Beyond the Twelve-Factor App

クラウドネイティブアプリケーションの設計パターン「Beyond the Twelve-Factor App」の紹介

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1. The Twelve Factor App 12 Cloud NATIVE APPLICATION PATTERNS 2016.08.26 Kazuya Takahashi @REALWORLD Beyond
2. About me The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond גࣜձࣾϦΞϧϫʔϧυ
   (.
   גࣜձࣾ3&"-
   '*/5&$)
   $50 ∁ڮ
   ࿨໵ ΞδϟΠϧͰϑϧελοΫͳҙࣝߴ͍ΤϯδχΞ
   ݸਓͰ͸-*7&"(&ͱ͍͏Իָʷ8&#ͳूஂͷҰһͰ͢ IUUQTMJWFBHFUPEBZ
3. the Twelve-Factor App )FSPLVͷதͷਓ͕೥ʹॻ͍ͨɺϞμϯͳΫϥ΢υΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϕ ετϓϥΫςΟε͕ʮ5IF
   5XFMFWF'BDUPS
   "QQʯ
   ࠷ۙɺ.BSUJO
   'PXMFSࢯͷϒϩάهࣄʮ4FSWFSMFTT
   "SDIJUFDUVSFTʯͰ/FU'MJY ͷ"ESJBO
   $PDLDSPGUࢯͷʠΦʔέʔɺͦΕ͕Ͳ͏ͨ͠ɻ΋͠ࢲ͕༏लͳ 'BDUPS
   "QQͷσϕϩούʔͳΒɺίʔυͷॻ͖ํʹԿͷҧ͍͕͋Δͷ͔ʡͱ͍ ͏ίϝϯτ͕৺ʹࢗͬͨ͞ͷͰɺվΊͯ'BDUPSʹֶ͍ͭͯΜͰΈ·ͨ͠ɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
4. the Twelve-Factor App 'BDUPS
   "QQΛௐ΂ͯݟ͚ͭͨͷ͕ʮ#FZPOE
   UIF
   5XFMWF'BDUPS
   "QQʯ
   ΦϦδφϧ'BDUPS
   "QQ͸ඇৗʹ༗༻͕ͩɺ೥ʹॻ͔Εͨ΋ͷͰঢ়گ͕ มΘ͖͍ͬͯͯΔɻಛʹ"84Λ࢝Ίͱͨ͠Ϋϥ΢υ؀ڥΛ׆༻ͨ͠Ϋϥ΢υωΠ ςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ৽ͨͳϕετϓϥΫςΟεͱͯ͠ɺ೥ʹ1JWPUBM ͕ࣾɺΦϦδφϧͷݸͷΨΠυϥΠϯͷΞοϓσʔτͱݸͷ৽ͨͳΨΠυϥ ΠϯΛ௥Ճͨ͠΋ͷ͕#FZPOE
   UIF
   'BDUPS
   "QQͰ͢ɻ Beyond The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
5. 01. One Codebase, One Application όʔδϣϯ؅ཧ͞Ε͍ͯΔͭͷίʔυϕʔεʹͭͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
6. 01. One Codebase, One Application Ϋϥ΢υωΠςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ɺ୯ҰͷϦϙδτϦͰ؅ཧ͞Εͨίʔυ ϕʔεΛ࣋ͪɺෳ਺ͷҟͳΔ؀ڥʹϦϦʔε͞ΕΔɻ
   ෳ਺ͷνʔϜ͕ɺಉ͡ϦϙδτϦͰҟͳΔػೳΛ։ൃ͢ΔͱɺͭͷΞϓϦέʔ γϣϯͰ͸ͳ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͏ͨΊɺϚΠΫϩαʔϏεԽΛݕ౼͢΂͖Ͱ͋Δɻ
   ʠΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸૊৫ʹ͕ͨ͠͏ɻ૊৫͸ΞʔΩςΫνϟʹ͕ͨ͠͏ʡʙ
   ίϯ ΢ΣΠͷ๏ଇ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
7. 02. API First αʔϏεͷߏங͸"1*ͷઃܭ͔Β࢝ΊΔ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
8. 02. API First ϞόΠϧϑΝʔετ͔Β"1*ϑΝʔετ΁ɻ"1*ͩͱෳ਺αʔϏεͷ࿈ܞ΍ɺε ϚϗΞϓϦͱ8&#ΞϓϦͷΑ͏ͳϚϧνσόΠεʹ΋ରԠͰ͖Δɻ
   "1*ͷઃܭ͸"1*υΩϡϝϯτ࡞੒πʔϧΛར༻͢Δɻ4XBHHFS΍"1*
   #MVFQSJOUͱ"QJBSZͱ͍ͬͨπʔϧΛ࢖͑͹ɺ"1*υΩϡϝϯτ͔Βɺίʔυ΍ 4%,ɺϞοΫαʔόͳͲΛੜ੒͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ
   "1*ϑΝʔετͷγεςϜ͸ɺ࢓༷͕໌֬ʹఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰɺςετ͕ॻ͖ ΍͘͢ɺ$*؀ڥͰγεςϜΛҡ͍࣋ͯ͘͠ࣄ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
9. 03. Dependency Management ґଘؔ܎Λ໌ࣔతʹએݴ͠෼཭͢Δ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
10. 03. Dependency Management ϥΠϒϥϦͷ؅ཧ͸ɺ1)1ͷ$PNQPTFSɺ3VCZͷ(FNɺ/PEFKTͷOQNͳͲ ͷύοέʔδ؅ཧγεςϜΛར༻͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕Ͳͷϥ ΠϒϥϦʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δ͔͕໌֬ʹͳΓɺγεςϜ࣮ߦ؀ڥʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ɻ
    γεςϜʹΠϯετʔϧ͞Ε͍ͯΔͰ͋Ζ͏DVSM΍*NBHF.BHJDLͳͲͷπʔϧ Λ࢖͏৔߹΋ɺকདྷҧ࣮ͬͨߦ؀ڥͰ࢖ΘΕͨ৔߹ʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͋ ΔͷͰɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯଆͰ؅ཧ͢Δ΂͖Ͱ͋Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
11. 04. Design, Build, Release, Run ઃܭɺϏϧυɺϦϦʔεɺ࣮ߦ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
12. 04. Design, Build, Release, Run ઃܭɿΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ࣄલʹશ෦ઃܭ͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺઃܭͱίʔσΟϯά Λখ͍͞୯ҐͰ܁Γฦ͠ߦ͍ͬͯ͘ɻ
    ϏϧυɿϦϙδτϦͰࢦఆ͞Εͨίʔυϕʔεͷґଘؔ܎Λղܾ͠ίϯύΠϧɻ ϩʔΧϧ؀ڥͰ΋ಉ༷ͷखॱΛߦ͑͹ϩʔΧϧͰಈ͍͕ͨຊ൪Ͱಈ͔ͳ͍ͱ͍͏ ໰୊͸ൃੜ͠ͳ͍ɻ
    ϦϦʔεɿϏϧυ͞Εͨ΋ͷΛ؀ڥຖͷσϓϩΠઃఆͱ݁߹ͯ͠ϦϦʔεɻϦϦʔ ε͸ඞͣҰҙͳ*%Λ࣋ͪɺϩʔϧόοΫͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δɻ$BQJTUSBOPͩͱλ ΠϜελϯϓΛ΋ͬͨσΟϨΫτϦɺ%PDLFSͩͱλάɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
13. 04. Design, Build, Release, Run The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond ࣮ߦɿϦϦʔε͞ΕͨίϯςφͳͲͷϓϩηεΛىಈ࣮ͯ͠ߦɻϩʔΧϧͰϏϧ υ࣮ͯ͠ߦͨ͠΋ͷ͕ɺ$*$%ύΠϓϥΠϯΛ௨ͯ͡ɺͦͷ··ෳ਺ͷΫϥ΢υ ؀ڥͰ΋࣮ߦ͞ΕΔɻ
14. 05. Configuration, Credentials, and Code ઃఆΛ؀ڥม਺ʹ֨ೲ͢Δ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
15. 05. Configuration, Credentials, and Code ઃఆ΍ೝূ৘ใ͸ίʔυ͔Β෼཭͢΂͖Ͱ͋Γɺόʔδϣϯ؅ཧʹ΋ؚΉ΂͖Ͱ ͸ͳ͍ɻ·ͨɺ؀ڥ͝ͱʢEFW QSPEʜʣʹઃఆΛάϧʔϐϯά͢΂͖Ͱ΋ͳ͍ɻ ؀ڥ͸ແݶʹ૿͍͑ͯ͘Մೳੑ͕͋Δɻ
    ઃఆΛ෼཭͢ΔҰ൪ͷํ๏͸؀ڥม਺΁ͷ֨ೲͰ͋Δɻίʔυमਖ਼͢Δ͜ͱͳ͘ σϓϩΠ͝ͱʹ؆୯ʹมߋͰ͖ɺݴޠ΍04ʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ϑΥʔϚοτɻ
    ઃఆͱίʔυ͕෼཭Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ͔ͷ֬ೝ͸ɺࠓ͙͢ʹͰ΋ίʔυΛΦʔϓϯιʔ εԽͰ͖Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ͰΘ͔Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
16. 06. Logs ϩάΛΠϕϯτετϦʔϜͱͯ͠ѻ͏ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
17. 06. Logs Ϋϥ΢υωΠςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸αʔό͕؆୯ʹ૿ݮͨ͠ΓɺҰ࣌తͳε τϨʔδ͔͠ͳ͍৔߹΋͋ΔͷͰɺϑΝΠϧγεςϜʹґଘ͠ͳ͍Α͏ʹɺϩά ͷग़ྗઌ΍ετϨʔδʹ͍ͭͯ͸Ұ੾ؔ஌ͤͣɺ࣮ߦதͷϓϩηε͸Πϕϯτε τϦʔϜΛඪ४ग़ྗʹॻ͖ग़͠ɺ࣮ߦ؀ڥͰ͸ετϦʔϜΛॲཧ͢ΔqVFOUE΍
    $MPVE8BUDI
    -PHTͳͲͰॲཧ͢Δɻ
    ϩάΛू໿ͨ͠Γ෼ੳ͍ͨ͠৔߹͸ɺ5SFBTVSF%BUB΍&-,ελοΫ &MBTUJD4FBSDI
    -PHTUBTI
    BOE
    ,JCBOB ͳͲΛར༻͢Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
18. 07. Disposability ߴ଎ͳىಈͱάϨʔεϑϧγϟοτμ΢ϯͰݎ࿚ੑΛ࠷େԽ͢Δ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
19. 07. Disposability Ϋϥ΢υωΠςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϓϩηε͸ഇغ༰қੑʢߴ଎ͳϓϩηε ͷىಈͱऴྃʣ͕େ੾Ͱ͋Δɻ"84
    -BNCEBͳͲ͸ϦΫΤετ͝ͱʹҰ࣌తͳ ϓϩηε͕ىಈͯ͠ॲཧ͢ΔͨΊىಈ࣌ؒͷ୹ॖ͸ॏཁͰ͋Δɻ
    ·ͨىಈ͕࣌ؒ୹͍ͱɺϦϦʔε࡞ۀ΍εέʔϧΞοϓ΋ૉૣ͘ߦ͑ΔΑ͏ʹͳ Γɺ։ൃϓϩηε΋ߴ଎Խ͢Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
20. 08. Backing services όοΫΤϯυαʔϏεΛΞλον͞ΕͨϦιʔεͱͯ͠ѻ͏ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
21. 08. Backing services σʔλϕʔε΍ϝʔϧαʔόͳͲͷόοΫΤϯυͷαʔϏε͸ɺαʔυύʔςΟ ͷαʔϏεΛ"1*ͳͲΛ௨ͯ͡ར༻͢Δࣄ͕૿͍͑ͯΔͷͰɺΞλον͞ΕͨϦ ιʔεͱͯ͠ѻ͍ɺ؆୯ʹ੾Γସ͑ͯར༻Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond σʔλϕʔεͷ"NB[PO
    3%4ɺ 4.51ͷ1PTUpYͱ$VFOPUF
    434 ΍4FOE(SJEɺΩϡʔͷ #FBOTUBMLEͱ424ͳͲɻ
22. 08. Backing services αʔυύʔςΟͷαʔϏεΛ࢖͏৔߹ɺαʔϏε͕μ΢ϯ͢ΔͱίωΫγϣϯͷ λΠϜΞ΢τ଴͕ͪൃੜͯ͠ɺଞͷॲཧ΋μ΢ϯͯ͠͠·͏Մೳੑ͕͋ΔͨΊɺ $JSDVJU
    #SFBLFSύλʔϯΛ࠾༻͢ΔͱΑ͍ɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond $JSDVJU
    #SFBLFSύλʔϯͱ͸ɺϦϞʔτΞΫηεͷ੒ޭʗࣦഊΛΧ΢ϯτ͠ɺ
    Τϥʔ཰͕ᮢ஋Λ ௒͑ͨͱ͖ʹࣗಈతʹΞΫηεΛःஅ͢Δ࢓૊Έɻ WJB
    ෼ࢄαʔϏε؀ڥ΁ͷ$JSDVJU
    #SFBLFSͷద༻
    
    -*/&
    &OHJOFFST
    #MPH
23. 09. Environment Parity ͢΂ͯͷ؀ڥΛͰ͖Δ͚ͩҰகͤͨ͞ঢ়ଶΛอͭ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
24. 09. Environment Parity ։ൃ؀ڥɾεςʔδϯά؀ڥɾຊ൪؀ڥͳͲͷෳ਺ͷ؀ڥ͸Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩΪϟοϓ Λ࡞ΒͣʹҰகͤ͞Δɻ؀ڥ͝ͱʹΪϟοϓ͕࡞ΒΕΔཁҼ͸ओʹʮ࣌ؒʯ ʮਓʯʮϦιʔεʢόοΫΤϯυαʔϏεʣʯͷͭɻ
    ࣌ؒɿຊ൪؀ڥ΁ͷϦϦʔε͸ग़དྷΔݶΓ୹ظؒʢ਺࣌ؒ୯ҐʣͰߦ͏ɻ
    ਓɿίʔυΛॻ͘ਓͱσϓϩΠ͢Δਓ͸ಉ͡ਓ͕୲౰͢Δɻͦͯ͠σϓϩΠ͸ ΞΫγϣϯͰ؆୯ʹͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
25. 09. Environment Parity ϦιʔεɿϩʔΧϧ؀ڥͱຊ൪؀ڥ͸$IFG΍%PDLFSͳͲΛར༻ͯ͠ग़དྷΔݶΓ Ұகͨ͠όοΫΤϯυαʔϏεΛ࢖͏ɻຊ൪͸.Z42-ͰϩʔΧϧ͸42-JUF΍ɺ ຊ൪͸NFNDBDIFEͰϩʔΧϧ͸ΠϯϝϞϦͳͲͱ͍͏Ϊϟοϓ͸࡞Βͳ͍ɻ؀ ڥͷҰக͸࣌ؒͱखؒΛ͔͚ͯͰ΋ߦ͏΂͖Ͱ͋Δɻ
    શͯͷίϛοτ͸σϓϩΠީิͱͯ͠ɺͲͷ؀ڥͰ΋ಈ͘Α͏ʹ৺͕͚Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
26. 10. Administrative Processes ؅ཧλεΫ͸ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͔Β෼཭͢Δ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
27. 10. Administrative Processes ΦϦδφϧ'BDUPS
    "QQͰ͸؅ཧλεΫΛΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ಺ʹ࣮૷ɺ΋͘͠ ͸3&1-ʢ3BJMTͷQSZ΍-BSBWFMͷUJOLFSͳͲʣΛ׆༻͢Δͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ͕ɺ #FZPOE൛Ͱ͸ҟΛএ͍͑ͯΔɻ
    ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱҰॹͩͱεέʔϧΞ΢τ࣌ʹແ਺ͷ؅ཧλεΫ͕ىಈͯ͠͠ ·͏͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ·ͨΫϥ΢υωΠςΟϒͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸DSPOͳͲͷσʔ Ϟϯ͕࢖͑ͳ͍࣌΋͋Δɻ 4Ͱ੩తαΠτɺ-BNCEBͰνϟοτϘοτͱ͔
    ·ͨɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ಺ͷ؅ཧλεΫͷηΩϡϦςΟΛߟ͑ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
28. 10. Administrative Processes ؅ཧλεΫ͸ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ಺෦Ͱ࣮૷ͤͣʹɺ"84
    -BNCEBͳͲͰ؅ཧλ εΫઐ༻ͷΫϥ΢υωΠςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞Δ΂͖Ͱ͋Δɻ
    ηΩϡϦςΟͷߟྀ͕ݶఆతͱͳΓɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ͲΜͳʹεέʔϧΞ΢ τͯ͠΋ӨڹΛ͏͚ͳ͍ɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
29. 11. Port binding ϙʔτόΠϯσΟϯάΛ΍Ίͯίϯςφͱͯ͠αʔϏεΛެ։͢Δ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
30. 11. Port binding ΦϦδφϧ'BDUPS
    "QQͰ͸ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛϙʔτΛόΠϯυͯ͠αʔϏ εͱͯ͠ެ։͢Δͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ͕ɺΫϥ΢υωΠςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ίϯ ςφ୯ҐͰαʔϏεͱͯ͠ެ։͢Δɻ
    ·ͨϩʔΧϧͰ͸MPDBMIPTUɺຊ൪؀ڥͰ͸BQQFYBNQMFDPNͱ؀ڥʹ ΑͬͯϙʔτΛόΠϯυ͢Δ৔߹͸؀ڥม਺ʹΑͬͯมߋ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
31. 12. Stateless Processes γΣΞʔυφογϯάύλʔϯʹΑΔεςʔτ؅ཧ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
32. 12. Stateless Processes ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϓϩηε͸શͯεςʔτϨεͱͳΓɺηογϣϯͳͲͷঢ়ଶ ؅ཧʹ͸γΣΞʔυφογϯάͳόοΫΤϯυαʔϏεΛར༻͢Δɻ
    Ϋϥ΢υωΠςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϑΝΠϧγεςϜ͸Ұ࣌తͳ΋ͷ΍Ϧʔ υΦϯϦʔͷ৔߹΋͋ΔͨΊόοΫΤϯυαʔϏεͱͯ͠͸࢖༻͢΂͖Ͱͳ͍ɻ
    ·ͨΠϯϝϞϦΩϟογϡ͸ɺϓϩηεىಈ࣌ʹϝϞϦΩϟογϡ͢Δͱϓ ϩηεഇغ༰қੑͰड़΂ͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϓϩηεىಈߴ଎ԽΛ્֐͢Δͨ Ίɺ3FEJTͳͲͷΩϟογϡαʔϏεΛ࢖͏΂͖Ͱ͋Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
33. 13. Concurrency εέʔϧΞοϓͰ͸ͳ͘εέʔϧΞ΢τͰϓϩηεΛ૿΍͢ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
34. 13. Concurrency εςʔτϨε͔ͭγΣΞʔυφογϯάͰഇغ༻ҙͳϓϩηεΛ࣋ͭΫϥ΢υω ΠςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ɺෳ਺ͷΠϯεϯεΛ্ཱͪ͛ͯεέʔϧΞ΢τ͢ Δ͜ͱ͕ɺ$16Λ্͛ͨΓϝϞϦΛ૿΍ͨ͠Γ͢ΔεέʔϧΞοϓΑΓ؆୯Ͱޮ ՌతͰ͋Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
35. 14. Telemetry ޿େͳΫϥ΢υͰͷϦϞʔτ؂ࢹ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
36. 14. Telemetry ΦϦδφϧͷ'BDUPS
    "QQʹ͸ແ͍߲໨ɻ؂ࢹʹ͸"1. ύϑΥʔϚϯε ɺ ,1* Ϗδωεࢦඪ ɺࢮ׆؂ࢹͷ͕ͭඞཁɻΫϥ΢υωΠςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣ ϯ͸༷ʑͳΠϯεϯεʗόοΫΤϯυαʔϏεʗαʔυύʔςΟαʔϏεͰߏ੒ ͞ΕΔͨΊ؂ࢹ͕ෳࡶ໘౗ʹͳͬͯ͠·͏ͷͰɺઃܭஈ֊͔Β؂ࢹํ๏Λݕ౼͢ ΂͖Ͱ͋Δɻ
    "1.ɿ/FX3FMJD
    (BOHMJB
    %BUB%PH
    ,1*ɿ(PPHMF
    "OBMZUJDT
    5SFBTVSF%BUB
    3FETIJGU
    ࢮ׆؂ࢹɿ/BHJPT
    $MPVE8BUDI
    $MPVE5SBJM The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
37. 15. Authentication and Authorization ϩʔϧϕʔεͷೝূͱೝՄ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond
38. 15. Authentication and Authorization ΦϦδφϧͷ'BDUPS
    "QQʹ͸ແ͍߲໨ɻΫϥ΢υωΠςΟϒΞϓϦέʔγϣ ϯͷηΩϡϦςΟରࡦ͸3#"$ 3PMF
    #BTF
    "DDFTT
    $POUSPMM ͕ద͍ͯ͠ΔɻΞ ϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ͲͷϢʔβʔ͕ϦΫΤετ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͔Λೝূ͠ɺͦͷϢʔβʔ ͕ଐ͍ͯ͠Δϩʔϧ͔Β࣮ߦͰ͖ΔॲཧΛೝՄ͢Δɻ
    ैདྷͷόοΫΤϯυαʔϏεͱͷ઀ଓͰ͸*1Ͱͷ੍ݶ͕ଟ͍͕ɺΠϯελϯε͕ ૿ݮͨ͠ΓҰ࣌తͳ΋ͷͰ͋Δ৔߹͸*1؅ཧ͕೉͍ͨ͠ΊɺϢʔβʔͱಉ༷ʹ 3#"$͕༗ޮͰ͋Δɻ The Twelve Factor App 12 Beyond