZmxXTYn9Hb6t/y3zi7ScS0xgMDD+95Z86Zc9KcM2Oj6Fcj2Hvw8NF+83HrydNnz18cHB5dGlVoigOquNKjFAxyJnFgmeU4yjWCSDkO08V5lR9+Q22Ykl/tMseJgLlkGaNgvTROBNgrQ7W7KKcH7agT1RHeh3gNbbKO/vSw8TOZKVoIlJZyMGYcR7mdONCWUY5lKykM5kAXMMexRwkCzcTVPZfhG6/Mwkxpf6QNa/XvGw6EMUuRemfd491cJf4rNy5sdjpxTOaFRUlXhbKCh1aF1QDCGdNILV96AKqZ7zWkV6CBWj+mrSqp2PqDq2ppk5my1Uo+ov+yxk9e+pyjBqv0O5eAngv4XvoRzJP3Ff3PyOTG6GmX0T/CBLvG0v2hnVYmN9YN+Z3Gdzd4Hy4/dOLjTvdLt907W2+3SV6R1+QtickJ6ZEL0icDQokiN+SW/AjOAxbkgV5Zg8b6zkuyFYH7DQJB4aQ=</latexit> H <latexit sha1_base64="x4Md0aewS5WVf4Dp1Tdcn+GoYFY=">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</latexit> minimize u2H M X m=1 |u(rm) sm |2 + kuk2 H Measurements at . <latexit sha1_base64="hj3I9Dgk3Sd6Ujm03DjMLheZ55A=">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</latexit> {rm }M m=1 Kernel ridge regression (KRR) having closed-form solution <latexit sha1_base64="C1y+nANE4NtEfn2RBM324STJoeU=">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</latexit> r2 + k2 u = 0 [Ueno+2018]
  7. <latexit sha1_base64="BpUMj8y6fI2+LPQuRMWoXjnLaqw=">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</latexit> ⇢ = 0 <latexit sha1_base64="3hf60yYYQ7HvahG+/44qvpc1Skk=">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</latexit> ⇢ = 1.0

    <latexit sha1_base64="G3HeMTKiNSRWAGIadt4AyvfR3dw=">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</latexit> ⇢ = 2.0 <latexit sha1_base64="RgAQQ0q6zDhPdd8dXTMhg6LNaeU=">AAACwnicfZHBThsxEIadpRQItAV65LJqhIRQFe0iVDgi4NBLVSo1gJSN0Kwzmxhs72LPIoLZ1+i1vFbfpt6QVA2UjmTp0z+/PeOZtJDCUhT9agRzr+ZfLywuNZdX3rx9t7q2fmrz0nDs8Fzm5jwFi1Jo7JAgieeFQVCpxLP06qjOn92gsSLX32lUYE/BQItMcCAvJckQyCWpcqaqLlZbUTsaR/gc4gm02CROLtYaD0k/56VCTVyCtd04KqjnwJDgEqtmUlosgF/BALseNSi0PTduugo3vdIPs9z4oykcq3/fcKCsHanUOxXQ0D7N1eK/ct2Ssv2eE7ooCTV/LJSVMqQ8rCcQ9oVBTnLkAbgRvteQD8EAJz+nmSqpmvmDq2sZm9mq2UyO0X/Z4BcvfS3QAOVm2yVgBgpuKz+CQfKxpv8ZhZ4aPb1k9I8IJe6wcn/oRavQU+uU/E7jpxt8Dqc77fhTe/fbbuvgcLLdRbbBPrAtFrM9dsA+sxPWYZwV7Af7yR6C4+AyuA7sozVoTO68ZzMR3P8GjfHiRg==</latexit> ˆ r Kernel Interpolation of Sound Field Ø Closed-form solution of KRR: Ø Kernel function is derived based on plane-w ave expansion of w/ directional weighting 7 <latexit sha1_base64="76SsmHACycaeerxrpHAfiPv4kYM=">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</latexit> ˆ u(r) = (r)T(K + I) 1s <latexit sha1_base64="qdSF85kysKtI4XV18L6lSwxzoYE=">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</latexit> K = 2 6 4 (r1, r1) · · · (r1, rM ) . . . ... . . . (rM , r1) · · · (rM , rM ) 3 7 5 <latexit sha1_base64="fD8YycZVniKUcusg/LTrYnUYQGE=">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</latexit> (r) = [(r, r1), . . . , (r, rM )]T <latexit sha1_base64="0yZ8FhNGKWDlvIUhPuY7fCw+1C8=">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</latexit> s = [s1, . . . , sM ]T <latexit sha1_base64="FkUh4/A79GGGtmT24QqyB0CwOhU=">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</latexit>  <latexit sha1_base64="Ph4PT3bBewEYY58IjmVshbM5rfc=">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</latexit> u Prior information on source direction can be incorporated by setting and ( w/o prior information) <latexit sha1_base64="ZLwBtAM1Ib33SXGbdxPRzNrz+JI=">AAACunicfZFNT9tAEIY3bstHaPkox16sRkgIVZGNEHDggIBDLxVUagApjtB4M05W2Q9rd4wIlv8C1/bYv9V/03VIqgZKR1rp0Tvv7szspLkUjqLoVyN49frNwuLScnPl7bvVtfWN95fOFJZjhxtp7HUKDqXQ2CFBEq9zi6BSiVfp6LTOX92idcLobzTOsadgoEUmOFAtJXZobtZbUTuaRPgc4im02DQubjYaP5O+4YVCTVyCc904yqlXgiXBJVbNpHCYAx/BALseNSh0vXLSbBVueaUfZsb6oymcqH/fKEE5N1apdyqgoXuaq8V/5boFZYe9Uui8INT8sVBWyJBMWE8e9oVFTnLsAbgVvteQD8ECJ/8/c1VSNTdDWdeyLnNVs5mcoR/Z4hcvnedogYzdKROwAwV3lf+CQfKppv8ZhZ4ZPb1k9I8IJe6xKv/Qi1ahZ9YZ+Z3GTzf4HC532/F+e+/rXuv4ZLrdJfaBfWTbLGYH7Jh9Zheswzgbsgf2nf0IjoI0EMHo0Ro0pnc22VwE9Bsh9d51</latexit> ⇢ <latexit sha1_base64="RgAQQ0q6zDhPdd8dXTMhg6LNaeU=">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</latexit> ˆ r <latexit sha1_base64="BpUMj8y6fI2+LPQuRMWoXjnLaqw=">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</latexit> ⇢ = 0 [Ueno+2021] <latexit sha1_base64="rTvdNEx1yBe5ynjDedAFkkQMHYk=">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</latexit> (r1, r2) = 1 4⇡ Z S 2 e⇢⇠T ˆ r · e jk⇠T(r1 r2)d⇠ = j0 ✓q (j⇢ˆ r k(r1 r2))T (j⇢ˆ r k(r1 r2)) ◆ Directional weighting Plane-wave function
  8. Weighted Pressure Matching (WPM) Ø Transfer functions and desired sound

    field are estimated from those at control points: 26 October 2022 8 Pressure matching for continuous region based on kernel interpolation of sound field <latexit sha1_base64="Z0AmhYrHXaD/v/mnKRv4jQi+uQg=">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</latexit> ˆ gl(r) = l(r)T (Kl + I) 1 gl := zl(r)Tgl ˆ udes(r) = des(r)T Kdes + I 1 udes := zdes(r)Tudes <latexit sha1_base64="p0fjoyIvK6tb3hgx2ZsENWz9sng=">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</latexit> gl zl zdes : th column vector of : Interpolation filter for th secondary source : Interpolation filter for desired sound field <latexit sha1_base64="fpNvqQSaiq3EAVjrWImrentCUPE=">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</latexit> l <latexit sha1_base64="fpNvqQSaiq3EAVjrWImrentCUPE=">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</latexit> l <latexit sha1_base64="BR1A+QzljQkrLUE6Xa2pLUHhvAo=">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</latexit> G <latexit sha1_base64="yp9z3pk7gLsF47gzBtFSbT7we/w=">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</latexit> {gl(r)}L l=1 <latexit sha1_base64="eTlYhZ4rAeA3LZGCYohHLkZe67c=">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</latexit> udes(r)
  9. Weighted Pressure Matching (WPM) Ø Original cost function is approximated

    as 26 October 2022 9 Pressure matching for continuous region based on kernel interpolation of sound field <latexit sha1_base64="6WztWwc1hWZjMCHMsB5/RgWOyvQ=">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</latexit> J ⇡ Z ⌦ L X l=1 dlˆ gl(r) ˆ udes(r) 2 dr = dHWggd dHWguudes + C Term unrelated to optimization <latexit sha1_base64="WQInd843sFKVU8B8AhGqYQkd/k0=">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</latexit> Wgg = Z ⌦ ˆ g(r)⇤ ˆ g(r)Tdr Wgu = Z ⌦ ˆ g(r)⇤zdes(r)Tdr
  10. Weighted Pressure Matching (WPM) Ø Optimal driving signal is obtained

    by solving 26 October 2022 10 Pressure matching for continuous region based on kernel interpolation of sound field <latexit sha1_base64="1Af9/08Z/SKxKtrwdoszPfqdw5w=">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</latexit> minimize d2CL dHWggd dHWguudes + ⌘kdk2 <latexit sha1_base64="U3oSx90XsflYLeRSeqqzEsoEM6M=">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</latexit> ˆ d = (Wgg + ⌘I) 1 Wguudes Driving signals of WPM can still be obtained in closed form with and computed in advance <latexit sha1_base64="tMAaLxRZSrItF5zCP37eJbzWzp0=">AAACwXicjVFdSxtBFJ2sVdP4UbWPfVkahFIkJCLVRzE+9KVUwRghG8Ldyd11yHwsM7NiHPZn+Gr7t/w3zsZETGnECwOHc8+dcz/ijDNjm83HSrD0YXlltfqxtra+sflpa3vn0qhcU+xQxZW+isEgZxI7llmOV5lGEDHHbjxql/nuDWrDlLyw4wz7AlLJEkbBeqoXxcJ1i4FL02KwVW81mpMIF4M6mcbZYLvyNxoqmguUlnIwptdqZrbvQFtGORa1KDeYAR1Bij0PJQg0fTfpuQh3PTMME6X9kzacsK8rHAhjxiL2SgH22vybK8n/5Xq5TY76jskstyjps1GS89CqsFxAOGQaqeVjD4Bq5nsN6TVooNavac4lFnMzuNJLm8QUtVp0in5kjb889TtDDVbp7y4CnQq4LfwK0mivRG8JmZwJPVok9J8wwe6wcC9ooZTJmXSG3nfTy/1G60fj4PygfnwyvW6VfCFfyTfSIofkmPwkZ6RDKFHknjyQP0E7YEEW6GdpUJnWfCZzEbgnMJLhuA==</latexit> Wgg <latexit sha1_base64="rNx0kugR1pfdDgJfUlYFB/V2Of8=">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</latexit> Wgu
  11. Weighted Pressure Matching (WPM) Ø When uniform weighting is used

    for all kernel functions Ø Simplified form of WPM: 26 October 2022 11 <latexit sha1_base64="uNcQfK4yfT9hkIwhc/cOg/pi1j0=">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</latexit> ⇢ = 0 <latexit sha1_base64="+p2j06MEkc6GJHQC+74+Yr4imr8=">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</latexit> zl(r)T = zdes(r)T = (r)T (K + I) 1 := z(r)T <latexit sha1_base64="7gVR17IfZ489Y5jx0/T7sM43dx8=">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</latexit> ˆ d = arg min d2CL Gd udes H W Gd udes = GHW G + ⌘I 1 GHW udes <latexit sha1_base64="wBoAciZ2FK9Swr355ix7ob1QUvE=">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</latexit> W = Z ⌦ z(r)⇤z(r)Tdr • Simple implementation as PM because difference is only in • Equivalent to PM when setting <latexit sha1_base64="mZ+VzgGNk11slFRQT3Ji4ZlbHiY=">AAACvHicfZFNaxsxEIblTdq42y87PeayxBRKKWa3hCSnEpoecgl1oP4ArzGz8qyjWNIukjbUXfY/5Nqe8rf6b6r1R6jtOAOCh3deaWY0UcqZNr7/t+Ls7D57vld94b589frN21p9v6OTTFFs04QnqheBRs4ktg0zHHupQhARx240OS/z3VtUmiXyh5mmOBAwlixmFIyVOmEk8m4xrDX8pj8LbxOCBTTIIlrDeuU+HCU0EygN5aB1P/BTM8hBGUY5Fm6YaUyBTmCMfYsSBOpBPmu38N5bZeTFibJHGm+m/n8jB6H1VETWKcBc6/VcKT6W62cmPh3kTKaZQUnnheKMeybxytm9EVNIDZ9aAKqY7dWj16CAGvtDK1UisTJDXtZSOtaF64bf0I6s8NJK31NUYBL1MQ9BjQX8LOwXjMNPJT1lZHJptLTNaB9hgv3CIn+grVYml9Yl2Z0G6xvchM7nZnDcPLo6apx9XWy3Sg7IIflAAnJCzsgFaZE2oeSG3JHf5I/zxRk5E0fMrU5lcecdWQnn9h9gHt9e</latexit> W <latexit sha1_base64="FryaIuIfppk21GAOQWJ36qR/hO0=">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</latexit> W = I
  12. Experiments Ø Setting ⎼ 2D free field ⎼ Target region

    : square of 1.0 m x 1.0 m ⎼ 12 loudspeakers along square of 2.0 m x 2.0 m ⎼ 16 control points regularly placed over ⎼ Desired field: plane wave (direction π/4 rad) ⎼ Methods: PM and WPM (uniform/directional) ⎼ Evaluation measure: 26 October 2022 12 <latexit sha1_base64="aJVm6ibCtbqRlu7KgruECMVr7Qw=">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</latexit> ⌦ <latexit sha1_base64="aJVm6ibCtbqRlu7KgruECMVr7Qw=">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</latexit> ⌦ <latexit sha1_base64="pwALjy0aTVrkx9spC90eFVvFuo4=">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</latexit> SDR(!) = R ⌦ |udes(r, !)|2dr R ⌦ |usyn(r, !) udes(r, !)|2dr Synthesized sound field Loudspeaker Control points <latexit sha1_base64="aJVm6ibCtbqRlu7KgruECMVr7Qw=">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</latexit> ⌦ <latexit sha1_base64="25KP8hk1YdPe5CKBd9D45UODAns=">AAACvnicfZFdaxNBFIYnW6sxrZrUS28WQ0FEwm6JtjdCqF54I0YwbSAbwtnJ2WTofCwzs5J02T/R2/aif8t/42w+xKTGAwMP73lnzjlz4pQzY4PgV8Xbe7T/+En1ae3g8NnzF/XG0YVRmabYo4or3Y/BIGcSe5ZZjv1UI4iY42V89anMX/5EbZiSP+w8xaGAiWQJo2Cd1I/0VH183wpG9WbQChbhP4RwBU2yiu6oUbmPxopmAqWlHIwZhEFqhzloyyjHohZlBlOgVzDBgUMJAs0wXzRc+MdOGfuJ0u5I6y/Uv2/kIIyZi9g5Bdip2c6V4r9yg8wmZ8OcyTSzKOmyUJJx3yq/nN4fM43U8rkDoJq5Xn06BQ3Uuj/aqBKLjRnyspY2iSlqtegzupE1fnXStxQ1WKXf5hHoiYBZ4b5gEr0r6X9GJtdGR7uM7hEm2DUW+R/aaWVybV2T22m4vcGHcHHSCj+02t/bzc75artV8oq8Jm9ISE5Jh3whXdIjlHByQ27JndfxEk94amn1Kqs7L8lGeLPfpFbfbQ==</latexit> ⇢ = 5.0
  13. Result: Frequency vs. SDR Ø SDR between 100 – 800

    Hz 26 October 2022 13 WPM outperformed PM particularly at high frequencies (Uniform) Good Bad
  14. Result: Pressure and Error Distribution Ø At 450 Hz 26

    October 2022 14 PM WPM (uniform) WPM (directional) Pressure Error SDR: 11.9 dB SDR: 17.3 dB SDR: 18.3 dB
  15. Conclusion Ø Weighted pressure matching for sound field reproduction ⎼

    PM incorporated with kernel interpolation of sound field ⎼ Weighting matrices defined with integration of kernel functions are used to approximate cost function ⎼ Implementation is still simple owing to closed-form solution ⎼ Outperformed (standard) PM in experiments, especially at high frequencies 26 October 2022 15 Paper on comparing weighted pressure/mode matching will be published on Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Special Issue on Spatial Audio! Koyama, Kimura, and Ueno, “Weighted Pressure and Mode Matching for Sound Field Reproducti on: Theoretical and Experimental Comparisons,” Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, 2022. ( in press) Paper: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2022.0058 Codes: https://www.sh01.org/MeshRIR/ (included in example codes of MeshRIR dataset)