Interesting nooks and crannies of Spock you (may) have never seen before

I bet that Spock needs not to be introduced to anyone here. For many of us it was an entry point to the thrilling world of Groovy. Spock has a flat learning curve - a sensible Java programmer (without prior Groovy experience) can start writing Spock specifications within several minutes. However, when you combine Groovy & Spock magic, a new fascinating meta-world is created. The exploration of its every nook and cranny can take much longer (and it's definitely much more efficient with a guide ;-).

You can expect a set of more advanced (and/or less known) techniques and mechanisms, the use of which can even more simplify and facilitate the testing of our code. You have to be forewarned that we will also visit those dark areas where it is better not to enter, things that do not work or work in a way nobody expects.

Spoiler. It is a Groovy focused version of my warmly welcomed "Smarter testing Java code with Spock Framework" presentation, enriched with additional tricks and traps.

Transcript

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16. import static FancyFeatureRequiredIntranetConnectionSpecIT.isUrlAvailable
    @Requires({ isUrlAvailable("http://some-host.intranet/") })
    class FancyFeatureRequiredIntranetConnectionSpecIT extends Specification {
    //could be also from trait or other class
    static boolean isUrlAvailable(String url) {
    //...
    }
    def "should do one thing in intranet"() { ... }
    def "should do another thing in intranet"() { ... }
    ...
    }
    

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17. import static FancyFeatureRequiredIntranetConnectionSpecIT.isUrlAvailable
    @Requires({ isUrlAvailable("http://some-host.intranet/") })
    class FancyFeatureRequiredIntranetConnectionSpecIT extends Specification {
    //could be also from trait or other class
    static boolean isUrlAvailable(String url) {
    //...
    }
    def "should do one thing in intranet"() { ... }
    def "should do another thing in intranet"() { ... }
    ...
    }
    MissingMethodException
    

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18. import static FancyFeatureRequiredIntranetConnectionSpecIT.isUrlAvailable
    @Requires({ isUrlAvailable("http://some-host.intranet/") })
    class FancyFeatureRequiredIntranetConnectionSpecIT extends Specification {
    @Memoized
    //could be also from trait or other class
    static boolean isUrlAvailable(String url) {
    //...
    }
    def "should do one thing in intranet"() { ... }
    def "should do another thing in intranet"() { ... }
    ...
    }
    @Memoized
    

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19. @Requires({ System.getProperty("os.arch") == "amd64" }) //old way
    def "should use optimization on 64-bit systems"() { ... }
    @Requires({ System.getenv().containsKey("ENABLE_CRM_INTEGRATION_TESTS") }) //old way
    def "should do complicated things with CRM"() { ... }
    

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20. @Requires({ System.getProperty("os.arch") == "amd64" }) //old way
    def "should use optimization on 64-bit systems"() { ... }
    @Requires({ System.getenv().containsKey("ENABLE_CRM_INTEGRATION_TESTS") }) //old way
    def "should do complicated things with CRM"() { ... }
    

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21. spock.util.environment.OperatingSystem
    os.name os.version
    String getName() //Linux
    String getVersion() //8.1
    Family getFamily() //SOLARIS (enum)
    boolean isLinux()
    boolean isWindows()
    boolean isMacOs()
    boolean isSolaris()
    boolean isOther()
    @Requires({ os.linux || os.macOs })
    def "should use fancy console features"() { ... }
    

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22. spock.util.environment.Jvm
    java.version java.specification.version
    boolean isJava7() //true only if Java 7
    boolean isJava8Compatible() //true if Java 8+
    String getJavaVersion() //e.g. "1.8.0_05"
    String getJavaSpecificationVersion() //e.g. "1.8"
    @IgnoreIf({ !jvm.java8Compatible })
    def "should return empty Optional by default for unstubbed methods with Java 8+"() { ... }
    

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23. spock.util.environment.Jvm
    java.version java.specification.version
    boolean isJava7() //true only if Java 7
    boolean isJava8Compatible() //true if Java 8+
    String getJavaVersion() //e.g. "1.8.0_05"
    String getJavaSpecificationVersion() //e.g. "1.8"
    @IgnoreIf({ !jvm.java8Compatible })
    def "should return empty Optional by default for unstubbed methods with Java 8+"() { ... }
    

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24. spock.util.environment.Jvm
    java.version java.specification.version
    boolean isJava7() //true only if Java 7
    boolean isJava8Compatible() //true if Java 8+
    String getJavaVersion() //e.g. "1.8.0_05"
    String getJavaSpecificationVersion() //e.g. "1.8"
    @IgnoreIf({ !jvm.java8Compatible })
    def "should return empty Optional by default for unstubbed methods with Java 8+"() { ... }
    

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25. //from trait or util class
    private static final PreconditionContext XXX = new PreconditionContext()
    @IgnoreIf({ !XXX.jvm.java8Compatible })
    def "should return empty Optional by default for unstubbed methods with Java 8+"() { ... }
    @Requires({ XXX.os.linux || XXX.os.macOs })
    def "should use fancy console features"() { ... }
    PreconditionContext
    

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26. //from trait or util class
    private static final PreconditionContext XXX = new PreconditionContext()
    @IgnoreIf({ !XXX.jvm.java8Compatible })
    def "should return empty Optional by default for unstubbed methods with Java 8+"() { ... }
    @Requires({ XXX.os.linux || XXX.os.macOs })
    def "should use fancy console features"() { ... }
    PreconditionContext
    

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27. //from trait or util class
    private static final PreconditionContext XXX = new PreconditionContext()
    @IgnoreIf({ !XXX.jvm.java8Compatible })
    def "should return empty Optional by default for unstubbed methods with Java 8+"() { ... }
    @Requires({ XXX.os.linux || XXX.os.macOs })
    def "should use fancy console features"() { ... }
    PreconditionContext
    

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29. setup/cleanup
    

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30. setup/cleanup
    def "complex logic should work with fixed thread pool"() {
    setup: //alias for 'given:'
    ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1)
    when:
    String returnedValue = threadPool
    .submit({ "val" } as Callable)
    .get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    then:
    returnedValue == "val"
    cleanup:
    threadPool?.shutdown()
    }
    where
    

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31. setup/cleanup
    def "complex logic should work with fixed thread pool"() {
    setup:
    ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1)
    when:
    String returnedValue = threadPool
    .submit({ "val" } as Callable)
    .get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    then:
    returnedValue == "val"
    cleanup:
    threadPool?.shutdown()
    }
    

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32. def "complex logic should work with fixed thread pool"() {
    setup:
    ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1)
    and:
    Callable task = { "val" } as Callable
    when:
    String returnedValue = threadPool
    .submit(task)
    .get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    then:
    returnedValue == "val"
    cleanup:
    threadPool?.shutdown()
    }
    

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33. def "complex logic should work with fixed thread pool"() {
    setup:
    ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1)
    and:
    Callable task = { "val" } as Callable
    when:
    String returnedValue = threadPool
    .submit(task)
    .get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //null is returned!
    then:
    returnedValue == "val"
    cleanup:
    threadPool?.shutdown()
    }
    Runnable Callable
    

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34. def "complex logic should work with fixed thread pool"() {
    setup:
    ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1)
    and:
    Callable task = [call: { "val" }] as Callable
    when:
    String returnedValue = threadPool
    .submit(task)
    .get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    then:
    returnedValue == "val"
    cleanup:
    threadPool?.shutdown()
    }
    

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35. class FancyDBSpec extends Specification {
    @Shared
    private DBConnection dbConnection
    def beforeSpec() {
    dbConnection = new H2DBConnection(...)
    }
    def cleanupSpec() {
    dbConnection.close()
    }
    def "should do fancy things on DB"() { ... }
    def "should do fancy2 things on DB"() { ... }
    }
    interface DBConnection {
    ...
    void close()
    }
    

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36. class FancyDBSpec extends Specification {
    @Shared
    private DBConnection dbConnection = new H2DBConnection(...)
    def cleanupSpec() {
    dbConnection.close()
    }
    def "should do fancy things on DB"() { ... }
    def "should do fancy2 things on DB"() { ... }
    }
    interface DBConnection {
    ...
    void close();
    }
    

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37. class FancyDBSpec extends Specification {
    @Shared
    private DBConnection dbConnection = new H2DBConnection(...)
    def cleanupSpec() {
    dbConnection.close()
    }
    def "should do fancy things on DB"() { ... }
    def "should do fancy2 things on DB"() { ... }
    }
    interface DBConnection {
    ...
    void close();
    }
    

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38. class FancyDBSpec extends Specification {
    @Shared
    @AutoCleanup
    private DBConnection dbConnection = new H2DBConnection(...)
    def "should do fancy things on DB"() { ... }
    def "should do fancy2 things on DB"() { ... }
    }
    interface DBConnection {
    ...
    void close();
    }
    close()
    

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39. class FancyDBSpec extends Specification {
    @Shared
    @AutoCleanup("release")
    private DBConnection dbConnection = new H2DBConnection(...)
    def "should do fancy things on DB"() { ... }
    def "should do fancy2 things on DB"() { ... }
    }
    interface DBConnection {
    ...
    void release();
    }
    

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40. cleaup cleanupSpec
    close()
    @AutoCleanup("release")
    @AutoCleanup(quiet = true)
    

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41. @Before @After
    setupSpec() setup() cleanup() cleanupSpec()
    @BeforeClass @Before @After @AfterClass
    

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42. +---------------+
    | Specification |
    +---------------+
    

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43. +---------------+
    | Specification |
    +---------------+
    ^
    |
    +---------------------+
    | BaseIntegrationSpec |
    +---------------------+
    

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44. +---------------+
    | Specification |
    +---------------+
    ^
    |
    +---------------------+
    | BaseIntegrationSpec |
    +---------------------+
    ^
    |
    +------------------+
    | BaseDatabaseSpec |
    +------------------+
    

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45. +---------------+
    | Specification |
    +---------------+
    ^
    |
    +---------------------+
    | BaseIntegrationSpec |
    +---------------------+
    ^
    |
    +------------------+
    | BaseDatabaseSpec |
    +------------------+
    ^ ^
    | |
    | |
    +-------- + +---------+
    | DbSpec1 | | DbSpec2 |
    +---------+ +---------+
    

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46. +---------------+
    | Specification |
    +---------------+
    ^
    |
    +---------------------+
    | BaseIntegrationSpec |
    +---------------------+
    ^ ^
    | |
    +------------------+ +----------------- +
    | BaseDatabaseSpec | | BaseWiremockSpec |
    +------------------+ +------------------+
    ^ ^ ^ ^
    | | | |
    | | | |
    +-------- + +---------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
    | DbSpec1 | | DbSpec2 | | WiremockSpec1 | | WiremockSpec2 |
    +---------+ +---------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
    

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47. +---------------+
    | Specification |
    +---------------+
    ^
    |
    +---------------------+ +--------------------------- +
    | BaseIntegrationSpec |<-------| BaseWiremockWithDbSpec ??? |
    +---------------------+ +----------------------------+
    ^ ^
    | |
    +------------------+ +----------------- +
    | BaseDatabaseSpec | | BaseWiremockSpec |
    +------------------+ +------------------+
    ^ ^ ^ ^
    | | | |
    | | | |
    +-------- + +---------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
    | DbSpec1 | | DbSpec2 | | WiremockSpec1 | | WiremockSpec2 |
    +---------+ +---------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
    

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48. +---------------+
    | Specification |
    +---------------+
    ^
    |
    +---------------------+ +--------------------------- +
    | BaseIntegrationSpec |<-------| BaseWiremockWithDbSpec ??? |
    +---------------------+ +----------------------------------+
    ^ ^ | BaseWiremockWithActiveMqSpec ??? |
    | | +----------------------------------+
    +------------------+ +----------------- +
    | BaseDatabaseSpec | | BaseWiremockSpec |
    +------------------+ +------------------+
    ^ ^ ^ ^
    | | | |
    | | | |
    +-------- + +---------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
    | DbSpec1 | | DbSpec2 | | WiremockSpec1 | | WiremockSpec2 |
    +---------+ +---------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
    

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49. +---------------+
    | Specification |
    +---------------+
    ^
    |
    +---------------------+ +--------------------------- +
    | BaseIntegrationSpec |<-------| BaseWiremockWithDbSpec ??? |
    +---------------------+ +----------------------------------+
    ^ ^ | BaseWiremockWithActiveMqSpec ??? |
    | | +----------------------------------+
    +------------------+ +----------------- +
    | BaseDatabaseSpec | | BaseWiremockSpec |
    +------------------+ +------------------+
    ^ ^ ^ ^
    | | | |
    | | | |
    +-------- + +---------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
    | DbSpec1 | | DbSpec2 | | WiremockSpec1 | | WiremockSpec2 |
    +---------+ +---------+ +---------------+ +---------------+
    

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51. trait DatabaseTrait {
    static DBConnection dbConnection
    def setupSpec() { //or @BeforeClass or inline
    //prepare DB
    }
    def cleanupSpec() { //or @AfterClass
    //clean up DB
    }
    }
    

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52. trait DatabaseTrait {
    static DBConnection dbConnection
    def setupSpec() { //or @BeforeClass or inline
    //prepare DB
    }
    def cleanupSpec() { //or @AfterClass
    //clean up DB
    }
    }
    //no more infrastructure code needed in specifications
    class Fancy1DatabaseSpec extends Specification implements DatabaseTrait {
    def "should do fancy1 thing on database"() {
    //fancy1 things on database
    }
    }
    class Fancy2DatabaseSpec extends Specification implements DatabaseTrait {
    def "should do fancy2 thing on database"() {
    //fancy2 things on database
    }
    }
    

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53. trait DatabaseTrait {
    ...
    }
    trait ActiveMQTrait {
    ...
    }
    trait WireMockTrait {
    ...
    }
    class VerySpecificIntegrationSpec extends Specification
    implements DatabaseTrait, WireMockTrait {
    def "should do very specific integration things"() { ... }
    }
    

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54. @AutoCleanup cleanup(Spec)
    @Shared static
    static
    

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56. @Unroll
    def "should validate PESEL (#pesel) correctness (#isValid)"() {
    expect:
    sut.validate(pesel) == isValid
    where:
    pesel || isValid
    "123" || false
    "abcd" || false
    "97110208631" || true
    }
    where
    

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57. @Unroll
    def "should validate PESEL (#pesel) correctness (#isValid)"() {
    expect:
    sut.validate(pesel) == isValid
    where:
    pesel || isValid
    "123" || false
    "abcd" || false
    "97110208631" || true
    }
    #pesel #isValid
    

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58. @Unroll("PESEL '#pesel' should be #description")
    def "should validate PESEL correctness"() {
    expect:
    sut.validate(pesel) == isValid
    where:
    pesel || isValid
    "123" || false
    "abcd" || false
    "97110208631" || true
    description = isValid ? "valid" : "invalid"
    }
    

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59. @Unroll("PESEL '#pesel' should be #description")
    def "should validate PESEL correctness"() {
    expect:
    sut.validate(pesel) == isValid
    where:
    pesel || isValid
    "123" || false
    "abcd" || false
    "97110208631" || true
    description = isValid ? "valid" : "invalid"
    }
    

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60. @Unroll("PESEL '#pesel' should be #description")
    def "should validate PESEL correctness"() {
    expect:
    sut.validate(pesel) == isValid
    where:
    pesel << ["123", "abcd", "97110208631"]
    isValid << [false, false, true]
    description = isValid ? "valid" : "invalid"
    }
    <<
    

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61. @Unroll("#pesel is valid (#dbId)")
    def "should validate PESEL correctness (CSV)"() {
    expect:
    sut.validate(pesel)
    where:
    [dbId, _, _, pesel] << readValidPeopleFromCSVFile()
    .readLines().collect { it.split(',') }
    //ugly way to read CSV - don't do this
    }
    

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62. @Unroll
    

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63. @Unroll
    @Unroll
    @Unroll
    class PeselValidatorSpec extends Specification {
    def "should pass valid PESEL #number"() { ... }
    def "should reject too short PESEL #number"() { ... }
    def "should pass Mr. President PESEL"() { ... }
    (...)
    }
    

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64. //dependency in Gradle/Maven/Ant
    testCompile 'info.solidsoft.spock:spock-global-unroll:0.5.1'
    @Unroll
    class PeselValidatorSpec extends Specification {
    //unrolled automatically without @Unroll
    def "should pass valid PESEL #number"() { ... }
    (...)
    }
    

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65. @Roll @DisableGlobalUnroll
    @Roll
    class PeselValidatorSpec extends Specification {
    //one big test for multiple input parameters
    def "should not be unrolled for some reasons PESEL #number"() { ... }
    (...)
    }
    

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66. @Unroll @Roll
    @Roll
    class PeselValidatorSpec extends Specification {
    //one big test for multiple input parameters
    def "should not be unrolled for some reasons PESEL #number"() { ... }
    //unrolled anyway
    @Unroll("PESEL '#pesel' should be #description")
    def "should validate PESEL correctness"() { ... }
    (...)
    }
    

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68. class DaoSpec extends Specification {
    def "should stub consecutive calls" () {
    given:
    Dao dao = Stub(Dao)
    dao.getCount() >> 1 >> 2
    expect:
    dao.getCount() == 1
    and:
    dao.getCount() == 2
    and:
    dao.getCount() == 2
    }
    }
    

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69. class DaoSpec extends Specification {
    def "should stub consecutive calls" () {
    given:
    Dao dao = Stub(Dao)
    dao.getCount() >>> [1, 2]
    expect:
    dao.getCount() == 1
    and:
    dao.getCount() == 2
    and:
    dao.getCount() == 2
    }
    }
    

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70. class DaoSpec extends Specification {
    def "should stub consecutive calls (exception)"() {
    given:
    Dao dao = Stub(Dao)
    dao.getCount() >> 1 >> { throw new IllegalArgumentException() } >> 3
    expect:
    dao.getCount() == 1
    when:
    dao.getCount()
    then:
    thrown(IllegalArgumentException)
    expect:
    dao.getCount() == 3
    }
    

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71. class DaoSpec extends Specification {
    def "should stub consecutive calls (exception)"() {
    given:
    Dao dao = Stub(Dao)
    dao.getCount() >> 1 >> { throw new IllegalArgumentException() } >> 3
    expect:
    dao.getCount() == 1
    when:
    dao.getCount()
    then:
    thrown(IllegalArgumentException)
    expect:
    dao.getCount() == 3
    }
    

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72. class DaoSpec extends Specification {
    def "should stub consecutive calls (exception)"() {
    given:
    Dao dao = Stub(Dao)
    dao.getCount() >> 1 >> { throw new IllegalArgumentException(???) } >> 3
    expect:
    dao.getCount() == 1
    when:
    dao.getCount()
    then:
    thrown(IllegalArgumentException)
    expect:
    dao.getCount() == 3
    }
    

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73. class Dao {
    T save(T element)
    }
    class DaoSpec extends Specification {
    def "should stub method call to return input value"() {
    given:
    Item baseItem = new Item()
    and:
    Dao dao = Stub()
    dao.save(_) >> { it[0] }
    when:
    Item returnedItem = dao.save(baseItem)
    then:
    baseItem.is(returnedItem)
    }
    }
    

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74. class DaoSpec extends Specification {
    def "should demonstrate common error with one parameter"() {
    given:
    Item baseItem = new Item()
    and:
    Dao dao = Stub()
    dao.save(_) >> { it } //broken - 'it' is an array - it[0]
    when:
    Item returnedItem = dao.save(baseItem)
    then:
    baseItem.is(returnedItem)
    }
    }
    

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75. class DaoSpec extends Specification {
    def "should stub method call to return input value"() {
    given:
    Item baseItem = new Item()
    and:
    Dao dao = Stub()
    dao.save(_) >> { Item item -> item }
    when:
    Item returnedItem = dao.save(baseItem)
    then:
    baseItem.is(returnedItem)
    }
    }
    

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76. class DaoSpec extends Specification {
    def "should stub and verify"() {
    given:
    Item baseItem = new Item()
    and:
    Dao dao = Mock()
    dao.save(_) >> { Item item -> item }
    when:
    Item returnedItem = dao.save(baseItem)
    then:
    1 * dao.save(_)
    and:
    baseItem.is(returnedItem)
    }
    }
    

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77. class DaoSpec extends Specification {
    def "should stub and verify"() {
    given:
    Item baseItem = new Item()
    and:
    Dao dao = Mock()
    dao.save(_) >> { Item item -> item }
    when:
    Item returnedItem = dao.save(baseItem)
    then:
    1 * dao.save(_)
    and:
    baseItem.is(returnedItem)
    }
    }
    

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78. class DaoSpec extends Specification {
    def "should stub and verify"() {
    given:
    Item baseItem = new Item()
    and:
    Dao dao = Mock()
    when:
    Item returnedItem = dao.save(baseItem)
    then:
    1 * dao.save(_) >> { Item item -> item }
    and:
    baseItem.is(returnedItem)
    }
    }
    then
    

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79. @Ignore("broken")
    def "notification should be send after business operation (ignore order)"() {
    given:
    Dao dao = Mock()
    Notifier notifier = Mock()
    and:
    def sut = new BusinessService(dao, notifier)
    when:
    sut.processOrder()
    then:
    1 * dao.saveOrder(_) //order does not matter
    1 * notifier.sendNotification(_)
    }
    

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80. def "notification should be send after business operation"() {
    given:
    Dao dao = Mock()
    Notifier notifier = Mock()
    and:
    def sut = new BusinessService(dao, notifier)
    when:
    sut.processOrder()
    then:
    1 * dao.saveOrder(_)
    then:
    1 * notifier.sendNotification(_)
    }
    

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81. @Ignore("broken")
    def "notification should be send after business operation (with 'and')"() {
    given:
    Dao dao = Mock()
    Notifier notifier = Mock()
    and:
    def sut = new BusinessService(dao, notifier)
    when:
    sut.processOrder()
    then:
    1 * dao.saveOrder(_)
    and: //'and' does not verify execution order
    1 * notifier.sendNotification(_)
    }
    and
    

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83. 1 * tacticalStation.fireTorpedo(2) //equal to 2
    1 * tacticalStation.fireTorpedo(!2) //not equal to 2
    1 * tacticalStation.fireTorpedo(_) //any argument
    1 * scienceStation.analyzeInput(!null) //not null argument
    1 * scienceStation.analyzeInput(_ as String) //instance of String
    1 * tacticalStation.fireTorpedo({ it > 2 }) //any argument greater than 2
    1 * ts.smellyFindNumberOfShipsInRangeByCriteria(_, { it.contains("fiant") }, 4)
    

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84. 1 * tacticalStation.fireTorpedo(2) //equal to 2
    1 * tacticalStation.fireTorpedo(!2) //not equal to 2
    1 * tacticalStation.fireTorpedo(_) //any argument
    1 * scienceStation.analyzeInput(!null) //not null argument
    1 * scienceStation.analyzeInput(_ as String) //instance of String
    1 * tacticalStation.fireTorpedo({ it > 2 }) //any argument greater than 2
    1 * ts.smellyFindNumberOfShipsInRangeByCriteria(_, { it.contains("fiant") }, 4)
    ts.smellyFindNumberOfShipsInRangeByCriteria(_, { it.contains("fiant") }, 4) >> 2
    

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86. def dao = Mock(Dao) //Groovy way
    

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87. def dao = Mock(Dao) //Groovy way
    Dao dao = Mock(Dao) //Java way
    

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88. def dao = Mock(Dao) //Groovy way
    Dao dao = Mock(Dao) //Java way
    Dao dao = Mock() //shorter Java way?
    

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89. def dao = Mock(Dao) //Groovy way
    Dao dao = Mock(Dao) //Java way
    Dao dao = Mock() //shorter Java way
    

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90. def dao = Mock(Dao) //Groovy way
    Dao dao = Mock(Dao) //Java way
    Dao dao = Mock() //shorter Java way
    

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94. interface Dao {
    Optional getMaybeById(long id)
    ...
    }
    def "should not fail on unstubbed call with Optional return type"() {
    given:
    Dao dao = Stub()
    when:
    dao.getMaybeById(5)
    then:
    noExceptionThrown()
    }
    

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95. interface Dao {
    Optional getMaybeById(long id)
    ...
    }
    @Ignore("Broken - Optional is final")
    def "should not fail on unstubbed call with Optional return type"() {
    given:
    Dao dao = Stub()
    when:
    dao.getMaybeById(5)
    then:
    noExceptionThrown()
    }
    CannotCreateMockException: Cannot create mock for class java.util.Optional
    because Java mocks cannot mock final classes.
    

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96. EmptyOrDummyResponse
    

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97. EmptyOrDummyResponse
    null
    ZeroOrNullResponse
    

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98. EmptyOrDummyResponse
    null
    ZeroOrNullResponse
    def "should not fail on unstubbed call with Optional return type - workaround 1"() {
    given:
    Dao dao = Stub([defaultResponse: ZeroOrNullResponse.INSTANCE])
    when:
    dao.getMaybeById(5)
    then:
    noExceptionThrown()
    }
    

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99. EmptyOrDummyResponse
    null
    ZeroOrNullResponse
    

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100. EmptyOrDummyResponse
     null
     ZeroOrNullResponse
     def "should not fail on unstubbed call with Optional return type - workaround 2"() {
     given:
     Dao dao = Mock() //instead of Stub()
     when:
     dao.getMaybeById(5)
     then:
     noExceptionThrown()
     }
     

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101. EmptyOrDummyResponse
     null
     ZeroOrNullResponse
     def "should not fail on unstubbed call with Optional return type - workaround 2"() {
     given:
     Dao dao = Mock() //instead of Stub()
     when:
     dao.getMaybeById(5)
     then:
     noExceptionThrown()
     }
     Optional
     

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103. class Java8EmptyOrDummyResponse implements IDefaultResponse {
     public static final Java8EmptyOrDummyResponse INSTANCE = new Java8EmptyOrDummyResponse();
     private Java8EmptyOrDummyResponse() {}
     @Override
     public Object respond(IMockInvocation invocation) {
     if (invocation.getMethod().getReturnType() == Optional) {
     return Optional.empty()
     }
     //possibly CompletableFutures.completedFuture(), dates and maybe others
     return EmptyOrDummyResponse.INSTANCE.respond(invocation)
     }
     }
     

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104. defaultResponse Stub
     def "should return empty Optional for unstubbed calls"() {
     given:
     Dao dao = Stub([defaultResponse: Java8EmptyOrDummyResponse.INSTANCE])
     when:
     Optional result = dao.getMaybeById(5)
     then:
     result?.isPresent() == false //NOT the same as !result?.isPresent()
     }
     

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105. defaultResponse Stub
     def "should return empty Optional for unstubbed calls"() {
     given:
     Dao dao = Stub([defaultResponse: Java8EmptyOrDummyResponse.INSTANCE])
     when:
     Optional result = dao.getMaybeById(5)
     then:
     result?.isPresent() == false //NOT the same as !result?.isPresent()
     }
     Dao dao = Stub8(Dao)
     T Stub8(Class clazz) {
     return Stub([defaultResponse: Java8EmptyOrDummyResponse.INSTANCE], clazz)
     }
     

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106. def "should change real method execution return value"() {
     given:
     TacticalStation tsSpy = Spy()
     and:
     tsSpy.getTubeStatus(_) >> {
     if (it[0] == 4) {
     return TubeStatus.BROKEN
     } else {
     return callRealMethod()
     }
     }
     expect:
     tsSpy.getTubeStatus(1) == TubeStatus.LOADED
     and:
     tsSpy.getTubeStatus(4) == TubeStatus.BROKEN
     }
     callRealMethod()
     

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107. def "should call real method with changed arguments"() {
     given:
     TacticalStation tsSpy = Spy()
     and:
     tsSpy.getTubeStatus(_) >> { int tubeNumber ->
     return callRealMethodWithArgs(tubeNumber + 1)
     }
     expect:
     ...
     }
     callRealMethodWithArgs()
     

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109. Assertion failed:
     assert word.substring(begin, end) == word[begin..end]
     | | | | | | || |
     | po 1 3 | | |1 3
     Spock | | poc
     | Spock
     false
     assert
     then expect
     

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110. Assertion failed:
     assert word.substring(begin, end) == word[begin..end]
     | | | | | | || |
     | po 1 3 | | |1 3
     Spock | | poc
     | Spock
     false
     assert
     then expect
     

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111. assert
     when:
     ...
     then:
     assertCompatibilityWithEU49683Directive(order)
     }
     private void assertCompatibilityWithEU49683Directive(Order order) {
     assert order.field1 == ...
     assert order.field2 == ...
     }
     

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112. assert
     when:
     ...
     then:
     assertCompatibilityWithEU49683Directive(order)
     }
     private void assertCompatibilityWithEU49683Directive(Order order) {
     assert order.field1 == ...
     assert order.field2 == ...
     }
     given
     given:
     int initialNumberOfFiles = getNumberOfFileInDirectory()
     assert initialNumberOfFiles == 0
     when:
     ...
     

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113. assert
     expect:
     GParsPool.withPool {
     ["1"].eachParallel CorrelationIdUpdater.wrapClosureWithId {
     assert it == "1"
     }
     }
     

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114. assert
     expect:
     GParsPool.withPool {
     ["1"].eachParallel CorrelationIdUpdater.wrapClosureWithId {
     assert it == "1"
     }
     }
     

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115. def "should show nice error message on null dereference"(){
     when:
     Person readPerson = dao.getById(TEST_WOMAN)
     then:
     readPerson.sex == Sex.WOMAN
     ...
     }
     

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116. def "should show nice error message on null dereference"(){
     when:
     Person readPerson = dao.getById(TEST_WOMAN)
     then:
     readPerson.sex == Sex.WOMAN
     ...
     }
     java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot get property 'sex' on null object
     ?.
     

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117. def "should show nice error message on null dereference"(){
     when:
     Person readPerson = dao.getById(TEST_WOMAN)
     then:
     readPerson?.sex == Sex.WOMAN
     ...
     }
     readPerson?.sex == Sex.WOMAN
     | | |
     null | false
     null
     

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118. def "should show nice error message on null dereference"(){
     when:
     Person readPerson = dao.getById(TEST_WOMAN)
     then:
     readPerson.sex == Sex.WOMAN //wihtout '?.'
     ...
     }
     java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke method startsWith() on null object
     readPerson.sex == Sex.WOMAN
     | | |
     null | false
     java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot get property 'sex' on null object
     

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119. @Stepwise
     

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