Membangun 5GC dengan Klaster Raspberry Pi

Transcript

1. Yogyakarta, 19 July 2025 Building 5GC with a Cluster of Pis Membangun 5GC dengan Klaster Raspberry Pi Iwan Setiawan — @stwn Lecturer/Researcher @EE Unsoed in progress
2. Iwan stwn Purbalingga, ID • Full-time (Debian) GNU/Linux user • Lecturer/Researcher at EE Unsoed ◦ Area: computer & information engineering1 ◦ Interested in (edge) systems & networking 2 1 Not Teknik Informatika 162 km, 35 jam 57 menit OSRM
3. Disclaimer • Do not expect too much from this session ◦ Simple things* to share ◦ Limited time and speaker’s capacity • Plenty of abbreviations and concepts • Focus on bare-metal 5GC deployment 3 in progress
4. OPENINFRA INDONESIA DAYS 2025 Outline • 5G System • 5G Service-Based Architecture • p5GC Testbed • p5GC Testing • p5GC with Orchestrators 4 in progress
5. (Some) Abbreviations 5GC 5G Core 5G RAN 5G Radio Access Network 5G UE 5G User Equipment 5G SBA 5G Service-Based Architecture 5G CP 5G Control Plane 5G UP 5G User Plane NF Network Function NFV NFs Virtualization VNF Virtual NF CNF Container or Cloud-native NF 5 5
6. 5G System • General architecture • Main components • NFV 6 Core RAN UE Peterson, Sunay, and Davie, 2023
7. 5G System • 5G components: 5GC, 5G RAN (5G NR), and 5G UE • 5G deployment options – 5G Standalone (SA), or “full deployment” – 5G Non-standalone (NSA), or “hybrid”, e.g., 4GC (EPC) with 5G RAN 7 7
8. 8 8 Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) NFV whitepaper, ETSI, 2012
9. 9 9 Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) NFV whitepaper, ETSI, 2012
10. 10 10 ETSI GS NFV 002 V1.2.1 Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) NFVO VNFM VIM NFVI VNFs
11. 11 11 https://docs.openstack.org/tacker/latest/user/architecture.html v/Servers VNFM NFVO VIM NFVI VNFs CNFs
12. 5G SBA1 • Cellular netw uses NFs+considers NFV/SDN • 5G SBA comprises VNFs/CNFs, \w 2 planes ◦ 5G Control Plane (5G CP) ◦ 5G User Plane (5G UP) • Each VNF is a microservice, providing service to other VNFs via API (interface) 12 3GPP TS 23.501 1 5G Service-Based Architecture Reference points: N1, N2, N3, N4, …
13. 5G Service-Based Architecture 13 13 3GPP TS 23.501 3GPP TS 23.501 5G CP 5G UP
14. 5G Service-Based Architecture 14 14 Peterson, Sunay, and Davie, 2023
15. OPENINFRA INDONESIA DAYS 2025 5G SBA 15 15 3GPP TS 23.501 • 5G Control Plane ◦ Access and Mobility Manage. Function (AMF) ▪ Connection, mobility tracking, auth., location service ◦ Session Management Function (SMF) ▪ UE session, IP address alloc., UPF selection, QoS control, etc. ◦ Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) ◦ Network Repository Function (NRF) ◦ Authentication Server Function (AUSF) ◦ Unified Data Management (UDM) ◦ Unified Data Repository (UDR) ◦ Policy Control Function (PCF) • 5G User Plane ◦ User Plane Function (UPF) ▪ Traffic forwarding between RAN and data network (DN) ▪ Policy enforcement, measurement, QoS policing
16. p5GC Testbed • Relatively small, modular, low-power • 5GC: computing, networking, simple rack ◦ ARM-based single-board computers (Pis) ◦ 5GC software compliant w/ 3GPP Release 15+ ◦ Mounting, power management, cooling • 5G RAN and UEs run in simulators 16
17. p5GC Testbed: Computing Hardware • Single-board computer (SBC): Raspberry Pi 4 (Quad-core ARM64 1.5GHz, 8GB) x4 • Storage: MicroSD SanDisk Ultra Class 10 64GB x4 Software • GNU/Linux distribution: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (ARM64), preinstalled server image • Linux kernel: 5.4.0 (aarch64) • Provisioning utilities: – flash script for flashing the image to SD card; from Hypriot – cloud-init: init. and config. for Pis; treat Pis like cloud instances • Account, network configuration, packages, SSH public key, etc. 17 17 Laserlicht, CC By-SA 4.0
18. p5GC Testbed: Networking • Gigabit Ethernet switch: D-Link DGS-1100-08V2 with 8 ports, managed • Network cables: Cat6 UTP with RJ45 and plug boot 18 18
19. p5GC Testbed: Simple Rack • DIN rail (35 mm), 40 cm length 1x • 3D-printed DIN rail stand (pairs) 1x • 3D-printed Raspberry Pi 4 DIN rail mount brackets 4x • Power management – MCB AC DOMAE 2A 1P, DIN rail mount 1x – Power supply MDR 5V 10A, DIN rail mount 2x – Power socket, DIN rail mount 1x – Terminal blocks for DIN rail – Power cables with multiple sizes • NYA 1.5mm2 • NYM 0.75mm2 for powering Pis via GPIO pins (4, 6) – Power plug 1x • Cooling with two 8x8cm2 5V DC fans 2x 19 19 https://raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/raspberry-pi.html
20. p5GC Setup: free5GC • An implementation of 5GC, compliant with 3GPP Release 15+ standards • License: Apache 2.0 • Under Linux Foundation since Sep 16, 2024 • Deployment options – Containerization with Docker – CNFs orchestration using Kubernetes (K8s) 20 20
21. p5GC Setup: 5G CP • Download and install golang (1.21.8) • Setup Go environment • Clone free5GC repo: https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc.git • Compile with Make: make -j nproc amf smf nssf nrf pcf udr udm ausf chf • Install MongoDB (3.6.9) – Issue: MongoDB 5.0+ requires AVX support (processor) • Configure multiple IP addresses based on a scenario with netplan • Configure 5G CP NFs: config/{amfcfg, smfcfg, nssfcfg, nrfcfg, ausfcfg}.yaml • Run 5G CP NFs with a script 21 21 Bare-metal deployment
22. p5GC Setup: Webconsole • Install nodejs • Compile webconsole • Run webconsole: go run server.go 22 22 Bare-metal deployment
23. p5GC Setup: 5G UP • Compile UPF: make -j nproc upf • Clone gtp5g: https://github.com/free5gc/gtp5g • Compile gtp5g: make; requires: Linux kernel source • Install: make install • Configure UPF: config/upfcfg.yaml • Configure forwarding: /etc/sysctl.conf with “net.ipv4.ip_forward=1” • NAT configuration, ex: – sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.11.0.0/16 ! -o upfgtp -j MASQUERADE 23 23 Bare-metal deployment
24. p5GC Testing • UERANSIM: simulate gNodeB (gNB) and UE • Promising simulator: PacketRusher • Other simulator: gnbsim 24
25. p5GC Testing: UERANSIM • Clone UERANSIM repo: git clone https://github.com/aligungr/UERANSIM • Compile UERANSIM: make -j nproc • Configure gNB: config/free5gc-gnb.yaml • Configure UE: config/free5gc-ue.yaml • Run gNB • Run UE 25 25
26. p5GC Testing: Basic Scenario 26 26
27. 27 27 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0o994TZWC80
28. p5GC \w Orchestrators • Notes on Docker container, Compose, Swarm, and MikroK8s • Notable Issues ◦ ARM architecture: versions, image building ◦ Netw. config.: topology, ref. points, interfaces ◦ 5G CNFs (inter)dependencies 28 in progress
29. 29 Notes on Docker Container, Compose, and Swarm • No issues in Docker installation • ARM-related issues (arm64 or aarch64) – ARM (Docker) container: pull or buildx, https://hub.docker.com/u/free5gc – Unsupported MongoDB for ARMv8.0-A: build, or use arm64v8/mongo:4.4.18 • Network config.: (virtual) networks following 5G SBA, including ref. points, ifaces. – Need to be specified regarding networks, IP addresses, and network interfaces • Docker Swarm: 5G CNFs (inter)dependencies 29
30. MicroK8s • CNCF-certified lightweight K8s distribution • Simple to install and run • Available documentations from Ubuntu/Canonical and free5GC communities • Packaged as a snap 30 30
31. Notes on MicroK8s • ARM architecture and processor load – K8s deployment: value.yaml, “aarch64” image – kubelite: 15~30% processor when idle • Helm charts – free5GC-helm, based on towards5gs-helm: https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc-helm – Gradiant 5G, helm charts for Open5GS (an alternative to free5GC) • At least two network interfaces needed for each node (Pi) for the free5gc helm charts – Considering the WiFi interface for control channel, and Ethernet for data channel 31 31
32. 32 32 https://microk8s.io/compare
33. 33 33 https://hub.docker.com/u/free5gc
34. 34 34 https://github.com/Orange-OpenSource/towards5gs-helm/blob/main/docs/demo/Setup-free5gc-on-multiple-clusters-and-test-with-UERANSIM.md
35. Concluding Remarks • Building a 5GC seems simple, but not that simple1 • 5GC can be constructed with a Raspberry Pi cluster and free5GC ◦ Bare-metal and container deployment options ◦ Issues: ARM, netw. config. (SBA, ref. points, ifaces.), 5G CNFs dependencies ◦ Experiments needed on multi-node lightweight K8s w/ Helm charts • More exploration on a complete 5G system (5GC, 5G RAN+UE) ◦ Converged edge cloud and connectivity ◦ Wanted by telco: cloud-native capabilities and experts 35 35 1 prior knowledge, more thinking and tinkering are required
36. THANK YOU Yogyakarta, 19 July 2025 Thanks to LPPM Unsoed for the competency development research scheme 2024