Android iBeacon development and wearables integration @ Droidcon Berlin' 15

Slides from my talk at Droidcon Berlin 2015 about Android BLE development and iBeacon.

Transcript

1. Android iBeacon development and wearables integration Kseniia Shumelchyk GDG Dnipropetrovsk/WTM Ukraine
2. iBeacon • iBeacon is a protocol standardised by Apple and introduced at the WWDC in 2013 • Based on top of BLE • BLE works starting from 4S on Apple • BLE works starting from 4.3 on Android
3. Internal structure
4. Typical Beacon usage
5. What is BLE? Bluetooth low energy (Bluetooth Smart) is a wireless personal area network technology aimed for novel applications in the healthcare, fitness, beacons, security, and home entertainment industries
6. • Not backward-compatible (with classic Bluetooth protocol) • Uses same radio frequencies - 2.4 GGZ • 1 Mbps (1-3 Mbps with regular bluetooth) • Embedded devices & wearables
7. Technical Specification Classic Bluetooth technology Bluetooth Smart technology Distance/Range (theoretical max.) 100 m (330 ft) >100 m (>330 ft) Over the air data rate 1–3 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s Active slaves 7 Not defined; implementation dependent Minimum total time to send data 100 ms 3 ms Power consumption 1 W as the reference 0.01 to 0.5 W (depending on use case)
8. Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) • Client - A device that initiates GATT commands and requests, and accepts responses, for example a computer or smartphone • Server - A device that receives GATT commands and requests, and returns responses, for example a temperature sensor. • Characteristic - A data value transferred between client and server, for example the current battery voltage.
9. • Service - A collection of related characteristics, which operate together to perform a particular function. For instance, the Health Thermometer service includes characteristics for a temperature measurement value, and a time interval between measurements. • Descriptor - A descriptor provides additional information about a characteristic. For instance, a temperature value characteristic may have an indication of its units (e.g. Celsius), and the maximum and minimum values which the sensor can measure. Descriptors are optional - each characteristic can have any number of descriptors.
10. GATT Operations • Discover UUIDs for all primary services • Find a service with a given UUID • Find secondary services for a given primary service • Discover all characteristics for a given service • Find characteristics matching a given UUID • Read all descriptors for a particular characteristic
11. Beacon’s Advertisement • Beacon advertises a data package called the Scan Response Data • This Data can be up to 31 bytes. • The scan response is divided into AD structures
12. Ad Structure 1 0x02 0x01 0x1A Remaining length AD Type Data 2 Flags Flag
13. Ad Structure 2 0x1B 0xFF 0xE0 0x00 0xBE 0xAC Remaining length AD Type Manufacturer ID Beacon prefix 27 Manufacturer specific 224 (Google) Ad Structure 2 0x0C […] 0xBB 0x00 0x09 0x00 0x06 0xBA UUID (16 bytes) Major Minor TX Power 9 6 -70
14. 02 01 06 1A FF 4C 00 02 15: prefix (fixed except for 3rd byte - flags) B9 40 7F 30 F5 F8 46 6E AF F9 25 55 6B 57 FE 6D: UUID 00 49: major 00 0A: minor C5: measured TX power
15. Android • Built in support for Android 4.3+ • Central & peripheral roles • GATT server & GATT client • android.hardware.bluetooth_le feature
16. Android 4.3 for Beacons detection <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/> final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter(); 1. Check for permission 2. Check for hardware 3. Get the BluetoothAdapter 4. Enable Bluetooth if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || !mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) { Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT); }
17. mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback); 5. Define callback 6. Start BLE scanning private LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new LeScanCallback() { @Override public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) { … // Parsing beacon data }); } };
18. Android 5.0+ for Beacons detection • New api to work with BLE devices • Background scanning • Filtering possibility • SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER mode • SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY mode
19. LOW_POWER LOW_LATENCY Test duration 134 minutes 152 minutes Battery Level Change -13% -25% Battery Drain Rate 268mA 454mA Relative Battery Savings 41% -- Typical time between detections 4400 ms 100 ms http://developer.radiusnetworks.com/2014/10/28/android-5.0-scanning.html
20. 1.Set filter 6.Define callback private void setScanFilter() { ScanFilter.Builder mBuilder = new ScanFilter.Builder(); ByteBuffer mManufacturerData = ByteBuffer.allocate(23); ByteBuffer mManufacturerDataMask = ByteBuffer.allocate(24); byte[] uuid = getIdAsByte(UUID.fromString("0CF052C297CA407C84F8B62AAC4E9020"); mManufacturerData.put(0, (byte)0xBE); mManufacturerData.put(1, (byte)0xAC); for (int i=2; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerData.put(i, uuid[i-2]); } for (int i=0; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerDataMask.put((byte)0x01); } mBuilder.setManufacturerData(224, mManufacturerData.array(), mManufacturerDataMask.array()); mScanFilter = mBuilder.build(); } 2.Set scan settings private void setScanSettings() { ScanSettings.Builder mBuilder = new ScanSettings.Builder(); mBuilder.setReportDelay(0); mBuilder.setScanMode(ScanSettings.SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER); mScanSettings = mBuilder.build(); }
21. protected ScanCallback mScanCallback = new ScanCallback() { @Override public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) { ScanRecord mScanRecord = result.getScanRecord(); int[] manufacturerData = mScanRecord.getManufacturerSpecificData(224); int mRssi = result.getRssi(); } } 3.Setup callback 4.Start scanning mBluetoothLeScanner.startScan(Arrays.asList(mScanFilter), mScanSettings, mScanCallback);
22. Android Beacon emitter • Works starting from 5.0 • Currently only Nexus 6 and Nexus 9 supported • BluetoothLeAdvertiser & AdvertiseData & AdvertiseSettings support classes • Different levels of transmitter power
23. protected void setAdvertiseData() { AdvertiseData.Builder mBuilder = new AdvertiseData.Builder() ByteBuffer mManufacturerData = ByteBuffer.allocate(24); byte[] uuid = getIdAsByte(UUID.fromString("0CF052C297CA407C84F8B62AAC4E9020")); mManufacturerData.put(0, (byte)0xBE); // Beacon Identifier mManufacturerData.put(1, (byte)0xAC); // Beacon Identifier for (int i=2; i<=17; i++) { mManufacturerData.put(i, uuid[i-2]); // adding the UUID } mManufacturerData.put(18, (byte)0x00); // first byte of Major mManufacturerData.put(19, (byte)0x09); // second byte of Major mManufacturerData.put(20, (byte)0x00); // first minor mManufacturerData.put(21, (byte)0x06); // second minor mManufacturerData.put(22, (byte)0xB5); // txPower mBuilder.addManufacturerData(224, mManufacturerData.array()); mAdvertiseData = mBuilder.build(); } 1. Set Advertise data
24. mBluetoothLeAdvertiser.startAdvertising(mAdvertiseSettings, mAdvertiseData, mAdvertiseCallback); Good to go, we can start advertising protected void setAdvertiseSettings() { AdvertiseSettings.Builder mBuilder = new AdvertiseSettings.Builder(); mBuilder.setAdvertiseMode(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_MODE_LOW_POWER); mBuilder.setConnectable(false); mBuilder.setTimeout(0); mBuilder.setTxPowerLevel(AdvertiseSettings.ADVERTISE_TX_POWER_MEDIUM); mAdvertiseSettings = mBuilder.build(); } 2. Set Advertise settings
27. Use cases • For runners (to remove cheating) • Shopping molls • Indoor navigation • Museums • Clinics • Hotels (check in & check out) • Apps for disabled • Device location inside office
28. Q/A
29. Thanks! G+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/+KseniiaShumelchyk/