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Cartography 101
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Sumin Byeon
March 21, 2013
Science
1
51
Cartography 101
Sumin Byeon
March 21, 2013
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Transcript
Cartography 101 Sumin Byeon University of Arizona
The Ultimate Plan • Fully customizable map tiles • Serve
these map tiles on our own servers
Rationale • Google does not allow their map to be
used in any navigation software • OSM does not allow anyone to use their map servers for production purposes • CloudMade map servers are slow (perhaps it’s because we don’t pay?)
Cartography • Study and practice of making maps[1] • Projection
of a 3D world onto a 2D plane • Simplified view of the real world, selectively displaying different features depending on the purpose of the map
Slippy Maps • Interactive maps that can be zoomed and
panned around • Consists of tiles - generally 256x256 pixels • Dynamic loading • e.g., Google Maps, Bing Maps, Mapquest
Projections • Mercator projection • Normal Mercator • Transverse Mercator
• Miller cylindrical projection • Mollweide projection • Robinson projection
Mercator Projection
Prerequisites • Geospatial data • Software to process the data
• Map style definition • Tile generator • Storage (i.e., a database and a file system) • Servers to host tiles
Data Source • OpenStreetMap • XML • Nodes, links, polygons
• PBF • Binary format • ~30% smaller than compressed XML • Significantly faster to process
PostGIS • A spatial database extender for PostgreSQL • Enables
geospatial queries to be run in SQL • Supports for various features for manipulating geospatial objects
PostgreSQL • A very powerful relational database system • Known
for reliability, data integrity and correctness
Layer • Generally, a map is consist of multiple layers
• A layer is a subset of geospatial data that can be fetched by a single query
Layer SELECT name, place, population, way FROM planet_osm_point WHERE place='city'
ANDCAST(REPLACE(population, ',', '') AS INT) >= 25000 AND CAST(REPLACE(population, ',', '') AS INT) < 500000
Mapnik • A toolkit for developing map applications • Provides
sub-pixel accuracy (by using highly sophisticated anti-aliasing techniques) • https://github.com/mapnik/mapnik
Cascadenik • Mapnik style definitions in XML - low readability,
maintainability • Implements cascading stylesheets for Mapnik
Cascadenik • (Demo)
TileMill
Tile Generation • Export to an Mapnik XML • Feed
this XML to a tile generation script • Run a post processing script • Transfer tiles to servers
Questions?